simstudioai · waleedlatif1 · May 22, 2026 · May 22, 2026 · May 22, 2026 · May 22, 2026
diff --git a/apps/docs/content/docs/en/self-hosting/environment-variables.mdx b/apps/docs/content/docs/en/self-hosting/environment-variables.mdx
@@ -66,11 +66,48 @@ import { Callout } from 'fumadocs-ui/components/callout'
 | `API_ENCRYPTION_KEY` | Encrypts stored API keys (32 hex chars): `openssl rand -hex 32` |
 | `COPILOT_API_KEY` | API key for copilot features |
 | `ADMIN_API_KEY` | Admin API key for GitOps operations |
-| `RESEND_API_KEY` | Email service for notifications |
 | `ALLOWED_LOGIN_DOMAINS` | Restrict signups to domains (comma-separated) |
 | `ALLOWED_LOGIN_EMAILS` | Restrict signups to specific emails (comma-separated) |
 | `DISABLE_REGISTRATION` | Set to `true` to disable new user signups |
 
+## Email Providers
+
+Configure one provider — the mailer auto-detects in priority order: **Resend → AWS SES → SMTP → Azure Communication Services**. If none are configured, emails are logged to the console instead.
+
+| Variable | Description |
+|----------|-------------|
+| `FROM_EMAIL_ADDRESS` | Sender address (e.g. `Sim <noreply@example.com>`). Falls back to `noreply@EMAIL_DOMAIN`. |
+| `EMAIL_DOMAIN` | Default domain when `FROM_EMAIL_ADDRESS` is unset |
+| `EMAIL_VERIFICATION_ENABLED` | Set to `true` to require email verification on signup |
+
+**Resend**
+
+| Variable | Description |
+|----------|-------------|
+| `RESEND_API_KEY` | API key from [resend.com](https://resend.com) |
+
+**AWS SES**
+
+| Variable | Description |
+|----------|-------------|
+| `AWS_SES_REGION` | AWS region for SES (e.g. `us-east-1`). Credentials are resolved through the standard AWS SDK provider chain (env vars, IRSA, ECS/EC2 instance role, SSO). |
+
+**SMTP** (works with MailHog, Postfix, SendGrid SMTP, etc.)
+
+| Variable | Description |
+|----------|-------------|
+| `SMTP_HOST` | SMTP server hostname |
+| `SMTP_PORT` | `465` for implicit TLS, `587` for STARTTLS, `25` for plain |
+| `SMTP_USER` | Optional — omit for unauthenticated relays |
+| `SMTP_PASS` | Optional — omit for unauthenticated relays |
+| `SMTP_SECURE` | Set to `true` to force TLS on connect; auto-true on port 465 |
+
+**Azure Communication Services**
+
+| Variable | Description |
+|----------|-------------|
+| `AZURE_ACS_CONNECTION_STRING` | Azure Communication Services connection string |
+
 ## Example .env
 
 ```bash

diff --git a/apps/sim/.env.example b/apps/sim/.env.example
@@ -19,8 +19,30 @@ INTERNAL_API_SECRET=your_internal_api_secret # Use `openssl rand -hex 32` to gen
 API_ENCRYPTION_KEY=your_api_encryption_key # Use `openssl rand -hex 32` to generate, used to encrypt api keys
 
 # Email Provider (Optional)
-# RESEND_API_KEY=  # Uncomment and add your key from https://resend.com to send actual emails
-                   # If left commented out, emails will be logged to console instead
+# Configure ONE provider — the mailer auto-detects in priority order:
+# Resend → AWS SES → SMTP → Azure Communication Services. If none are
+# configured, emails are logged to console instead.
+#
+# Resend
+# RESEND_API_KEY=                       # API key from https://resend.com
+#
+# AWS SES (credentials resolved via the standard AWS provider chain:
+# env vars, shared config, ECS/EKS task role, EC2 instance profile, SSO)
+# AWS_SES_REGION=us-east-1
+#
+# SMTP (works with MailHog locally: host=localhost port=1025, no auth)
+# SMTP_HOST=smtp.example.com
+# SMTP_PORT=587                         # 465 = implicit TLS, 587 = STARTTLS, 25 = plain
+# SMTP_USER=                            # Optional — omit for unauthenticated relays
+# SMTP_PASS=                            # Optional — omit for unauthenticated relays
+# SMTP_SECURE=                          # Set "true" to force TLS on connect; auto-true on port 465
+#
+# Azure Communication Services
+# AZURE_ACS_CONNECTION_STRING=
+#
+# Shared sender configuration
+# FROM_EMAIL_ADDRESS="Sim <noreply@example.com>"
+# EMAIL_DOMAIN=example.com              # Fallback when FROM_EMAIL_ADDRESS is unset
 
 # Local AI Models (Optional)
 # OLLAMA_URL=http://localhost:11434  # URL for local Ollama server - uncomment if using local models

diff --git a/apps/sim/lib/core/config/env.ts b/apps/sim/lib/core/config/env.ts
@@ -99,6 +99,12 @@ export const env = createEnv({
     PERSONAL_EMAIL_FROM:                   z.string().min(1).optional(),           // From address for personalized emails
     EMAIL_DOMAIN:                          z.string().min(1).optional(),           // Domain for sending emails (fallback when FROM_EMAIL_ADDRESS not set)
     AZURE_ACS_CONNECTION_STRING:           z.string().optional(),                  // Azure Communication Services connection string
+    AWS_SES_REGION:                        z.string().min(1).optional(),           // AWS region for SES (credentials resolved via default SDK provider chain)
+    SMTP_HOST:                             z.string().min(1).optional(),           // SMTP server hostname
+    SMTP_PORT:                             z.coerce.number().int().min(1).max(65535).optional(),
+    SMTP_USER:                             z.string().min(1).optional(),           // SMTP username
+    SMTP_PASS:                             z.string().min(1).optional(),           // SMTP password
+    SMTP_SECURE:                           z.boolean().optional(),                 // Force TLS on connect (defaults to true on port 465); read via envBoolean to handle string values from process.env
 
     // SMS & Messaging
     TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID:                    z.string().min(1).optional(),           // Twilio Account SID for SMS sending
@@ -555,3 +561,16 @@ export function envNumber(
   const parsed = Number(value)
   return Number.isFinite(parsed) && parsed >= min ? parsed : fallback
 }
+
+/**
+ * Coerce an env-derived value to a boolean. Returns `undefined` when unset
+ * so callers can apply context-aware defaults. Required because
+ * `Boolean("false") === true`, so `z.coerce.boolean()` would silently flip
+ * the meaning of `MY_FLAG=false`.
+ */
+export function envBoolean(value: boolean | string | undefined | null): boolean | undefined {
+  if (typeof value === 'boolean') return value
+  if (value === undefined || value === null || value === '') return undefined
+  const normalized = String(value).trim().toLowerCase()
+  return normalized === 'true' || normalized === '1' || normalized === 'yes' || normalized === 'on'
+}
diff --git a/apps/sim/lib/messaging/email/mailer.test.ts b/apps/sim/lib/messaging/email/mailer.test.ts
@@ -251,5 +251,19 @@ describe('mailer', () => {
 
       expect(isUnsubscribed).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
     })
+
+    it('should degrade isUnsubscribed rejections to per-entry failures', async () => {
+      ;(isUnsubscribed as Mock).mockRejectedValue(new Error('Database connection failed'))
+
+      const result = await sendBatchEmails({
+        emails: [
+          { ...testEmailOptions, to: 'user1@example.com', emailType: 'marketing' as EmailType },
+          { ...testEmailOptions, to: 'user2@example.com', emailType: 'marketing' as EmailType },
+        ],
+      })
+
+      expect(result.results).toHaveLength(2)
+      expect(result.results.every((r) => r.success === false)).toBe(true)
+    })
   })
 })