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<h2><a href='/posts/program-c-basic-tips/'>Program C Basic Tips [C/C++]</a></h2>
<span class="date">2019.08.24</span>
</div>
<div class="post_content markdown"><p>Continuous update!</p>
<h1 id="misc">Misc</h1>
<ul>
<li>VC6.0 non-console program output debugging method:
<ul>
<li>download <strong>DebugView</strong> and run, insert code below to you program:</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-c++" data-lang="c++"><span class="n">OutputDebugString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">charParam</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">OutputDebugStringW</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wchar_tParam</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div><ul>
<li>
<p>how to fix, while VC6.0 console in the debugger after can not be closed:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40568577/article/details/80064569">vc++6.0中调试程序后出来的控制台关不掉怎么办</a></li>
<li>somewhat maybe your OS based on x64</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>“a string " + 123 -> “a string 123”:</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-c++" data-lang="c++"><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">stringMerged</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">};</span>
<span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stringMerged</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"%s%d"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// stringMerged == "a string ", i == 123
</span><span class="c1">// now, stringMerged == "a string 123"
</span></code></pre></div><ul>
<li>
<p>‘wcslen’ : cannot convert parameter 1 from ‘char [260]’ to ‘const unsigned short *’</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>get argv[1]:</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-c++" data-lang="c++"><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="n">strcpy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">keyword</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_str</span><span class="p">());</span>
<span class="c1">// now, filename is the first arg's value
</span></code></pre></div><ul>
<li>get arguments from WinMain()’s <code>lpCmdLine</code>:
<ul>
<li>method one:</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-c++" data-lang="c++"><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf"><stdlib.h></span><span class="cp">
</span><span class="cp"></span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">argc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">__argc</span><span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">**</span> <span class="n">argv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">__argv</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">...</span>
</code></pre></div><pre><code>+ mothod two: [CommandLineToArgvW function](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/shellapi/nf-shellapi-commandlinetoargvw)
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Example for the using above:</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-c++" data-lang="c++"><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">"stdafx.h"</span><span class="cp">
</span><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf"><windows.h></span><span class="cp">
</span><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf"><stdio.h> // for sprintf</span><span class="cp">
</span><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf"><stdlib.h></span><span class="cp">
</span><span class="cp"></span>
<span class="c1">// Forward declarations:
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[]);</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">APIENTRY</span> <span class="nf">WinMain</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HINSTANCE</span> <span class="n">hInstance</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">HINSTANCE</span> <span class="n">hPrevInstance</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">LPSTR</span> <span class="n">lpCmdLine</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">nCmdShow</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">argc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">__argc</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">**</span> <span class="n">argv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">__argv</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[])</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"appName.exe"</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argc</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"%s %s"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argc</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"%s %s %s"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">WinExec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SW_HIDE</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h1 id="useful-functions">Useful functions</h1>
<ul>
<li>Create Dir:</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-c++" data-lang="c++"><span class="cp">#define R_OK 4 </span><span class="cm">/* Test for read permission. */</span><span class="cp">
</span><span class="cp">#define W_OK 2 </span><span class="cm">/* Test for write permission. */</span><span class="cp">
</span><span class="cp">#define X_OK 1 </span><span class="cm">/* Test for execute permission. */</span><span class="cp">
</span><span class="cp">#define F_OK 0 </span><span class="cm">/* Test for existence. */</span><span class="cp">
</span><span class="cp"></span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">DirCreate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="n">path</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// if _access(path.c_str(), R_OK) == 0 the folder exist!
</span><span class="c1"></span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_access</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_str</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">R_OK</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// vc6.0
</span><span class="c1"></span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_mkdir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">c_str</span><span class="p">());</span> <span class="c1">// mkdir successfully return 0
</span><span class="c1"></span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">flag</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div><ul>
<li>Get Tmp folder:</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-c++" data-lang="c++"><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">GetTmp</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">DWORD</span> <span class="n">dwRetVal</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">TCHAR</span> <span class="n">szTempFileName</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">MAX_PATH</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="n">TCHAR</span> <span class="n">lpTempPathBuffer</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">MAX_PATH</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="n">HANDLE</span> <span class="n">hFile</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">dwRetVal</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">GetTempPath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MAX_PATH</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lpTempPathBuffer</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dwRetVal</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="n">MAX_PATH</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dwRetVal</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">memset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">wcstombs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lpTempPathBuffer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">wcslen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lpTempPathBuffer</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h1 id="convert-types">Convert types</h1>
<ul>
<li><code>const char*</code> to <code>char*</code>:</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="n">strdup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"My string literal!"</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// method one
</span><span class="c1">// or
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="s">"My string literal!"</span> <span class="c1">// method two
</span></code></pre></div><ul>
<li><code>char* argv[]</code> to <code>int</code>:</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-c++" data-lang="c++"><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">capNum</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">strtol</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="o">&</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div><ul>
<li><code>char []</code> to <code>wchar_t*</code></li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-c++" data-lang="c++"><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">filepath</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">};</span>
<span class="n">filepath</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"filename"</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="kt">wchar_t</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">wfilepath</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">wchar_t</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="n">swprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wfilepath</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sa">L</span><span class="s">"%hs"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filepath</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// vc6.0
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="n">swprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wfilepath</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sa">L</span><span class="s">"%hs"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filepath</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// vs2015 vs2019
</span></code></pre></div><ul>
<li><code>char*</code> to <code>string</code>:</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-c++" data-lang="c++"><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">buf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"test"</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">string</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// or
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">buf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"test"</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// or
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">buf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"test"</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">));</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
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