gh-142830: prevent crashes when replacing sqlite3 callbacks

python · picnixz · Jan 1, 2026 · Dec 28, 2025 · Dec 28, 2025 · Dec 29, 2025
commit 4dd06525f881d8a19a5b1b6a1334db1d60d2dd32
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sqlite3/test_dbapi.py b/Lib/test/test_sqlite3/test_dbapi.py
@@ -2029,5 +2029,104 @@ def test_row_is_a_sequence(self):
         self.assertIsInstance(row, Sequence)
 
 
+class CallbackTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+        self.cx = sqlite.connect(":memory:")
+        self.addCleanup(self.cx.close)
+        self.cu = self.cx.cursor()
+        self.cu.execute("create table test(a number)")
+
+        class Handler:
+            cx = self.cx
+
+        self.handler_class = Handler
+
+    def assert_not_authorized(self, func, /, *args, **kwargs):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(sqlite.DatabaseError, "not authorized"):
+            func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def assert_interrupted(self, func, /, *args, **kwargs):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(sqlite.OperationalError, "interrupted"):
+            func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def assert_invalid_trace(self, func, /, *args, **kwargs):
+        # Exception in trace callbacks are entirely suppressed.
+        pass
+
+    # When a handler has an invalid signature, the exception raised is
+    # the same that would be raised if the handler "negatively" replied.
+
+    def test_authorizer_invalid_signature(self):
+        self.cx.set_authorizer(lambda: None)
+        self.assert_not_authorized(self.cx.execute, "select * from test")
+
+    def test_progress_handler_invalid_signature(self):
+        self.cx.set_progress_handler(lambda x: None, 1)
+        self.assert_interrupted(self.cx.execute, "select * from test")
+
+    def test_trace_callback_invalid_signature_traceback(self):
+        self.cx.set_trace_callback(lambda: None)
+        self.assert_invalid_trace(self.cx.execute, "select * from test")
+
+    # Tests for checking that callback context mutations do not crash.
+    # Regression tests for https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/142830.
+
+    def test_authorizer_concurrent_mutation_in_call(self):
+        class Handler(self.handler_class):
+            def __call__(self, *a, **kw):
+                self.cx.set_authorizer(None)
+                raise ValueError
+
+        self.cx.set_authorizer(Handler())
+        self.assert_not_authorized(self.cx.execute, "select * from test")
+
+    def test_authorizer_concurrent_mutation_with_overflown_value(self):
+        _testcapi = import_helper.import_module("_testcapi")
+
+        class Handler(self.handler_class):
+            def __call__(self, *a, **kw):
+                self.cx.set_authorizer(None)
+                # We expect 'int' at the C level, so this one will raise
+                # when converting via PyLong_Int().
+                return _testcapi.INT_MAX + 1
+
+        self.cx.set_authorizer(Handler())
+        self.assert_not_authorized(self.cx.execute, "select * from test")
+
+    def test_progress_handler_concurrent_mutation_in_call(self):
+        class Handler(self.handler_class):
+            def __call__(self, *a, **kw):
+                self.cx.set_authorizer(None)
+                raise ValueError
+
+        self.cx.set_progress_handler(Handler(), 1)
+        self.assert_interrupted(self.cx.execute, "select * from test")
+
+    def test_progress_handler_concurrent_mutation_in_conversion(self):
+        class Handler(self.handler_class):
+            def __bool__(self):
+                # clear the progress handler
+                self.cx.set_progress_handler(None, 1)
+                raise ValueError  # force PyObject_True() to fail
+
+        self.cx.set_progress_handler(Handler.__init__, 1)
+        self.assert_interrupted(self.cx.execute, "select * from test")
+
+    def test_trace_callback_concurrent_mutation_in_call(self):
+        class Handler:
+            def __call__(self, statement):
+                # clear the progress handler
+                self.cx.set_progress_handler(None, 1)
+                raise ValueError
+
+        self.cx.set_trace_callback(Handler())
+        self.assert_invalid_trace(self.cx.execute, "select * from test")
+
+    # TODO(picnixz): increase test coverage for other callbacks
+    # such as 'func', 'step', 'finalize', and 'collation'.
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-12-28-13-12-40.gh-issue-142830.uEyd6r.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-12-28-13-12-40.gh-issue-142830.uEyd6r.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+:mod:`sqlite3`: fix use-after-free crashes when the connection's callbacks
+are mutated during a callback execution. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.
@@ -914,7 +914,9 @@ func_callback(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv)
     if (args) {
         pysqlite_CallbackContext *ctx = sqlite3_user_data(context);
         assert(ctx != NULL);
+        Py_INCREF(ctx);
         py_retval = PyObject_CallObject(ctx->callable, args);
+        Py_DECREF(ctx);
         Py_DECREF(args);
     }
 
@@ -942,6 +944,8 @@ step_callback(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **params)
 
     pysqlite_CallbackContext *ctx = sqlite3_user_data(context);
     assert(ctx != NULL);
+    // Hold a reference to 'ctx' to prevent concurrent mutations.
+    Py_INCREF(ctx);
 
     aggregate_instance = (PyObject**)sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, sizeof(PyObject*));
     if (aggregate_instance == NULL) {
@@ -971,6 +975,7 @@ step_callback(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **params)
     }
 
     function_result = PyObject_CallObject(stepmethod, args);
+    Py_CLEAR(ctx);
     Py_DECREF(args);
 
     if (!function_result) {
@@ -979,6 +984,7 @@ step_callback(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **params)
     }
 
 error:
+    Py_XDECREF(ctx);
     Py_XDECREF(stepmethod);
     Py_XDECREF(function_result);
 
@@ -1011,8 +1017,10 @@ final_callback(sqlite3_context *context)
 
     pysqlite_CallbackContext *ctx = sqlite3_user_data(context);
     assert(ctx != NULL);
+    Py_INCREF(ctx);
     function_result = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(*aggregate_instance,
                                                 ctx->state->str_finalize);
+    Py_DECREF(ctx);
     Py_DECREF(*aggregate_instance);
 
     ok = 0;
@@ -1163,6 +1171,8 @@ inverse_callback(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **params)
 
     pysqlite_CallbackContext *ctx = sqlite3_user_data(context);
     assert(ctx != NULL);
+    // Hold a reference to 'ctx' to prevent concurrent mutations.
+    Py_INCREF(ctx);
 
     int size = sizeof(PyObject *);
     PyObject **cls = (PyObject **)sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, size);
@@ -1191,9 +1201,11 @@ inverse_callback(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **params)
                 "user-defined aggregate's 'inverse' method raised error");
         goto exit;
     }
+    Py_CLEAR(ctx);
     Py_DECREF(res);
 
 exit:
+    Py_XDECREF(ctx);
     Py_XDECREF(method);
     PyGILState_Release(gilstate);
 }
@@ -1217,7 +1229,10 @@ value_callback(sqlite3_context *context)
     assert(cls != NULL);
     assert(*cls != NULL);
 
+    Py_INCREF(ctx);
     PyObject *res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(*cls, ctx->state->str_value);
+    Py_DECREF(ctx);
+
     if (res == NULL) {
         int attr_err = PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError);
         set_sqlite_error(context, attr_err
@@ -1360,10 +1375,11 @@ authorizer_callback(void *ctx_vp, int action, const char *arg1,
 
     assert(ctx_vp != NULL);
     pysqlite_CallbackContext *ctx = pysqlite_CallbackContext_CAST(ctx_vp);
-    PyObject *callable = ctx->callable;
-    ret = PyObject_CallFunction(callable, "issss", action, arg1, arg2, dbname,
-                                access_attempt_source);
+    // Hold a reference to 'ctx' to prevent concurrent mutations.
+    Py_INCREF(ctx);
 
+    ret = PyObject_CallFunction(ctx->callable, "issss", action, arg1, arg2,
+                                dbname, access_attempt_source);
     if (ret == NULL) {
         print_or_clear_traceback(ctx);
         rc = SQLITE_DENY;
@@ -1381,6 +1397,7 @@ authorizer_callback(void *ctx_vp, int action, const char *arg1,
         }
         Py_DECREF(ret);
     }
+    Py_DECREF(ctx);
 
     PyGILState_Release(gilstate);
     return rc;
@@ -1396,8 +1413,10 @@ progress_callback(void *ctx_vp)
 
     assert(ctx_vp != NULL);
     pysqlite_CallbackContext *ctx = pysqlite_CallbackContext_CAST(ctx_vp);
-    PyObject *callable = ctx->callable;
-    ret = PyObject_CallNoArgs(callable);
+    // Hold a reference to 'ctx' to prevent concurrent mutations.
+    Py_INCREF(ctx);
+
+    ret = PyObject_CallNoArgs(ctx->callable);
     if (!ret) {
         /* abort query if error occurred */
         rc = -1;
@@ -1409,7 +1428,7 @@ progress_callback(void *ctx_vp)
     if (rc < 0) {
         print_or_clear_traceback(ctx);
     }
-
+    Py_DECREF(ctx);
     PyGILState_Release(gilstate);
     return rc;
 }
@@ -1455,7 +1474,9 @@ trace_callback(unsigned int type, void *ctx_vp, void *stmt, void *sql)
         sqlite3_free((void *)expanded_sql);
     }
     if (py_statement) {
+        Py_INCREF(ctx);
         PyObject *ret = PyObject_CallOneArg(ctx->callable, py_statement);
+        Py_DECREF(ctx);
         Py_DECREF(py_statement);
         Py_XDECREF(ret);
     }
@@ -1889,6 +1910,7 @@ collation_callback(void *context, int text1_length, const void *text1_data,
 {
     PyGILState_STATE gilstate = PyGILState_Ensure();
 
+    pysqlite_CallbackContext *ctx = NULL;
     PyObject* string1 = 0;
     PyObject* string2 = 0;
     PyObject* retval = NULL;
@@ -1910,8 +1932,11 @@ collation_callback(void *context, int text1_length, const void *text1_data,
         goto finally;
     }
 
-    pysqlite_CallbackContext *ctx = pysqlite_CallbackContext_CAST(context);
+    ctx = pysqlite_CallbackContext_CAST(context);
     assert(ctx != NULL);
+    // Hold a reference to 'ctx' to prevent concurrent mutations.
+    Py_INCREF(ctx);
+
     PyObject *args[] = { NULL, string1, string2 };  // Borrowed refs.
     size_t nargsf = 2 | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET;
     retval = PyObject_Vectorcall(ctx->callable, args + 1, nargsf, NULL);
@@ -1931,8 +1956,10 @@ collation_callback(void *context, int text1_length, const void *text1_data,
         else if (longval < 0)
             result = -1;
     }
+    Py_CLEAR(ctx);
 
 finally:
+    Py_XDECREF(ctx);
     Py_XDECREF(string1);
     Py_XDECREF(string2);
     Py_XDECREF(retval);
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
		@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
		:mod:`sqlite3`: fix use-after-free crashes when the connection's callbacks
		are mutated during a callback execution. Patch by Bénédikt Tran.