Fixes for the slope limiters of the flow - #2959

…and limiters (#2961)

## Proposed Changes

This is one of **seven related periodic-boundary bug-fix PRs**.

| PR | Scope |
|---|---|
| #2961 (this PR) | Rotational Jacobian, multigrid velocity rotation and
limiters |
| #2963 | Axis points, slip-wall normals and moving donor volumes |
| #2964 | Periodic volumes, neighbor counts, sensors, stencils and
coarse flags |
| #2965 | Streamwise periodicity, auxiliary gradients and flamelet
metadata |
| #2966 | Inverse affine transforms in the parser and FEM |
| #2968 | Diagnostics for unsupported periodic solver combinations |
| #2969 | Translated wall-distance images |

The other bug-fix PRs are drafts with their remaining validation and
implementation limits documented. Their grouping does not imply a linear
merge order; #2963 depends on this PR.

The fully coupled implicit operator proposed in #2967 is a separate
experimental enhancement. It has been closed and deferred because no
overall benefit has been established and convergence/validation issues
remain. This PR retains the existing implicit approximation.

Three fixes for rotational periodic boundaries, one commit each. The
test cases are in the comment below.

- **Implicit runs:** the Jacobian block that a periodic point gets from
its match was rotated on one side only. It is now rotated on both sides.
- **Multigrid:** the coarse levels did not rotate the velocity, so the
run did not converge. The velocity is now rotated on all levels.
- **Limiters:** the limiters of the velocity components were rotated
like a vector, but they are separate numbers. On the periodic boundary
one velocity component became first order, and limiters could be
negative. Each side now sends the velocity bounds and reconstruction
increments in the frame of the other side, so each limiter uses the
complete stencil. Nothing changes for a translation.

New tests `periodic2d_no_limiter` and `periodic2d_multigrid`;
`periodic2d` is now also in the MPI regression. Their x86 reference
values pass in CI.

Existing reference values that change: `aachen_turbine_restart`,
`jones_turbocharger_restart` and `multi_interface` (rotational periodic,
the Jacobian block), and the hybrid `periodic2d` (the Jacobian block and
the limiters). The x86 periodic tests and the other changed cases pass
in CI; the Jones restart residual references were refreshed from the
serial, MPI and hybrid CI logs. The aarch64 references still need the CI
runs.

No conflict with #2945 and #2959. #2956 also changes the reference
values of `jones_turbocharger_restart`; whichever is merged second takes
them from the CI.

## Related Work

- #652 added the present implementation of the periodic boundaries.
- #1563 fixed the rotation in 2D and added the `periodic2D` case used
here.
- #1467, #763 and #1585 discuss the incomplete linear system at periodic
points; this PR keeps the existing approximation.

## PR Checklist

- [x] I am submitting my contribution to the develop branch.
- [x] My contribution generates no new compiler warnings (try with
--warnlevel=3 when using meson).
- [x] My contribution is commented and consistent with SU2 style
(https://su2code.github.io/docs_v7/Style-Guide/).
- [x] I used the pre-commit hook to prevent dirty commits and used
`pre-commit run --all` to format old commits.
- [x] I have added a test case that demonstrates my contribution, if
necessary.
- [ ] I have updated appropriate documentation (Tutorials, Docs Page,
config_template.cpp), if necessary.

---------

Co-authored-by: rois1995 <rauxa1995@hotmail.it>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Josh Kelly <81244680+joshkellyjak@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Nijso <bigfootedrockmidget@hotmail.com>