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gh-151788: Speed up http.server directory listing by using os.scandir()#151789

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gh-151788: Speed up http.server directory listing by using os.scandir()#151789
mjbommar wants to merge 3 commits into
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SimpleHTTPRequestHandler.list_directory() called os.path.isdir() (a stat) and os.path.islink() (an lstat) for every entry — two stat-family syscalls per file. That is wasted work on any filesystem and dominates listing time for large directories; on network filesystems such as NFS, where each call is a round-trip, it becomes severe.

This switches to os.scandir(), whose DirEntry objects report the entry type from the directory read itself (POSIX d_type / NFS READDIRPLUS), eliminating the per-entry stats in the common case. CPython already made this exact migration for os.walk(), glob, and pathlib.Path.iterdir() (gh-117727); http.server was simply missed.

Behavior preserved

DirEntry.is_dir() / is_symlink() match os.path.isdir / os.path.islink semantics — same follow-symlinks behavior and same return-False-on-error behavior — verified across real dirs/files, symlink-to-dir (still rendered with @ but linked with /), symlink-to-file, and broken symlinks. The existing Lib/test/test_httpservers.py suite passes unchanged (92/92), including the undecodable/unencodable filename cases that exercise surrogate-escaped names.

Benchmark

Directory with 1000 files + 1000 dirs:

value
stat-family syscalls (strace), old 4088
stat-family syscalls, new 88 (constant interpreter startup; per-entry loop ≈ 0)
local filesystem wall-clock ~10× faster
emulated NFS (per-stat latency injected) listing drops from seconds to ~2 ms

Caveat (no overselling): the large NFS figures assume the filesystem reports entry types in the directory read (d_type; local filesystems and NFS with READDIRPLUS, the Linux default). If a mount returns DT_UNKNOWN, os.scandir() falls back to one cached lstat per entry — still fewer calls than today, and never worse.


This PR was prepared with AI assistance (Claude Code). I reviewed the change and benchmarks and can explain it in my own words.

…candir

SimpleHTTPRequestHandler.list_directory() called os.path.isdir() and
os.path.islink() for every entry, issuing two stat-family syscalls per
file. This is wasted work on any filesystem and dominates listing time
for large directories; on network filesystems such as NFS, where each
call is a round-trip, it becomes severe.

Use os.scandir(), whose DirEntry objects report the type from the
directory read itself (d_type / READDIRPLUS), eliminating the per-entry
stats in the common case and never doing more work than before.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Comment thread Lib/http/server.py Outdated
Comment on lines +905 to +907
# Append / for directories or @ for symbolic links.
# Use cached os.DirEntry methods to avoid a stat() per entry,
# which is costly on network filesystems such as NFS.

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Don't change this. The performance comment is unnecessary because it's not meant to be used in production.

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
Speed up :class:`http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler` directory listings by

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There is no need for a NEWS entry in this case.

Comment thread Lib/http/server.py Outdated
displayname = name + "/"
linkname = name + "/"
if os.path.islink(fullname):
if entry.is_symlink():

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Actually, those methods can raise exceptions while their os.path counter do not. So I'm not that convinced.

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@bedevere-app

bedevere-app Bot commented Jun 20, 2026

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A Python core developer has requested some changes be made to your pull request before we can consider merging it. If you could please address their requests along with any other requests in other reviews from core developers that would be appreciated.

Once you have made the requested changes, please leave a comment on this pull request containing the phrase I have made the requested changes; please review again. I will then notify any core developers who have left a review that you're ready for them to take another look at this pull request.

mjbommar and others added 2 commits June 20, 2026 14:55
- Wrap entry.is_dir()/is_symlink() in try/except OSError, falling back to
  False to exactly mirror os.path.isdir()/islink() (matches os.walk()).
- Reword the NEWS entry to avoid speedup-multiplier claims; describe it as
  improving list_directory() on systems with slow stat calls.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
- Remove the performance rationale from the inline comment; keep only the
  note explaining the OSError fallback (correctness, not performance).
- Reword the NEWS entry to state the mechanism without magnitude claims.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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