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asyncio.create_unix_server has an off-by-one error concerning the backlog parameter #90871

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@jnsnow
mannequin
BPO 46715
Nosy @asvetlov, @1st1, @jnsnow
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  • issue.patch
  • Note: these values reflect the state of the issue at the time it was migrated and might not reflect the current state.

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    GitHub fields:

    assignee = None
    closed_at = None
    created_at = <Date 2022-02-10.21:24:35.963>
    labels = ['type-bug', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.7', 'expert-asyncio']
    title = 'asyncio.create_unix_server has an off-by-one error concerning the backlog parameter'
    updated_at = <Date 2022-02-10.21:24:35.963>
    user = 'https://github.com/jnsnow'

    bugs.python.org fields:

    activity = <Date 2022-02-10.21:24:35.963>
    actor = 'jnsnow'
    assignee = 'none'
    closed = False
    closed_date = None
    closer = None
    components = ['asyncio']
    creation = <Date 2022-02-10.21:24:35.963>
    creator = 'jnsnow'
    dependencies = []
    files = ['50618']
    hgrepos = []
    issue_num = 46715
    keywords = ['patch']
    message_count = 1.0
    messages = ['413025']
    nosy_count = 3.0
    nosy_names = ['asvetlov', 'yselivanov', 'jnsnow']
    pr_nums = []
    priority = 'normal'
    resolution = None
    stage = None
    status = 'open'
    superseder = None
    type = 'behavior'
    url = 'https://bugs.python.org/issue46715'
    versions = ['Python 3.7', 'Python 3.8', 'Python 3.9', 'Python 3.10', 'Python 3.11']

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    1. jnsnow commented on Feb 10, 2022

      jnsnowmannequin
      MannequinAuthor

      Hi, asyncio.create_unix_server appears to treat the "backlog" parameter as where 0 means that *no connection will ever possibly be pending*, which (at the very least for UNIX sockets on my machine) is untrue.

      Consider a (non-asyncio) server:

      import os, socket, sys, time
      
      sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
      sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
      sock.bind('test.sock')
      
      sock.listen(backlog=0)
      
      while True:
          print('.', end='', file=sys.stderr)
          time.sleep(1)

      This server never calls accept(), and uses a backlog of zero. However, a client can actually still successfully call connect against such a server:

      import os, socket, time
      
      sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
      sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
      sock.setblocking(False)
      
      sock.connect('test.sock')
      print("Connected!")

      When run against the server example, the first invocation of this client will actually connect successfully (Surprising, but that's how the C syscalls work too, so... alright) but the second invocation of this client will raise BlockingIOError (EAGAIN).

      Further, if we amend the first server example to actually call accept(), it will succeed when the first client connects -- demonstrating that the actual total queue length here was actually effectively 1, not 0.

      (i.e. there's always room for at least one connection to be considered, and the backlog counts everybody else.)

      However, in asyncio.BaseSelectorEventLoop._accept_connection(...), the code uses for _ in range(backlog) to determine the maximum number of accept calls to make. When backlog is set to zero, this means we will never call accept, even when there are pending connections.

      Note that when backlog=1, this actually allows for *two* pending connections before clients are rejected, but this loop will only fire once. This behavior is surprising, because backlog==0 means we'll accept no clients, but backlog==1 means we will allow for two to enqueue before accepting both. There is seemingly no way with asyncio to actually specify "Exactly one pending connection".

      I think this loop should be amended to reflect the actual truth of the backlog parameter, and it should iterate over backlog + 1. This does necessitate a change to [Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_selector_events.py](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_selector_events.py) which believes that backlog=100 means that accept() should be called 100 times (instead of 101.)

      A (very) simple fix is attached here; if it seems sound, I can spin a real PR on GitHub.

    2. 12 remaining items

    3. jnsnow commented on Jun 26, 2024

      @jnsnow
      Author

      Next action: Create a test for backlog 0 and 1 behavior.

      Whoops, I forgot about this one, my apologies... If you haven't picked this up already, what are steps I need to take to submit a contribution? IIRC, there's a CLA ...? (Or something like a CLA...?)

    4. willingc commented on Jun 28, 2024

      @willingc
      Contributor

      Hi @jnsnow, No worries. If you want to work on this, just leave a message here. The devguide.python.org has details on Python contribution.

      Regarding the CLA, a bot will ask you to sign it when you submit a PR. https://devguide.python.org/getting-started/pull-request-lifecycle/#licensing

      Thanks!

    5. added a commit that references this issue on May 21, 2025
    6. moved this from Todo to Done in asyncioon May 21, 2025
    7. added a commit that references this issue on May 21, 2025
    8. added a commit that references this issue on May 21, 2025
    9. added a commit that references this issue on May 26, 2025
    10. added a commit that references this issue on Jul 12, 2025
    11. added a commit that references this issue on Aug 4, 2025
    12. added a commit that references this issue on Dec 15, 2025
    13. added a commit that references this issue on Dec 15, 2025
    14. added a commit that references this issue on Jun 2, 2026
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