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<h2><a href='/posts/shell-study/'>Shell Study</a></h2>
<span class="date">2016.05.05</span>
</div>
<div class="post_content markdown"><div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">$ <span class="nb">pushd</span> <span class="nv">$openssh_source_dir</span> > /dev/null
</code></pre></div><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="right">命令</th>
<th align="left">说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="right">command > file</td>
<td align="left">将输出重定向到 file。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">command < file</td>
<td align="left">将输入重定向到 file。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">command » file</td>
<td align="left">将输出以追加的方式重定向到 file。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">n > file</td>
<td align="left">将文件描述符为 n 的文件重定向到 file。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">n » file</td>
<td align="left">将文件描述符为 n 的文件以追加的方式重定向到 file。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">n >& m</td>
<td align="left">将输出文件 m 和 n 合并。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">n <& m</td>
<td align="left">将输入文件 m 和 n 合并。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">« tag</td>
<td align="left">将开始标记 tag 和结束标记 tag 之间的内容作为输入。</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><code> > /dev/null</code> 如果希望执行某个命令，但又<strong>不希望在屏幕上显示输出结果</strong>，那么可以将输出重定向到 <code>/dev/null</code>, <code>/dev/null</code> 是一个特殊的文件，写入到它的内容都会被丢弃；如果尝试从该文件读取内容，那么什么也读不到。但是 <code>/dev/null</code> 文件非常有用，将命令的输出重定向到它，会起到"禁止输出"的效果。</p>
<p>如果希望屏蔽 <code>stdout</code> 和 <code>stderr</code>，可以这样写：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">$ <span class="nb">command</span> > /dev/null 2><span class="p">&</span><span class="m">1</span>
</code></pre></div><p><code>pushd</code> = PUSH Directory:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">kali@kali:~$ pushd ~/test
~/test ~
kali@kali:~/test$ pushd ~/Documents/
~/Documents ~/test ~
kali@kali:~/Documents$ pushd
~/test ~/Documents ~
kali@kali:~/test$ pushd
~/Documents ~/test ~
kali@kali:~/Documents$ pushd
~/test ~/Documents ~
kali@kali:~/test$ pushd
~/Documents ~/test ~
kali@kali:~/Documents$ pushd
~/test ~/Documents ~
kali@kali:~/test$ pushd
~/Documents ~/test ~
kali@kali:~/Documents$ popd
~/test ~
kali@kali:~/test$ popd
~
kali@kali:~$ pushd
bash: pushd: no other directory
kali@kali:~$ popd
bash: popd: directory stack empty
kali@kali:~$
</code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">patch -p1 < ../<span class="nv">$your_patch</span>
</code></pre></div><p><a href="https://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-comm-patch.html">https://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-comm-patch.html</a></p>
<p>Linux patch命令用于修补文件。</p>
<p>patch指令让用户利用设置修补文件的方式，修改，更新原始文件。倘若一次仅修改一个文件，可直接在指令列中下达指令依序执行。如果配合修补文件的方式则能一次修补大批文件，这也是Linux系统核心的升级方法之一。</p>
<p><code>[-p <剥离层级>]</code> 设置欲剥离几层路径名称。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span class="nb">pushd</span> <span class="nv">$openssh_source_dir</span> > /dev/null <span class="c1"># 进入到目录 $openssh_source_dir</span>
patch -p1 < ../<span class="nv">$mitm_patch</span> <span class="c1"># 用 $mitm_patch 给 $openssh_source_dir 打补丁</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Linux 里判断是否存在用户 <code>ssh-mitm</code> 如果跟了 <code>--force</code> 则删除用户：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span class="c1"># Check if the ssh-mitm user exists.</span>
id ssh-mitm > /dev/null 2> /dev/null
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[[</span> <span class="nv">$?</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="o">]]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then</span>
<span class="c1"># The user exists. If this script was run with the "--force" argument,</span>
<span class="c1"># then we will delete the user.</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[[</span> <span class="nv">$1</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'--force'</span> <span class="o">]]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then</span>
userdel -f -r ssh-mitm 2> /dev/null
<span class="c1"># There could be saved sessions from an old version of SSH MITM that</span>
<span class="c1"># we shouldn't destroy automatically.</span>
<span class="k">else</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"It appears that the ssh-mitm user already exists. Make backups of any saved sessions in /home/ssh-mitm/, then re-run this script with the \"--force\" argument (this will cause the user account to be deleted and re-created)."</span>
<span class="nb">exit</span> -1
<span class="k">fi</span>
<span class="k">fi</span>
</code></pre></div><p>下载 <code>OpenSSH</code> 并验证是否正品：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span class="c1"># Downloads OpenSSH and verifies its sources.</span>
<span class="k">function</span> get_openssh <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="nb">local</span> <span class="nv">openssh_sig</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'openssh-7.5p1.tar.gz.asc'</span>
<span class="nb">local</span> <span class="nv">release_key_fingerprint_expected</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'59C2 118E D206 D927 E667 EBE3 D3E5 F56B 6D92 0D30'</span>
<span class="nb">local</span> <span class="nv">openssh_checksum_expected</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'9846e3c5fab9f0547400b4d2c017992f914222b3fd1f8eee6c7dc6bc5e59f9f0'</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> -e <span class="s2">"\nGetting OpenSSH release key...\n"</span>
wget https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/RELEASE_KEY.asc
<span class="nb">echo</span> -e <span class="s2">"\nGetting OpenSSH sources...\n"</span>
wget https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/<span class="nv">$openssh_sources</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> -e <span class="s2">"\nGetting OpenSSH signature...\n"</span>
wget https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/<span class="nv">$openssh_sig</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> -e <span class="s2">"\nImporting OpenSSH release key...\n"</span>
gpg --import RELEASE_KEY.asc
<span class="nb">local</span> <span class="nv">release_key_fingerprint_actual</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="sb">`</span>gpg --fingerprint 6D920D30<span class="sb">`</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[[</span> <span class="nv">$release_key_fingerprint_actual</span> !<span class="o">=</span> *<span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$release_key_fingerprint_expected</span><span class="s2">"</span>* <span class="o">]]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> -e <span class="s2">"\nError: OpenSSH release key fingerprint does not match expected value!\n\tExpected: </span><span class="nv">$release_key_fingerprint_expected</span><span class="s2">\n\tActual: </span><span class="nv">$release_key_fingerprint_actual</span><span class="s2">\n\nTerminating."</span>
<span class="nb">exit</span> -1
<span class="k">fi</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> -e <span class="s2">"\n\nOpenSSH release key matches expected value.\n"</span>
<span class="nb">local</span> <span class="nv">gpg_verify</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="sb">`</span>gpg --verify <span class="nv">$openssh_sig</span> <span class="nv">$openssh_sources</span> 2><span class="p">&</span>1<span class="sb">`</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[[</span> <span class="nv">$gpg_verify</span> !<span class="o">=</span> *<span class="s2">"Good signature from \"Damien Miller <djm@mindrot.org>\""</span>* <span class="o">]]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> -e <span class="s2">"\n\nError: OpenSSH signature invalid!\n</span><span class="nv">$gpg_verify</span><span class="s2">\n\nTerminating."</span>
rm -f <span class="nv">$openssh_sources</span>
<span class="nb">exit</span> -1
<span class="k">fi</span>
<span class="c1"># Check GPG's return value. 0 denotes a valid signature, and 1 is returned</span>
<span class="c1"># on invalid signatures.</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[[</span> <span class="nv">$?</span> !<span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="o">]]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> -e <span class="s2">"\n\nError: OpenSSH signature invalid! Verification returned code: </span><span class="nv">$?</span><span class="s2">\n\nTerminating."</span>
rm -f <span class="nv">$openssh_sources</span>
<span class="nb">exit</span> -1
<span class="k">fi</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> -e <span class="s2">"Signature on OpenSSH sources verified.\n"</span>
<span class="nb">local</span> <span class="nv">openssh_checksum_actual</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="sb">`</span>sha256sum <span class="nv">$openssh_sources</span><span class="sb">`</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[[</span> <span class="nv">$openssh_checksum_actual</span> !<span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$openssh_checksum_expected</span><span class="s2">"</span>* <span class="o">]]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> -e <span class="s2">"Error: OpenSSH checksum is invalid! Terminating."</span>
<span class="nb">exit</span> -1
<span class="k">fi</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="m">1</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
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