Motivation:

UnknownHostException are covering a broader range of discovery failures,
where the API consumer has no visibility of the underlying reason.

Modification:

Expose initial-cause for UnknownHostExceptions to enrich the result.

Result:

The consumer now can decide whether the exception is due to failures or
due an authoritative NXDOMAIN.

Motivation:

UnknownHostException are covering a broader range of discovery failures,
where the API consumer has no visibility of the underlying reason.

Modification:

Expose initial-cause for UnknownHostExceptions to enrich the result. 

Result:

The consumer now can decide whether the exception is due to failures or
due an authoritative NXDOMAIN.

Follow up of #13721

Motivation:

The previous effort introduced a root-cause for NXDOMAIN and SERVFAIL.
That was only for the authoritative part. The non-authoritative was
slightly different because it allowed a CNAME lookup regardless, for
legacy reasons. In this effort, I take another stab at it, by making the
additional CNAME lookup an opt-in feature. Justification included in the
patch.

Modification:

Last resort CNAME lookup while doing address resolutions, is now an
opt-in feature by default. The non-authoritative flow also includes the
root cause as part of the UnknownHostException.

---------

Co-authored-by: Norman Maurer <norman_maurer@apple.com>

Follow up of #13721

Motivation:

The previous effort introduced a root-cause for NXDOMAIN and SERVFAIL.
That was only for the authoritative part. The non-authoritative was
slightly different because it allowed a CNAME lookup regardless, for
legacy reasons. In this effort, I take another stab at it, by making the
additional CNAME lookup an opt-in feature. Justification included in the
patch.

Modification:

Last resort CNAME lookup while doing address resolutions, is now an
opt-in feature by default. The non-authoritative flow also includes the
root cause as part of the UnknownHostException.

---------

Co-authored-by: Norman Maurer <norman_maurer@apple.com>

**Dependencies**

- Brave 6.0.0 -> 6.0.2
- Brotli4j 1.15.0 -> 1.16.0
- java-control-plane 1.0.42 -> 1.0.44
- Dropwizard 2.1.10 -> 2.1.12
- Dropwizard Metrics 4.2.24 -> 4.2.25
- Eureka 2.0.1 -> 2.0.2
- fastUtil 8.5.12 -> 8.5.13
- gRPC-Java 1.61.0 -> 1.63.0
- Guava 33.0.0-jre -> 33.1.0-jre
- Jackson 2.16.1 -> 2.17.0
- JCTools 4.0.2 -> 4.0.3
- Jetty10 10.0.19 -> 10.0.20
- Jetty11 11.0.19 -> 11.0.20
- Jetty12 12.0.5 -> 12.0.8
- Jetty9.4 9.4.52.v20230823 -> 9.4.54.v20240208
- Kotlin 1.9.22 -> 1.9.23
- kotlinx.coroutines 1.9.22 -> 1.9.23
- Kubernetes Client 6.10.0 -> 6.11.0
- Micrometer 1.12.2 -> 1.12.4
- Micrometer Tracing 1.2.2 -> 1.2.4
- Netty 4.1.106.Final -> 4.1.108.Final
- Netty io_uring 0.0.24.Final -> 0.0.25.Final
- protobuf-jackson 2.2.0 -> 2.5.0
- Reactor 3.6.2 -> 3.6.4
- RESTEasy 5.0.7.Final -> 5.0.9.Final
- Retrofit2 2.9.0 -> 2.11.0
- Sangria 4.0.2 -> 4.1.0
- Scala2.12 2.12.18 -> 2.12.19
- Scala2.13 2.13.12 -> 2.13.13
- Scala3 3.3.0 -> 3.4.1
- Spring6 6.1.3 -> 6.1.5
- Spring-Boot3 3.2.2 -> 3.2.4
- Tomcat8 8.5.98 -> 8.5.100
- Tomcat8 9.0.85 -> 9.0.87
- Tomcat8 10.1.18 -> 10.1.20
- Build
  - Apache HttpClient 5.3 -> 5.3.1
  - asm 9.6 -> 9.7
  - AssertJ 3.25.2 -> 3.25.3
  - Awaitility 4.2.1 -> 4.2.1
  - dagger 2.50 -> 2.51.1
  - dgs 8.2.2 -> 8.5.3
  - Error Prone 2.24.1 -> 2.26.1
  - GAX Java 2.40.0 -> 2.46.1
  - Gradle 8.5 -> 8.7
  - J2ObjC 2.8 -> 3.0.0
  - Java-WebSocket 1.5.5 -> 1.5.6
  - JUnit5 5.10.1 -> 5.10.2
  - Kafka 3.6.1 -> 3.7.0
  - krotoDC 1.0.6 -> 1.1.1
  - Gradle Nexus Publish Plugin 7.0.1 -> 7.0.2
  - SLF4J2 2.0.11 -> 2.0.12
  - Testcontainers 1.19.3 -> 1.19.7
  - Zookeeper 3.9.1 -> 3.9.2

**Additional Modifications**
- `closeAndReleaseStagingRepository` has been renamed to
`closeAndReleaseStagingRepositories`
  - gradle-nexus/publish-plugin#236
- `DnsErrorCauseException` has been introduced in Netty
  - netty/netty#13721
  - `DnsUtil#isDnsQueryTimedOut` has been updated to reflect this
- `RefreshingAddressResolver` now uses `DnsUtil#isDnsQueryTimedOut` to
determine cachability for consistency
- Note that users should sync versions between netty and armeria for
this release. Otherwise, a compliation error may occur.
- `krotodc` now requires the `protobuf-java-util` dependency
  - mscheong01/krotoDC#25
- Sangria has a breaking change regarding `DeprecationTracker`
  - sangria-graphql/sangria#1064

Motivation:
An UnknownHostException can have multiple root causes, each with a different application logic.
By far the most prominent is due to an NXDOMAIN from the nameserver, meaning that the domain in the query doesn't not exist. Other reasons could be a SERVFAIL or timeouts during resolutions. Due to insufficient information in the error itself, the dns-client has no obvious way of distinctly handling the various causes.

Modification:
Netty will expose that information as an init-cause. ST can leverage the enrichment to handle the different scenarios.

Results:
Better behavior.
To allow NXDOMAIN errors to invalidate DNS state, set the property `io.servicetalk.dns.discovery.nxdomain.invalidation` to true.

Depends on netty/netty#13721
Depends on netty/netty#13850

**Dependencies**

- Brave 6.0.0 -> 6.0.2
- Brotli4j 1.15.0 -> 1.16.0
- java-control-plane 1.0.42 -> 1.0.44
- Dropwizard 2.1.10 -> 2.1.12
- Dropwizard Metrics 4.2.24 -> 4.2.25
- Eureka 2.0.1 -> 2.0.2
- fastUtil 8.5.12 -> 8.5.13
- gRPC-Java 1.61.0 -> 1.63.0
- Guava 33.0.0-jre -> 33.1.0-jre
- Jackson 2.16.1 -> 2.17.0
- JCTools 4.0.2 -> 4.0.3
- Jetty10 10.0.19 -> 10.0.20
- Jetty11 11.0.19 -> 11.0.20
- Jetty12 12.0.5 -> 12.0.8
- Jetty9.4 9.4.52.v20230823 -> 9.4.54.v20240208
- Kotlin 1.9.22 -> 1.9.23
- kotlinx.coroutines 1.9.22 -> 1.9.23
- Kubernetes Client 6.10.0 -> 6.11.0
- Micrometer 1.12.2 -> 1.12.4
- Micrometer Tracing 1.2.2 -> 1.2.4
- Netty 4.1.106.Final -> 4.1.108.Final
- Netty io_uring 0.0.24.Final -> 0.0.25.Final
- protobuf-jackson 2.2.0 -> 2.5.0
- Reactor 3.6.2 -> 3.6.4
- RESTEasy 5.0.7.Final -> 5.0.9.Final
- Retrofit2 2.9.0 -> 2.11.0
- Sangria 4.0.2 -> 4.1.0
- Scala2.12 2.12.18 -> 2.12.19
- Scala2.13 2.13.12 -> 2.13.13
- Scala3 3.3.0 -> 3.4.1
- Spring6 6.1.3 -> 6.1.5
- Spring-Boot3 3.2.2 -> 3.2.4
- Tomcat8 8.5.98 -> 8.5.100
- Tomcat8 9.0.85 -> 9.0.87
- Tomcat8 10.1.18 -> 10.1.20
- Build
  - Apache HttpClient 5.3 -> 5.3.1
  - asm 9.6 -> 9.7
  - AssertJ 3.25.2 -> 3.25.3
  - Awaitility 4.2.1 -> 4.2.1
  - dagger 2.50 -> 2.51.1
  - dgs 8.2.2 -> 8.5.3
  - Error Prone 2.24.1 -> 2.26.1
  - GAX Java 2.40.0 -> 2.46.1
  - Gradle 8.5 -> 8.7
  - J2ObjC 2.8 -> 3.0.0
  - Java-WebSocket 1.5.5 -> 1.5.6
  - JUnit5 5.10.1 -> 5.10.2
  - Kafka 3.6.1 -> 3.7.0
  - krotoDC 1.0.6 -> 1.1.1
  - Gradle Nexus Publish Plugin 7.0.1 -> 7.0.2
  - SLF4J2 2.0.11 -> 2.0.12
  - Testcontainers 1.19.3 -> 1.19.7
  - Zookeeper 3.9.1 -> 3.9.2

**Additional Modifications**
- `closeAndReleaseStagingRepository` has been renamed to
`closeAndReleaseStagingRepositories`
  - gradle-nexus/publish-plugin#236
- `DnsErrorCauseException` has been introduced in Netty
  - netty/netty#13721
  - `DnsUtil#isDnsQueryTimedOut` has been updated to reflect this
- `RefreshingAddressResolver` now uses `DnsUtil#isDnsQueryTimedOut` to
determine cachability for consistency
- Note that users should sync versions between netty and armeria for
this release. Otherwise, a compliation error may occur.
- `krotodc` now requires the `protobuf-java-util` dependency
  - mscheong01/krotoDC#25
- Sangria has a breaking change regarding `DeprecationTracker`
  - sangria-graphql/sangria#1064