dabeaz-course · dabeaz · May 29, 2020 · May 29, 2020 · May 29, 2020 · May 29, 2020
diff --git a/Notes/00_Setup.md b/Notes/00_Setup.md
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ exercises.  Feel free to look at this if you need a hint.  To get the
 most out of the course however, you should try to create your own
 solutions first.
 
-[Contents](Contents)
+[Contents](Contents.md)
 
 
 

diff --git a/Notes/01_Introduction/00_Overview.md b/Notes/01_Introduction/00_Overview.md
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@
 The goal of this first section is to introduce some Python basics from
 the ground up.  Starting with nothing, you'll learn how to edit, run,
 and debug small programs. Ultimately, you'll write a short script that
-reads a CSV data file and performs a simple calculation.  
+reads a CSV data file and performs a simple calculation.
 
-* [1.1 Introducing Python](01_Python)
-* [1.2 A First Program](02_Hello_world)
-* [1.3 Numbers](03_Numbers)
-* [1.4 Strings](04_Strings)
-* [1.5 Lists](05_Lists)
-* [1.6 Files](06_Files)
-* [1.7 Functions](07_Functions)
+* [1.1 Introducing Python](01_Python.md)
+* [1.2 A First Program](02_Hello_world.md)
+* [1.3 Numbers](03_Numbers.md)
+* [1.4 Strings](04_Strings.md)
+* [1.5 Lists](05_Lists.md)
+* [1.6 Files](06_Files.md)
+* [1.7 Functions](07_Functions.md)
 
-[Contents](../Contents)
+[Contents](../Contents.md)
 
diff --git a/Notes/01_Introduction/01_Python.md b/Notes/01_Introduction/01_Python.md
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Next (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Next (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world.md)
 
 # 1.1 Python
 
 ### What is Python?
 
 Python is an interpreted high level programming language.  It is often classified as a
-["scripting language"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripting_language) and 
+["scripting language"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripting_language) and
 is considered similar to languages such as Perl, Tcl, or Ruby.  The syntax
 of Python is loosely inspired by elements of C programming.
 
@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ able to type `python` like this:
 
 ```
 bash $ python
-Python 3.8.1 (default, Feb 20 2020, 09:29:22) 
+Python 3.8.1 (default, Feb 20 2020, 09:29:22)
 [Clang 10.0.0 (clang-1000.10.44.4)] on darwin
 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
 >>> print("hello world")
 hello world
->>> 
+>>>
 ```
 
 If you are new to using the shell or a terminal, you should probably
@@ -187,5 +187,5 @@ exercise work. For example:
 If you can't make this work, don't worry about it.  The rest of this course
 has nothing to do with parsing XML.
 
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Next (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Next (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world.md)
 
diff --git a/Notes/01_Introduction/02_Hello_world.md b/Notes/01_Introduction/02_Hello_world.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.1 Python)](01_Python) \| [Next (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.1 Python)](01_Python.md) \| [Next (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers.md)
 
 # 1.2 A First Program
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ hello world
 This so-called *read-eval-print-loop* (or REPL) is very useful for debugging and exploration.
 
 **STOP**: If you can't figure out how to interact with Python, stop what you're doing
-and figure out how to do it.  If you're using an IDE, it might be hidden behind a 
+and figure out how to do it.  If you're using an IDE, it might be hidden behind a
 menu option or other window.  Many parts of this course assume that you can
 interact with the interpreter.
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Let's take a closer look at the elements of the REPL:
 The `...` prompt may or may not be shown depending on your environment. For this course,
 it is shown as blanks to make it easier to cut/paste code samples.
 
-The underscore `_` holds the last result. 
+The underscore `_` holds the last result.
 
 ```python
 >>> 37 * 42
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ C:\SomeFolder>c:\python36\python hello.py
 hello world
 ```
 
-Note: On Windows, you may need to specify a full path to the Python interpreter such as `c:\python36\python`.  
+Note: On Windows, you may need to specify a full path to the Python interpreter such as `c:\python36\python`.
 However, if Python is installed in its usual way, you might be able to just type the name of the program
 such as `hello.py`.
 
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ Indentation groups the following statements together as the operations that repe
     num_bills = num_bills * 2
 ```
 
-Because the `print()` statement at the end is not indented, it 
+Because the `print()` statement at the end is not indented, it
 does not belong to the loop. The empty line is just for
 readability. It does not affect the execution.
 
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ readability. It does not affect the execution.
 * Use 4 spaces per level.
 * Use a Python-aware editor.
 
-Python's only requirement is that indentation within the same block 
+Python's only requirement is that indentation within the same block
 be consistent.   For example, this is an error:
 
 ```python
@@ -464,12 +464,12 @@ NameError: name 'days' is not defined
 Reading error messages is an important part of Python code. If your program
 crashes, the very last line of the traceback message is the actual reason why the
 the program crashed. Above that, you should see a fragment of source code and then
-an identifying filename and line number. 
+an identifying filename and line number.
 
 * Which line is the error?
 * What is the error?
 * Fix the error
 * Run the program successfully
 
 
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.1 Python)](01_Python) \| [Next (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.1 Python)](01_Python.md) \| [Next (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers.md)
diff --git a/Notes/01_Introduction/03_Numbers.md b/Notes/01_Introduction/03_Numbers.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world) \| [Next (1.4 Strings)](04_Strings)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world.md) \| [Next (1.4 Strings)](04_Strings.md)
 
-# 1.3 Numbers 
+# 1.3 Numbers
 
 This section discusses mathematical calculations.
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ x / y      Divide (produces a float)
 x // y     Floor Divide (produces an integer)
 x % y      Modulo (remainder)
 x ** y     Power
-x << n     Bit shift left  
+x << n     Bit shift left
 x >> n     Bit shift right
 x & y      Bit-wise AND
 x | y      Bit-wise OR
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ Try it out.
 ## Exercises
 
 Reminder: These exercises assume you are working in the `practical-python/Work` directory. Look
-for the file `mortgage.py`. 
+for the file `mortgage.py`.
 
 ### Exercise 1.7: Dave's mortgage
 
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ How much will Dave pay if he pays an extra $1000/month for 4 years starting in y
 
 ### Exercise 1.10: Making a table
 
-Modify the program to print out a table showing the month, total paid so far, and the remaining principal. 
+Modify the program to print out a table showing the month, total paid so far, and the remaining principal.
 The output should look something like this:
 
 ```bash
@@ -264,4 +264,4 @@ True
 >>>
 ```
 
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world) \| [Next (1.4 Strings)](04_Strings)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.2 A First Program)](02_Hello_world.md) \| [Next (1.4 Strings)](04_Strings.md)
diff --git a/Notes/01_Introduction/04_Strings.md b/Notes/01_Introduction/04_Strings.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers) \| [Next (1.5 Lists)](05_Lists)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers.md) \| [Next (1.5 Lists)](05_Lists.md)
 
 # 1.4 Strings
 
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ Verify this by trying to change the first character of `symbols` to a lower-case
 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
 TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
->>> 
+>>>
 ```
 
 ### Exercise 1.14: String concatenation
@@ -408,18 +408,18 @@ To do that, use an f-string. For example:
 >>> price = 91.1
 >>> f'{shares} shares of {name} at ${price:0.2f}'
 '100 shares of IBM at $91.10'
->>> 
+>>>
 ```
 
-Modify the `mortgage.py` program from [Exercise 1.10](03_Numbers) to create its output using f-strings.
+Modify the `mortgage.py` program from [Exercise 1.10](03_Numbers.md) to create its output using f-strings.
 Try to make it so that output is nicely aligned.
 
 
 ### Exercise 1.18: Regular Expressions
 
 One limitation of the basic string operations is that they don't
 support any kind of advanced pattern matching.  For that, you
-need to turn to Python's `re` module and regular expressions.  
+need to turn to Python's `re` module and regular expressions.
 Regular expression handling is a big topic, but here is a short
 example:
 
@@ -485,4 +485,4 @@ upper(...)
 >>>
 ```
 
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers) \| [Next (1.5 Lists)](05_Lists)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.3 Numbers)](03_Numbers.md) \| [Next (1.5 Lists)](05_Lists.md)
diff --git a/Notes/01_Introduction/05_Lists.md b/Notes/01_Introduction/05_Lists.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.4 Strings)](04_Strings) \| [Next (1.6 Files)](06_Files)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.4 Strings)](04_Strings.md) \| [Next (1.6 Files)](06_Files.md)
 
 # 1.5 Lists
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ for name in names:
 
 This is similar to a `foreach` statement from other programming languages.
 
-To find the position of something quickly, use `index()`. 
+To find the position of something quickly, use `index()`.
 
 ```python
 names = ['Elwood','Jake','Curtis']
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ Use the `append()` method to add the symbol `'RHT'` to end of `symlist`.
 >>> # append 'RHT'
 >>> symlist
 ['HPQ', 'AAPL', 'AIG', 'MSFT', 'YHOO', 'GOOG', 'RHT']
->>> 
+>>>
 ```
 
 Use the `insert()` method to insert the symbol `'AA'` as the second item in the list.
@@ -411,4 +411,4 @@ example, a list that consists entirely of numbers or a list of text
 strings.  Mixing different kinds of data together in the same list is
 often a good way to make your head explode so it's best avoided.
 
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.4 Strings)](04_Strings) \| [Next (1.6 Files)](06_Files)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.4 Strings)](04_Strings.md) \| [Next (1.6 Files)](06_Files.md)
diff --git a/Notes/01_Introduction/06_Files.md b/Notes/01_Introduction/06_Files.md
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.5 Lists)](05_Lists) \| [Next (1.7 Functions)](07_Functions)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.5 Lists)](05_Lists.md) \| [Next (1.7 Functions)](07_Functions.md)
 
 # 1.6 File Management
 
-Most programs need to read input from somewhere. This section discusses file access. 
+Most programs need to read input from somewhere. This section discusses file access.
 
 ### File Input and Output
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Read a file line-by-line by iterating.
 ```python
 with open(filename, 'rt') as file:
     for line in file:
-        # Process the line 
+        # Process the line
 ```
 
 ### Common Idioms for Writing to a File
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ of column headers).
 >>>
 ```
 
-`next()` returns the next line of text in the file. If you were to call it repeatedly, you would get successive lines. 
+`next()` returns the next line of text in the file. If you were to call it repeatedly, you would get successive lines.
 However, just so you know, the `for` loop already uses `next()` to obtain its data.
 Thus, you normally wouldn’t call it directly unless you’re trying to explicitly skip or read a single line as shown.
 
@@ -234,12 +234,12 @@ Data scientists are quick to point out that libraries like
 [Pandas](https://pandas.pydata.org) already have a function for
 reading CSV files.  This is true--and it works pretty well.
 However, this is not a course on learning Pandas. Reading files
-is a more general problem than the specifics of CSV files. 
+is a more general problem than the specifics of CSV files.
 The main reason we're working with a CSV file is that it's a
 familiar format to most coders and it's relatively easy to work with
 directly--illustrating many Python features in the process.
 So, by all means use Pandas when you go back to work.  For the
 rest of this course however, we're going to stick with standard
 Python functionality.
 
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.5 Lists)](05_Lists) \| [Next (1.7 Functions)](07_Functions)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.5 Lists)](05_Lists.md) \| [Next (1.7 Functions)](07_Functions.md)
diff --git a/Notes/01_Introduction/07_Functions.md b/Notes/01_Introduction/07_Functions.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.6 Files)](06_Files) \| [Next (2.0 Working with Data)](../02_Working_with_data/00_Overview)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.6 Files)](06_Files.md) \| [Next (2.0 Working with Data)](../02_Working_with_data/00_Overview.md)
 
 # 1.7 Functions
 
@@ -41,15 +41,15 @@ import math
 x = math.sqrt(10)
 
 import urllib.request
-u = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.python.org/') 
+u = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.python.org/')
 data = u.read()
 ```
 
 We will cover libraries and modules in more detail later.
 
 ### Errors and exceptions
 
-Functions report errors as exceptions.  An exception causes a function to abort and may 
+Functions report errors as exceptions.  An exception causes a function to abort and may
 cause your entire program to stop if unhandled.
 
 Try this in your python REPL.
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Try typing a command such as `help(greeting)` to see it displayed.
 
 ### Exercise 1.30: Turning a script into a function
 
-Take the code you wrote for the `pcost.py` program in [Exercise 1.27](06_Files) 
+Take the code you wrote for the `pcost.py` program in [Exercise 1.27](06_Files.md)
 and turn it into a function `portfolio_cost(filename)`.  This
 function takes a filename as input, reads the portfolio data in that
 file, and returns the total cost of the portfolio as a float.
@@ -278,4 +278,4 @@ Total cost: 44671.15
 bash %
 ```
 
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.6 Files)](06_Files) \| [Next (2.0 Working with Data)](../02_Working_with_data/00_Overview)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.6 Files)](06_Files.md) \| [Next (2.0 Working with Data)](../02_Working_with_data/00_Overview.md)
diff --git a/Notes/02_Working_with_data/00_Overview.md b/Notes/02_Working_with_data/00_Overview.md
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ lists, sets, and dictionaries and discusses common data handling
 idioms.  The last part of this section dives a little deeper
 into Python's underlying object model.
 
-* [2.1 Datatypes and Data Structures](01_Datatypes)
-* [2.2 Containers](02_Containers)
-* [2.3 Formatted Output](03_Formatting)
-* [2.4 Sequences](04_Sequences)
-* [2.5 Collections module](05_Collections)
-* [2.6 List comprehensions](06_List_comprehension)
-* [2.7 Object model](07_Objects)
+* [2.1 Datatypes and Data Structures](01_Datatypes.md)
+* [2.2 Containers](02_Containers.md)
+* [2.3 Formatted Output](03_Formatting.md)
+* [2.4 Sequences](04_Sequences.md)
+* [2.5 Collections module](05_Collections.md)
+* [2.6 List comprehensions](06_List_comprehension.md)
+* [2.7 Object model](07_Objects.md)
 
-[Contents](../Contents)
+[Contents](../Contents.md)
diff --git a/Notes/02_Working_with_data/01_Datatypes.md b/Notes/02_Working_with_data/01_Datatypes.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.6 Files)](../01_Introduction/06_Files) \| [Next (2.2 Containers)](02_Containers)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.6 Files)](../01_Introduction/06_Files.md) \| [Next (2.2 Containers)](02_Containers.md)
 
 # 2.1 Datatypes and Data structures
 
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ shares and the price:
 ```
 
 Is math broken in Python? What’s the deal with the answer of
-3220.0000000000005?  
+3220.0000000000005?
 
 This is an artifact of the floating point hardware on your computer
 only being able to accurately represent decimals in Base-2, not
@@ -446,4 +446,4 @@ dict_items([('name', 'AA'), ('shares', 75), ('price', 32.2), ('date', (6, 11, 20
 >>>
 ```
 
-[Contents](../Contents) \| [Previous (1.6 Files)](../01_Introduction/06_Files) \| [Next (2.2 Containers)](02_Containers)
+[Contents](../Contents.md) \| [Previous (1.6 Files)](../01_Introduction/06_Files.md) \| [Next (2.2 Containers)](02_Containers.md)