apache · kosiew · Jun 18, 2026 · Jun 18, 2026
diff --git a/python/datafusion/functions/__init__.py b/python/datafusion/functions/__init__.py
@@ -73,6 +73,13 @@ def _warn_expr_for_literal_arg(function_name: str, arg_name: str) -> None:
     )
 
 
+def _warn_if_expr_for_literal_arg(
+    value: Any, function_name: str, arg_name: str
+) -> None:
+    if isinstance(value, Expr):
+        _warn_expr_for_literal_arg(function_name, arg_name)
+
+
 __all__ = [
     "abs",
     "acos",
@@ -437,6 +444,7 @@ def encode(expr: Expr, encoding: Expr | str) -> Expr:
         >>> result.collect_column("enc")[0].as_py()
         'aGVsbG8'
     """
+    _warn_if_expr_for_literal_arg(encoding, "encode", "encoding")
     encoding = coerce_to_expr(encoding)
     return Expr(f.encode(expr.expr, encoding.expr))
 
@@ -452,6 +460,7 @@ def decode(expr: Expr, encoding: Expr | str) -> Expr:
         >>> result.collect_column("dec")[0].as_py()
         b'hello'
     """
+    _warn_if_expr_for_literal_arg(encoding, "decode", "encoding")
     encoding = coerce_to_expr(encoding)
     return Expr(f.decode(expr.expr, encoding.expr))
 
@@ -742,6 +751,7 @@ def digest(value: Expr, method: Expr | str) -> Expr:
         >>> len(result.collect_column("d")[0].as_py()) > 0
         True
     """
+    _warn_if_expr_for_literal_arg(method, "digest", "method")
     method = coerce_to_expr(method)
     return Expr(f.digest(value.expr, method.expr))
 
@@ -3096,6 +3106,7 @@ def arrow_cast(expr: Expr, data_type: Expr | str | pa.DataType) -> Expr:
         >>> result.collect_column("c")[0].as_py()
         1.0
     """
+    _warn_if_expr_for_literal_arg(data_type, "arrow_cast", "data_type")
     if isinstance(data_type, pa.DataType):
         return expr.cast(data_type)
     if isinstance(data_type, str):
@@ -3128,6 +3139,7 @@ def arrow_try_cast(expr: Expr, data_type: Expr | str | pa.DataType) -> Expr:
         >>> result.collect_column("c")[0].as_py() is None
         True
     """
+    _warn_if_expr_for_literal_arg(data_type, "arrow_try_cast", "data_type")
     if isinstance(data_type, pa.DataType):
         return expr.try_cast(data_type)
     if isinstance(data_type, str):
@@ -3235,6 +3247,7 @@ def arrow_metadata(expr: Expr, key: Expr | str | None = None) -> Expr:
     """
     if key is None:
         return Expr(f.arrow_metadata(expr.expr))
+    _warn_if_expr_for_literal_arg(key, "arrow_metadata", "key")
     if isinstance(key, str):
         key = Expr.string_literal(key)
     return Expr(f.arrow_metadata(expr.expr, key.expr))

diff --git a/python/tests/test_functions.py b/python/tests/test_functions.py
@@ -2355,6 +2355,68 @@ def test_regexp_replace_native(self):
         ).collect()
         assert result[0].column(0)[0].as_py() == "aX bX cX"
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("func", "arg_name", "expr"),
+        [
+            pytest.param(
+                f.encode,
+                "encoding",
+                lambda: f.encode(column("a"), literal("base64")),
+                id="encode-encoding",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                f.decode,
+                "encoding",
+                lambda: f.decode(column("a"), literal("base64")),
+                id="decode-encoding",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                f.digest,
+                "method",
+                lambda: f.digest(column("a"), literal("sha256")),
+                id="digest-method",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                f.arrow_cast,
+                "data_type",
+                lambda: f.arrow_cast(column("a"), literal("Float64")),
+                id="arrow-cast-data-type",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                f.arrow_try_cast,
+                "data_type",
+                lambda: f.arrow_try_cast(column("a"), literal("Float64")),
+                id="arrow-try-cast-data-type",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                f.arrow_metadata,
+                "key",
+                lambda: f.arrow_metadata(column("a"), literal("k")),
+                id="arrow-metadata-key",
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_literal_only_expr_args_warn_deprecated(self, func, arg_name, expr):
+        with pytest.warns(
+            DeprecationWarning,
+            match=(
+                rf"Passing Expr for {func.__name__}\(\) argument "
+                rf"'{arg_name}' is deprecated"
+            ),
+        ):
+            result = expr()
+        assert result is not None
+
+    def test_literal_only_native_args_do_not_warn(self):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error", DeprecationWarning)
+            assert f.encode(column("a"), "base64") is not None
+            assert f.decode(column("a"), "base64") is not None
+            assert f.digest(column("a"), "sha256") is not None
+            assert f.arrow_cast(column("a"), "Float64") is not None
+            assert f.arrow_try_cast(column("a"), pa.float64()) is not None
+            assert f.arrow_metadata(column("a"), "k") is not None
+
     def test_backward_compat_with_lit(self):
         """Verify that existing code using lit() still works."""
         ctx = SessionContext()