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| Logical | INNER JOIN | An INNER JOIN returns only the rows with matching values in both tables. |
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| Logical | OUTER JOIN | An outer join (LEFT OUTER JOIN/RIGHT OUTER JOIN) returns all the rows from one table and any matching rows from the other table. If there is no match, the result will contain NULL markers. |
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| Logical | FULL OUTER JOIN | A FULL OUTER JOIN returns all the rows from both tables. If there are no matching rows, the result will contain NULL markers. |
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| Logical | CROSS JOIN | A CROSS JOIN returns the Cartesian product of the two tables and returns every possible combination of rows from the two tables. |
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| Physical | NESTED LOOP JOIN | Nested loop join is a type of join algorithm that compares each row of one table with all rows of another table. |
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| Physical | HASH JOIN | Hash join is a join algorithm that uses a hash table to quickly match rows from one table with rows from another table. |
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| Physical | MERGE SORT JOIN | Merge sort join is a join algorithm that sorts both tables on the join column and then merges the sorted rows together. |
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| Descriptive | COMPLEX JOIN | A complex join is a type of join operation that combines multiple tables using various comparison operators and often includes subqueries and aggregate functions to retrieve and combine data from different tables. |
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| Descriptive | SELF-JOIN | A self-join joins a table to itself, using the same table twice with different aliases. |
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| Model | SEMI-JOIN | A semi-join returns only the rows from the first table with matching values in the second table. |
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| Model | ANTI-JOIN | An anti-join returns only the rows from the first table that do not have matching values in the second table. |
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| Model | EQUI-JOIN | An equi-join returns only the rows where the values in the specified columns of both tables are equal. |
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| Model | THETA-JOIN | A theta-join is a flexible type of join that allows you to join tables based on any type of condition, not just an equality condition. |
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| Model | NON-EQUI-JOIN | Interchangeable with theta-join. Some texts use the term theta-join, and others use non-equi-join. |
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| Model | NATURAL JOIN | A NATURAL JOIN returns the rows where the values in the specified columns of both tables are equal and the column names are the same. |
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| Logical | OUTER JOIN | An outer join (LEFT OUTER JOIN/RIGHT OUTER JOIN) returns all the rows from one table and any matching rows from the other table. If there is no match, the result will contain NULL markers. |
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| Logical | FULL OUTER JOIN | A FULL OUTER JOIN returns all the rows from both tables. If there are no matching rows, the result will contain NULL markers. |
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| Logical | CROSS JOIN | A CROSS JOIN returns the Cartesian product of the two tables and returns every possible combination of rows from the two tables. |
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| Physical | NESTED LOOP JOIN | Nested loop join is a type of join algorithm that compares each row of one table with all rows of another table. |
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| Physical | HASH JOIN | Hash join is a join algorithm that uses a hash table to quickly match rows from one table with rows from another table. |
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| Physical | MERGE SORT JOIN | Merge sort join is a join algorithm that sorts both tables on the join column and then merges the sorted rows. |
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| Descriptive | COMPLEX JOIN | A complex join is a join operation that combines multiple tables using various comparison operators and often includes subqueries and aggregate functions to retrieve and combine data from different tables. |
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| Descriptive | COMPOSITE JOIN | A composite join is a join that uses multiple attributes from each table to retrieve and combine data from different tables. |
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| Descriptive | MULTI-JOIN | A multi-join refers to a query that involves joining more than two tables together |
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| Descriptive | SELF-JOIN | A self-join joins a table to itself, using the same table twice with different aliases. |
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| Model | SEMI-JOIN | A semi-join returns only the rows from the first table with matching values in the second table. |
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| Model | ANTI-JOIN | An anti-join returns only the rows from the first table that do not have matching values in the second table. |
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| Model | THETA-JOIN | A theta-join is a join based on a binary operator (equality or inequality). Both equi and non-equi-joins are theta joins. |
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| Model | EQUI-JOIN | An equi-join is a join condition that involves only an equality operator. |
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| Model | NON-EQUI-JOIN | A non-equi-join is a join condition that involves any operator besides equality. |
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| Model | NATURAL JOIN | A NATURAL JOIN returns the rows where the values in the specified columns of both tables are equal and the column names are the same. |
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