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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>1.10. Example</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="..//docbook.css" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="shell,bash,zsh, awk,sed,curl,expect, grep,sort" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="Netkiller Shell 手札" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="第 1 章 Bash Shell" /><link rel="prev" href="subshell.html" title="1.9. subshell" /><link rel="next" href="../zsh/index.html" title="第 2 章 Z Shell" /></head><body><a xmlns="" href="//www.netkiller.cn/">Home</a> |
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<a xmlns="" href="//www.netkiller.cn/home/about.html">About</a><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">1.10. Example</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="subshell.html">上一页</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">第 1 章 Bash Shell</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="../zsh/index.html">下一页</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><table xmlns=""><tr><td><iframe src="//ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&repo=netkiller.github.io&type=watch&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="170" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:170px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td><iframe src="//ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&repo=netkiller.github.io&type=fork&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="170" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:170px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td><td><iframe src="//ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=netkiller&type=follow&count=true&size=large" height="30" width="240" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" style="width:240px; height: 30px;" allowTransparency="true"></iframe></td></tr></table><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="example"></a>1.10. Example</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="idp38"></a>1.10.1. 有趣的Shell</h3></div></div></div>
<p>运行后会不停的fork新的进程，直到你的资源消耗尽。</p>
<pre class="screen">
:() { :|:& }; :
.() { .|.& }; .
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="example.backup"></a>1.10.2. backup</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
#!/bin/sh
umount /mnt/backup
mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/backup
if [ `date +%d` = '01' ] #每月1号进行完全备份
then
bakdir="/mnt/bak/daybak/month/"`date +%m%d`
zl="" #进行完全备份
else
backup_dir="/mnt/backup/"`date +%d`
zl="-N "`date +'%Y-%m-01 00:00:01'`; #差异备份
#zl="-N "`date -d '-1 day' +'%Y-%m-%d 00:00:01'` #日增量备份
fi
tar "${zl}" -czf ${backup_dir}/www.tgz /var/www
umount /mnt/backup
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="example.cpuinfo"></a>1.10.3. CPU 核心数</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="example.password"></a>1.10.4. Password</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="example"><a id="idp159"></a><p class="title"><strong>例 1.12. random password</strong></p><div class="example-contents">
<pre class="screen">
cat /dev/urandom | head -1 | md5sum | head -c 8
od -N 4 -t x4 /dev/random | head -1 | awk '{print $2}'
</pre>
</div></div><br class="example-break" />
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="example.processes"></a>1.10.5. processes</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idp39"></a>1.10.5.1. pid</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
neo@debian:~/html/temp$ pidof lighttpd
2775
neo@debian:~/html/temp$ pgrep lighttpd
2775
neo@debian:~/html/temp$ pid=`pidof lighttpd`
neo@debian:~/html/temp$ echo $pid
2775
</pre>
<pre class="screen">
# user=`whoami`
# pgrep -u $user -f cassandra | xargs kill -9
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idp40"></a>1.10.5.2. kill</h4></div></div></div>
<p>kill 占用7800端口的进程</p>
<pre class="screen">
kill -9 `netstat -nlp | grep '192.168.0.5:7800' | awk -F ' ' '{print $7}' | awk -F '/' '{print $1}'`
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idp41"></a>1.10.5.3. pgrep</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
#!/bin/bash
ntpdate 172.16.10.10
pid=$(pgrep rsync)
if [ -z "$pid" ]; then
rsync -auzP --delete -e ssh --exclude=example/images --exclude=project/product --exclude=project/templates/caches root@172.16.10.10:/www/project /www
fi
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="example1"></a>1.10.6. Shell 技巧</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idp42"></a>1.10.6.1. 行转列，再批评</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
echo "abc def gfh ijk"| sed "s:\ :\n:g" |grep -w gfh
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idp43"></a>1.10.6.2. for vs while</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
echo "aaa bbb ccc" > test.txt
echo "ddd eee fff" >> test.txt
</pre>
<pre class="screen">
for line in $(cat test.txt)
do
echo $line
done
</pre>
<pre class="screen">
cat test.txt| while read line
do
echo $line
done
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idp44"></a>1.10.6.3. 遍历字符串</h4></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
# find . -name "*.html" -o -name "*.php" -o -name '*.dwt' -printf "[%p] " -exec grep -c 'head' {} \; | grep -v "0$" |more
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="example.convert"></a>1.10.7. to convert utf-8 from gb2312 code</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
perl - MEncode - pi - e ' $_=encode_utf8(decode(gb2312=>$_)) ' filename
for f in `find .`; do [ -f $f ] && perl -MEncode -pi -e '$_=encode_utf8(decode(gb2312=>$_))' $f; done;
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="example.memory"></a>1.10.8. 使用内存的百分比 </h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ free | sed -n 2p | awk '{print "used="$3/$2*100"%","free="$4/$2*100"%"}'
used=53.9682% free=46.0318%
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="example.log"></a>1.10.9. 合并apache被cronlog分割的log文件</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
$ find 2009 -type f -name access.log -exec cat {} >> access.log \;
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="idp45"></a>1.10.10. Linux 交集 差集 并集</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="screen">
测试文件如下:
[root@test23 ~]# cat a.txt
1.1.1.1
2.2.2.2
3.3.3.3
1.2.3.4
[root@test23 ~]# cat b.txt
4.4.4.4
1.2.3.4
2.2.2.2
a.b.c.d
```
#### grep
```
1) 差集
// 使用 grep -v 和 -f 参数方式 是最容易想到的
[root@test23 ~]# grep -v -f a.txt b.txt
4.4.4.4
a.b.c.d
[root@test23 ~]# grep -v -f b.txt a.txt
1.1.1.1
3.3.3.3
```
#### uniq
```
1) 差集
// -u表示的是输出出现次数为1的内容
[root@test23 ~]# sort a.txt b.txt | uniq -u
1.1.1.1
3.3.3.3
4.4.4.4
a.b.c.d
2) 并集
[root@test23 ~]# sort a.txt b.txt | uniq
1.1.1.1
1.2.3.4
2.2.2.2
3.3.3.3
4.4.4.4
a.b.c.d
3) 交集
// -d 表示的是输出出现次数大于1的内容
[root@test23 ~]# sort a.txt b.txt | uniq -d
1.2.3.4
2.2.2.2
</pre>
</div>
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