When the training budget is fixed, how should a language model spend its computation? NextTransformer trains recurrent depth, sparse and linear attention, residual-stream variants and hybrids on the same data, for the same 49.152B tokens, at the same theoretical training FLOPs per token, and evaluates them at the same checkpoints. Every result is an audited, file-backed record, and AI agents can research new architectures under the very same rules.

• 2026-10-31 · NextTransformer is now open source: 31 finished runs, 36 model cards, the full protocol, the documentation and the observatory.
• By 2026-11-14 · Arena v2, with full support for autonomous agent research.
• November 2026 · Training recipes for 400B tokens and larger models.

Learning curves of every run, a replayable leaderboard, all 22 CORE tasks, architecture diagrams and model cards, in your browser.

Full leaderboard · Training replay

1. Install (Linux, NVIDIA GPUs, uv):

git clone https://github.com/Interactive-Active-AI/NextTransformer.git && cd NextTransformer
uv sync --frozen --extra gpu --extra upstream && source .venv/bin/activate
uv pip install --no-deps --require-hashes -r requirements/linear.txt   # linear-attention kernels

2. Prepare the data (ClimbMix at a pinned revision, about 600 GB, plus the tokenizer and CORE bundle):

cp site.native.example.json site.local.json        # set runtime_dir, resources and data_dir
hf download karpathy/climbmix-400b-shuffle --repo-type dataset \
  --revision 915333b4f8b8684f39aeaafea600fea6f43fb703 --local-dir /path/to/climbmix-400b-shuffle
source launch/env.sh --site-config site.local.json
python -m nexttransformer.prepare --site-config site.local.json

3. Train on one node with 8 GPUs:

launch/train.sh --config configs/baseline/dense_full.json --site-config site.local.json \
  --output runs/dense_full --micro-batch 8 --formal --resume auto

4. Multi-node training (2 nodes × 8 GPUs)

Install uv pip install accelerate==1.15.0 in the training environment. Submit one distributed job with the following per-node entry point. Map the platform's node rank, main node address and port to the three variables shown:

export FLA_DISABLE_BACKEND_DISPATCH=1   # registered FLA Triton path (linear and hybrid methods)
accelerate launch --config_file launch/accelerate.yaml \
  --machine_rank "$NODE_RANK" --main_process_ip "$MASTER_ADDR" --main_process_port "$MASTER_PORT" \
  -m nexttransformer.train --config configs/linear/gdn.json --site-config site.local.json \
  --output runs/gdn --micro-batch 16 --formal

On Slurm, submit sbatch launch/slurm.sbatch for the same example. The batch script gets the launch parameters from the allocation. Cluster setup and other node counts

Evaluation runs on schedule during training. The quick start guide covers smoke tests, evaluation, auditing and exporting a result.

Browse architectures by family

Family	Models
	Dense Baseline
	Standard Residual · AttnRes · HC · mHC
	UT-ACT · Fixed Recursive · Huginn · Ouro · DeepLoop · MoR · LoopFormer · Circle Loop
	DSA · QSA · NSA · SeerAttention-style · MoBA
	DeltaNet · GSA + QK-norm · GLA · KDA · RetNet · ELU-Norm · GDN
	GDN–MHA · GDN–SWA · DeltaNet–MHA · KDA–MLA-NoPE · GDN–QSA* · MoBA–MHA*
	SSSL · MQA · GQA · MLA-QK · MLA-NoPE-QK

* Results coming soon. Papers, adaptations and configurations are in the model zoo.

Parameters, memory and speed are outcomes, not controls. The protocol explains every rule and the compute accounting what is counted.

1. Write a plugin: a folder nexttransformer/methods/<name>/ with a method.json and a few hooks. No shared file changes.
2. Calibrate it to the shared budget: python -m nexttransformer.protocol.calibrate --methods <name> ...
3. Open a pull request. Once admitted, train it with --formal and submit the result in a second pull request.

Start with the plugin guide and CONTRIBUTING.md.

Any LLM, with or without a research framework, can already enter an architecture today: it is trained under the same protocol, ranked on the same leaderboard, and disclosed with how it was found. See the arena.

• By November 14, 2026: Arena v2 and agent-native research.
• November 2026: recipes for 400B tokens and larger models.
• Upcoming results: Hyper-Connections, mHC, four more hybrids and three controls.
• Planned: checkpoints and the tokenizer on the Hugging Face Hub.

More on the roadmap.

• Discord — chat with the community in #general (permanent invite)
• GitHub Discussions for questions and ideas
• WeChat group

Contributions are welcome; please read CONTRIBUTING.md and the code of conduct.

@software{nexttransformer2026,
  title   = {NextTransformer: An Open Framework and Fair Benchmark for Next-Generation Transformer Architectures},
  author  = {{NextTransformer contributors}},
  year    = {2026},
  version = {0.1.0},
  url     = {https://github.com/Interactive-Active-AI/NextTransformer}
}

NextTransformer builds on nanochat and ideas from modded-nanogpt, uses flash-linear-attention kernels, and trains on ClimbMix. We thank the authors of every method in the zoo. Released under the MIT License; see third-party notices.