python · vstinner · Aug 7, 2026 · Aug 7, 2026 · Aug 7, 2026 · Aug 7, 2026
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_interp_structs.h b/Include/internal/pycore_interp_structs.h
@@ -823,6 +823,17 @@ typedef _Py_CODEUNIT *(*_PyJitEntryFuncPtr)(struct _PyExecutorObject *exec, _PyI
 
 #define _PyInterpreterGuard_GUARDS_NOT_ALLOWED UINTPTR_MAX
 
+typedef struct {
+    PyTypeObject *async_gen_hooks_type;
+    PyTypeObject *flags_type;
+#if defined(MS_WINDOWS)
+    PyTypeObject *windows_version_type;
+#endif
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+    PyTypeObject *emscripten_info_type;
+#endif
+} _PySys_State;
+
 /* PyInterpreterState holds the global state for one of the runtime's
    interpreters.  Typically the initial (main) interpreter is the only one.
 
@@ -899,6 +910,7 @@ struct _is {
 
     // Dictionary of the sys module
     PyObject *sysdict;
+    _PySys_State sys_state;
 
     // Dictionary of the builtins module
     PyObject *builtins;

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ extern PyStatus _PySys_Create(
 extern PyStatus _PySys_ReadPreinitWarnOptions(PyWideStringList *options);
 extern PyStatus _PySys_ReadPreinitXOptions(PyConfig *config);
 extern int _PySys_UpdateConfig(PyThreadState *tstate);
-extern void _PySys_FiniTypes(PyInterpreterState *interp);
+extern void _PySys_Fini(PyInterpreterState *interp);
 extern int _PyBuiltins_AddExceptions(PyObject * bltinmod);
 extern PyStatus _Py_HashRandomization_Init(const PyConfig *);
 

diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_structseq.h b/Include/internal/pycore_structseq.h
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ extern "C" {
 // Export for '_curses' shared extension
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyTypeObject*) _PyStructSequence_NewType(
     PyStructSequence_Desc *desc,
-    unsigned long tp_flags);
+    unsigned long tp_flags,
+    int deprecate_tuple_api);
 
 extern int _PyStructSequence_InitBuiltinWithFlags(
     PyInterpreterState *interp,

@@ -358,10 +358,10 @@ def __ror__(self, other):
 except ImportError:
     _tuplegetter = lambda index, doc: property(_itemgetter(index), doc=doc)
 
-def namedtuple(typename, field_names, *, rename=False, defaults=None, module=None):
+def namedtuple(typename, field_names, *, rename=False, defaults=None, module=None, deprecate_tuple_api=True):
     """Returns a new subclass of tuple with named fields.
 
-    >>> Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])
+    >>> Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'], deprecate_tuple_api=False)
     >>> Point.__doc__                   # docstring for the new class
     'Point(x, y)'
     >>> p = Point(11, y=22)             # instantiate with positional args or keywords
@@ -512,6 +512,15 @@ def __getnewargs__(self):
         doc = _sys.intern(f'Alias for field number {index}')
         class_namespace[name] = _tuplegetter(index, doc)
 
+    if deprecate_tuple_api:
+        def __getitem__(self, key):
+            import warnings
+            warnings.warn('tuple API is deprecated, use named attributes',
+                          DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return tuple.__getitem__(self, key)
+
+        class_namespace['__getitem__'] = __getitem__
+
     result = type(typename, (tuple,), class_namespace)
 
     # For pickling to work, the __module__ variable needs to be set to the frame

diff --git a/Lib/difflib.py b/Lib/difflib.py
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ def ratio(self):
         1.0
         """
 
-        matches = sum(triple[-1] for triple in self.get_matching_blocks())
+        matches = sum(triple.size for triple in self.get_matching_blocks())
         return _calculate_ratio(matches, len(self.a) + len(self.b))
 
     def quick_ratio(self):

diff --git a/Lib/getpass.py b/Lib/getpass.py
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ def getuser():
 
     try:
         import pwd
-        return pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0]
+        return pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid()).pw_name
     except (ImportError, KeyError) as e:
         raise OSError('No username set in the environment') from e
 

diff --git a/Lib/http/cookiejar.py b/Lib/http/cookiejar.py
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ def request_host(request):
 
     """
     url = request.get_full_url()
-    host = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)[1]
+    host = urllib.parse.urlparse(url).netloc
     if host == "":
         host = request.get_header("Host", "")
 

diff --git a/Lib/http/server.py b/Lib/http/server.py
@@ -796,8 +796,8 @@ def send_head(self):
             if not parts.path.endswith(('/', '%2f', '%2F')):
                 # redirect browser - doing basically what apache does
                 self.send_response(HTTPStatus.MOVED_PERMANENTLY)
-                new_parts = (parts[0], parts[1], parts[2] + '/',
-                             parts[3], parts[4])
+                new_parts = (parts.scheme, parts.netloc, parts.path + '/',
+                             parts.query, parts.fragment)
                 new_url = urllib.parse.urlunsplit(new_parts)
                 self.send_header("Location", new_url)
                 self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ def send_head(self):
 
             self.send_response(HTTPStatus.OK)
             self.send_header("Content-type", ctype)
-            self.send_header("Content-Length", str(fs[6]))
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", str(fs.st_size))
             self.send_header("Last-Modified",
                 self.date_time_string(fs.st_mtime))
             self._send_extra_response_headers()

diff --git a/Lib/inspect.py b/Lib/inspect.py
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ def getmembers_static(object, predicate=None):
     """
     return _getmembers(object, predicate, getattr_static)
 
-Attribute = namedtuple('Attribute', 'name kind defining_class object')
+Attribute = namedtuple('Attribute', 'name kind defining_class object', deprecate_tuple_api=False)
 
 def classify_class_attrs(cls):
     """Return list of attribute-descriptor tuples.
@@ -1643,7 +1643,7 @@ def getlineno(frame):
     """Get the line number from a frame object, allowing for optimization."""
     return frame.f_lineno
 
-_FrameInfo = namedtuple('_FrameInfo', ('frame',) + Traceback._fields)
+_FrameInfo = namedtuple('_FrameInfo', ('frame',) + Traceback._fields, deprecate_tuple_api=False)
 class FrameInfo(_FrameInfo):
     def __new__(cls, frame, filename, lineno, function, code_context, index, *, positions=None):
         instance = super().__new__(cls, frame, filename, lineno, function, code_context, index)

@@ -2022,7 +2022,7 @@ def output(self):
         return self._output or sys.stdout
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        if inspect.stack()[1][3] == '?':
+        if inspect.stack()[1].function == '?':
             self()
             return ''
         return '<%s.%s instance>' % (self.__class__.__module__,

@@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ def _get_gid(name):
     except KeyError:
         result = None
     if result is not None:
-        return result[2]
+        return result.gr_gid
     return None
 
 def _get_uid(name):
@@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ def _get_uid(name):
     except KeyError:
         result = None
     if result is not None:
-        return result[2]
+        return result.pw_uid
     return None
 
 def _make_tarball(base_name, base_dir, compress="gzip", verbose=0, dry_run=0,

@@ -2282,14 +2282,14 @@ def gettarinfo(self, name=None, arcname=None, fileobj=None):
         if pwd:
             if tarinfo.uid not in self._unames:
                 try:
-                    self._unames[tarinfo.uid] = pwd.getpwuid(tarinfo.uid)[0]
+                    self._unames[tarinfo.uid] = pwd.getpwuid(tarinfo.uid).pw_name
                 except KeyError:
                     self._unames[tarinfo.uid] = ''
             tarinfo.uname = self._unames[tarinfo.uid]
         if grp:
             if tarinfo.gid not in self._gnames:
                 try:
-                    self._gnames[tarinfo.gid] = grp.getgrgid(tarinfo.gid)[0]
+                    self._gnames[tarinfo.gid] = grp.getgrgid(tarinfo.gid).gr_name
                 except KeyError:
                     self._gnames[tarinfo.gid] = ''
             tarinfo.gname = self._gnames[tarinfo.gid]
@@ -2837,12 +2837,12 @@ def chown(self, tarinfo, targetpath, numeric_owner):
             if not numeric_owner:
                 try:
                     if grp and tarinfo.gname:
-                        g = grp.getgrnam(tarinfo.gname)[2]
+                        g = grp.getgrnam(tarinfo.gname).gr_gid
                 except KeyError:
                     pass
                 try:
                     if pwd and tarinfo.uname:
-                        u = pwd.getpwnam(tarinfo.uname)[2]
+                        u = pwd.getpwnam(tarinfo.uname).pw_uid
                 except KeyError:
                     pass
             if g is None:

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def translate_path(self, path):
 
         """
         # abandon query parameters
-        path = urllib.parse.urlparse(path)[2]
+        path = urllib.parse.urlparse(path).path
         path = os.path.normpath(urllib.parse.unquote(path))
         words = path.split('/')
         words = filter(None, words)

diff --git a/Lib/test/support/__init__.py b/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
@@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ def open_urlresource(url, *args, **kw):
 
     check = kw.pop('check', None)
 
-    filename = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)[2].split('/')[-1] # '/': it's URL!
+    filename = urllib.parse.urlparse(url).path.split('/')[-1] # '/': it's URL!
 
     fn = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, filename)
 

@@ -1108,7 +1108,8 @@ def run_cli_ok(self, *args):
         return stdout.buffer.read()
 
     def run_cmd_ok(self, *args):
-        return assert_python_ok('-m', 'calendar', *args)[1]
+        proc = assert_python_ok('-m', 'calendar', *args)
+        return proc.out
 
     def assertCLIFails(self, *args):
         with self.captured_stderr_with_buffer() as stderr:

@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ def __ror__(self, other):
 class TestNamedTuple(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_factory(self):
-        Point = namedtuple('Point', 'x y')
+        Point = namedtuple('Point', 'x y', deprecate_tuple_api=False)
         self.assertEqual(Point.__name__, 'Point')
         self.assertEqual(Point.__slots__, ())
         self.assertEqual(Point.__module__, __name__)
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ def test_defaults(self):
         self.assertEqual(Point(), (10, 20))
 
     def test_readonly(self):
-        Point = namedtuple('Point', 'x y')
+        Point = namedtuple('Point', 'x y', deprecate_tuple_api=False)
         p = Point(11, 22)
         with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
             p.x = 33
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ def test_instance(self):
         self.assertEqual(repr(p), 'Point(x=11, y=22)')
 
     def test_tupleness(self):
-        Point = namedtuple('Point', 'x y')
+        Point = namedtuple('Point', 'x y', deprecate_tuple_api=False)
         p = Point(11, 22)
 
         self.assertIsInstance(p, tuple)

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 import sys
 import textwrap
 import unittest
+import warnings
 from unittest.mock import Mock
 from typing import ClassVar, Any, List, Union, Tuple, Dict, Generic, TypeVar, Optional, Protocol, DefaultDict
 from typing import get_type_hints
@@ -1779,7 +1780,9 @@ class C:
 
         # Make sure that the returned dicts are actually OrderedDicts.
         self.assertIs(type(d), OrderedDict)
-        self.assertIs(type(d['y'][1]), OrderedDict)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(category=DeprecationWarning):
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", category=DeprecationWarning)
+            self.assertIs(type(d['y'][1]), OrderedDict)
 
     def test_helper_asdict_namedtuple_key(self):
         # Ensure that a field that contains a dict which has a

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_getpass.py b/Lib/test/test_getpass.py
@@ -39,10 +39,13 @@ def test_username_falls_back_to_pwd(self, environ):
         expected_name = 'some_name'
         environ.get.return_value = None
         if pwd:
+            class User:
+                pass
             with mock.patch('os.getuid') as uid, \
                     mock.patch('pwd.getpwuid') as getpw:
                 uid.return_value = 42
-                getpw.return_value = [expected_name]
+                getpw.return_value = User()
+                getpw.return_value.pw_name = expected_name
                 self.assertEqual(expected_name,
                                  getpass.getuser())
                 getpw.assert_called_once_with(42)

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_grp.py b/Lib/test/test_grp.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 import string
 import sys
 import unittest
+import warnings
 from test.support import import_helper
 
 
@@ -14,16 +15,19 @@ class GroupDatabaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def check_value(self, value):
         # check that a grp tuple has the entries and
         # attributes promised by the docs
-        self.assertEqual(len(value), 4)
-        self.assertEqual(value[0], value.gr_name)
         self.assertIsInstance(value.gr_name, str)
-        self.assertEqual(value[1], value.gr_passwd)
         self.assertIsInstance(value.gr_passwd, str)
-        self.assertEqual(value[2], value.gr_gid)
         self.assertIsInstance(value.gr_gid, int)
-        self.assertEqual(value[3], value.gr_mem)
         self.assertIsInstance(value.gr_mem, list)
 
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(category=DeprecationWarning):
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", category=DeprecationWarning)
+            self.assertEqual(len(value), 4)
+            self.assertEqual(value[0], value.gr_name)
+            self.assertEqual(value[1], value.gr_passwd)
+            self.assertEqual(value[2], value.gr_gid)
+            self.assertEqual(value[3], value.gr_mem)
+
     def test_values(self):
         entries = grp.getgrall()
 

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_hash.py b/Lib/test/test_hash.py
@@ -182,10 +182,10 @@ def get_hash(self, repr_, seed=None):
             env['PYTHONHASHSEED'] = str(seed)
         else:
             env.pop('PYTHONHASHSEED', None)
-        out = assert_python_ok(
+        proc = assert_python_ok(
             '-c', self.get_hash_command(repr_),
             **env)
-        stdout = out[1].strip()
+        stdout = proc.out.strip()
         return int(stdout)
 
     def test_randomized_hash(self):