diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/epic.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/epic.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7e9a32ab454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/epic.md
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+---
+name: Epic
+about: Umbrella issue for a major initiative tracked via sub-issues.
+title: "Epic: "
+labels: epic
+---
+
+<!--
+An Epic is the umbrella for work that ships as several tracking issues. Attach
+them with GitHub's "Create sub-issue" or "Add existing sub-issue" button. The
+sub-issue panel tracks progress, so this issue does not need a checklist.
+
+Keep this issue readable. Route discussion elsewhere:
+
+- Open-ended scope or product questions: open a GitHub Discussion and link it
+  here.
+- Design debate scoped to one piece of work: open a tracking issue as a
+  sub-issue and discuss it there.
+- Bug reports: file a bug issue and reference this Epic.
+
+Short clarifying comments are fine. Long threads should be redirected.
+-->
+
+This Epic is for ...
+
+<!--
+One or two sentences explaining this Epic.
+
+Please also link any roadmap, design, or external context that helps readers
+understand the scope.
+-->
+
+## Status
+
+<!--
+Proposed / Active / Blocked / Complete. Briefly explain the current state.
+-->
+
+**Proposed.**
+
+## Goal
+
+<!--
+Cover both:
+
+- What "done" looks like for a user or downstream consumer. Name the concrete
+  API, format, encoding, or benchmark.
+- What people might reasonably expect this Epic to cover but it will not.
+  Non-goals stop scope creep.
+-->
+
+## Motivation
+
+<!--
+Why this, why now? Cover:
+
+- The concrete problem and who/what hits it. Examples: a downstream integration
+  (DataFusion, DuckDB, Python, Java), a benchmark gap (TPC-H, ClickBench,
+  vortex-bench), or a file format or encoding limitation.
+- What is currently blocked, slower, or larger than it should be. Link the
+  benchmark numbers, profile output, or related issues.
+
+If the answer is "it would be nice to have", the Epic is not ready.
+-->
+
+## Unresolved questions
+
+<!--
+Scope-level questions that must be answered before this Epic closes.
+Implementation questions belong in the relevant tracking issue.
+
+Each entry should be specific enough that a future reader can tell whether it
+has been answered. If a question grows large, please create a new tracking
+issue or Discussion and link it.
+-->
+
+- [ ] None yet.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/tracking_issue.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/tracking_issue.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5a8a66d869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/tracking_issue.md
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+---
+name: Tracking Issue
+about: A tracking issue for a feature or initiative in Vortex.
+title: "Tracking Issue: "
+labels: tracking-issue
+---
+
+<!--
+Thank you for opening a tracking issue. Tracking issues record a feature's
+progress from design to landing and connect related bugs, PRs, and design
+questions. They should stay readable a year from now.
+
+Route discussion elsewhere:
+
+- Bug reports surfaced while implementing: file a bug issue and reference this
+  tracking issue.
+- A design thread big enough to need its own page: spawn a tracking issue (as
+  a sub-issue of this one if it is narrow) and discuss it there.
+
+Short clarifying comments are fine. Long threads should be redirected.
+-->
+
+This is a tracking issue for ...
+
+<!--
+State what the feature is and where it lives in the codebase (crate, module,
+file format, encoding). Link the parent Epic, design doc, prototype PR, or
+external reference if any.
+-->
+
+## Motivation
+
+<!--
+Optional. Skip if this is a sub-issue of an Epic that already covers the why.
+
+For standalone tracking issues, cover:
+
+- The concrete problem and who hits it. Examples: a downstream integration
+  (DataFusion, DuckDB, Python, Java), a benchmark gap (TPC-H, ClickBench,
+  vortex-bench), a regression against Parquet or Arrow, or a file format or
+  encoding limitation.
+- What is currently blocked, slower, or larger than it should be. Link the
+  benchmark numbers, profile output, or related issues.
+-->
+
+## Design
+
+<!--
+Optional but recommended. Size to fit the work:
+
+- API additions: a stripped-down signature block. Rust traits or functions,
+  file-format struct, or wire-format message. Drop doc comments and bodies.
+- Behavioral changes: a short before / after description, ideally with a small
+  example.
+- Architectural changes: a paragraph explaining the new shape, or a link to a
+  design doc.
+
+Skip only if the change is fully obvious from the title. The Design section is
+what lets a reviewer judge whether the Steps below are the right ones.
+-->
+
+## Steps
+
+<!--
+Major checkpoints required to call this feature done. A handful of milestones,
+not every PR. Tick steps as they land; do not delete them.
+
+Steps are milestones, not PRs (initial implementation, documentation,
+stabilization). If a step is itself a separable shippable unit, promote it to
+a sub-issue.
+-->
+
+- [ ] Initial implementation
+- [ ] Documentation
+- [ ] Public API stabilization
+
+## Unresolved questions
+
+<!--
+Open design or implementation questions blocking progress. Link discussions
+and conclusions so a future reader can see how each question was settled.
+
+If a question is large enough to need its own thread, spawn a tracking issue
+or Discussion and link it.
+-->
+
+- [ ] None yet.
+
+## Implementation history
+
+<!--
+A running log of every PR that touched this feature: initial implementation,
+follow-ups, fixes, reverts. Grows continuously and is never ticked off. The
+archaeology trail for someone reading this issue a year later.
+
+Add PRs as they merge, in chronological order. A one-line description per PR
+is helpful but not required.
+-->
diff --git a/.github/runs-on.yml b/.github/runs-on.yml
index b1bfde5c961..6a904a6a10d 100644
--- a/.github/runs-on.yml
+++ b/.github/runs-on.yml
@@ -1 +1,6 @@
 _extends: .github-private
+images:
+  ubuntu24-full-arm64-pre:
+    platform: "linux"
+    arch: "arm64"
+    ami: "ami-08f97c6362847dc5d"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/stale.yml b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
index 6f47fb3b8e1..0acb0a15a55 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/stale.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: Close inactive PRs
 on:
   schedule:
     - cron: "30 1 * * *"
-  workflow_dispatch:
+  workflow_dispatch: { }
 
 jobs:
   close-issues:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/web.yml b/.github/workflows/web.yml
index 67d54c48508..b429e398b3b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/web.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/web.yml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 on:
-  pull_request:
+  pull_request: { }
   push:
     branches: [develop]
 
diff --git a/.yamllint.yaml b/.yamllint.yaml
index 5fd2694dabf..85f7142a9a9 100644
--- a/.yamllint.yaml
+++ b/.yamllint.yaml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ rules:
   document-end: disable
   document-start: disable
   empty-lines: enable
-  empty-values: disable
+  empty-values: enable
   float-values: disable
   hyphens: enable
   indentation: enable
@@ -38,9 +38,10 @@ rules:
   line-length: disable
   new-line-at-end-of-file: enable
   new-lines: enable
-  octal-values: disable
+  octal-values: enable
   quoted-strings:
     quote-type: double
     required: false
   trailing-spaces: enable
-  truthy: disable
+  truthy:
+    check-keys: false
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 7292f998922..f9fd5e6e960 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
  "cexpr",
  "clang-sys",
- "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "itertools 0.13.0",
  "log",
  "prettyplease",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -1421,7 +1421,7 @@ checksum = "0b023947811758c97c59bf9d1c188fd619ad4718dcaa767947df1cadb14f39f4"
 dependencies = [
  "glob",
  "libc",
- "libloading",
+ "libloading 0.8.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1488,7 +1488,7 @@ checksum = "af491d569909a7e4dee0ad7db7f5341fef5c614d5b8ec8cf765732aba3cff681"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "termcolor",
- "unicode-width 0.1.14",
+ "unicode-width 0.2.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1995,12 +1995,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cudarc"
-version = "0.18.2"
+version = "0.19.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3aa12038120eb13347a6ae2ffab1d34efe78150125108627fd85044dd4d6ff1e"
+checksum = "f071cd6a7b5d51607df76aa2d426aaabc7a74bc6bdb885b8afa63a880572ad9b"
 dependencies = [
  "half",
- "libloading",
+ "libloading 0.9.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3666,7 +3666,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "clap",
- "similar",
+ "similar 3.1.0",
  "tokio",
  "tracing",
  "vortex",
@@ -4734,7 +4734,7 @@ checksum = "7b4a6248eb93a4401ed2f37dfe8ea592d3cf05b7cf4f8efa867b6895af7e094e"
 dependencies = [
  "console 0.16.3",
  "once_cell",
- "similar",
+ "similar 2.7.0",
  "tempfile",
 ]
 
@@ -4918,7 +4918,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "java-locator",
  "jni-macros",
  "jni-sys 0.4.1",
- "libloading",
+ "libloading 0.8.9",
  "log",
  "simd_cesu8",
  "thiserror 2.0.18",
@@ -5658,6 +5658,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-link",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "libloading"
+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "754ca22de805bb5744484a5b151a9e1a8e837d5dc232c2d7d8c2e3492edc8b60"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "liblzma"
 version = "0.4.6"
@@ -6874,7 +6884,7 @@ checksum = "044b1fa4f259f4df9ad5078e587b208f5d288a25407575fcddb9face30c7c692"
 dependencies = [
  "rand 0.9.4",
  "socket2",
- "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "thiserror 2.0.18",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -7081,7 +7091,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "343d3bd7056eda839b03204e68deff7d1b13aba7af2b2fd16890697274262ee7"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
- "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "itertools 0.14.0",
  "log",
  "multimap",
  "petgraph",
@@ -7113,7 +7123,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "27c6023962132f4b30eb4c172c91ce92d933da334c59c23cddee82358ddafb0b"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "itertools 0.14.0",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "syn 2.0.117",
@@ -8543,6 +8553,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-segmentation",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "similar"
+version = "3.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "04d93e861ede2e497b47833469b8ec9d5c07fa4c78ce7a00f6eb7dd8168b4b3f"
+dependencies = [
+ "bstr",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "similar-asserts"
 version = "1.7.0"
@@ -8550,7 +8569,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b5b441962c817e33508847a22bd82f03a30cff43642dc2fae8b050566121eb9a"
 dependencies = [
  "console 0.15.11",
- "similar",
+ "similar 2.7.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8677,7 +8696,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "owo-colors",
  "rand 0.8.6",
  "regex",
- "similar",
+ "similar 2.7.0",
  "subst",
  "tempfile",
  "thiserror 2.0.18",
@@ -10283,7 +10302,7 @@ name = "vortex-cub"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bindgen",
- "libloading",
+ "libloading 0.8.9",
  "paste",
  "vortex-array",
  "vortex-cuda-macros",
@@ -10692,6 +10711,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "vortex-io",
  "vortex-mask",
  "vortex-metrics",
+ "vortex-runend",
  "vortex-scan",
  "vortex-sequence",
  "vortex-session",
@@ -10724,7 +10744,7 @@ name = "vortex-nvcomp"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bindgen",
- "libloading",
+ "libloading 0.8.9",
  "liblzma",
  "reqwest 0.13.2",
  "tar",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 4ddcfbe3d43..7770a59d03d 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -120,14 +120,13 @@ chrono = "0.4.42"
 clap = "4.5"
 criterion = "0.8"
 crossterm = "0.29"
-cudarc = { version = "0.18.2", features = [
+cudarc = { version = "0.19.0", features = [
     # The NSight Compute version available on lambda.ai hosts does not inject a symbol for
     # several functions that cudarc expects to load when this is set to "cuda-12080". We
     # don't use any CUDA 12.8 specific features currently so this is fine.
     "cuda-12050",
 ] }
 custom-labels = "0.4.4"
-daachorse = "1.0.0"
 dashmap = "6.1.0"
 datafusion = { version = "53", default-features = false, features = ["sql"] }
 datafusion-catalog = { version = "53" }
@@ -227,7 +226,7 @@ serde_json = "1.0.138"
 serde_test = "1.0.176"
 sha2 = "0.11.0"
 simdutf8 = "0.1.5"
-similar = "2.7.0"
+similar = "3.0.0"
 sketches-ddsketch = "0.4.0"
 smol = "2.0.2"
 static_assertions = "1.1"
@@ -347,6 +346,8 @@ mem_forget = "deny"
 multiple_crate_versions = "allow"
 needless_range_loop = "allow"
 or_fun_call = "deny"
+ref_option = "deny"
+ref_option_ref = "deny"
 panic = "deny"
 # panic_in_result_fn = "deny" -- we cannot disable this for tests to use assertions
 clone_on_ref_ptr = "deny"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index b36509bdc1b..df5a70c09d7 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 
 [Join the community on Slack!](https://vortex.dev/slack) | [Documentation](https://docs.vortex.dev/) | [Performance Benchmarks](https://bench.vortex.dev)
 
+If you are interested in closer collaboration, please email info@vortex.dev
+
 ## Overview
 
 Vortex is a next-generation columnar file format and toolkit designed for high-performance data processing.
diff --git a/benchmarks-website/package-lock.json b/benchmarks-website/package-lock.json
index d140b73d225..3ac868cf12a 100644
--- a/benchmarks-website/package-lock.json
+++ b/benchmarks-website/package-lock.json
@@ -8,808 +8,58 @@
       "name": "vortex-benchmarks-website",
       "version": "2.0.0",
       "dependencies": {
-        "chart.js": "^4.4.4",
-        "chartjs-plugin-zoom": "^2.0.1",
+        "chart.js": "^4.5.1",
+        "chartjs-plugin-zoom": "^2.2.0",
         "downsample": "^1.4.0",
         "hammerjs": "^2.0.8",
-        "lucide-react": "^0.577.0",
-        "react": "^18.3.1",
-        "react-chartjs-2": "^5.2.0",
-        "react-dom": "^18.3.1"
+        "lucide-react": "^1.11.0",
+        "react": "^19.2.5",
+        "react-chartjs-2": "^5.3.1",
+        "react-dom": "^19.2.5"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
-        "@types/react": "^18.3.3",
-        "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.0",
-        "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.3.1",
-        "concurrently": "^8.2.2",
-        "vite": "^6.0.0"
+        "@types/react": "^19.2.14",
+        "@types/react-dom": "^19.2.3",
+        "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^6.0.1",
+        "concurrently": "^9.2.1",
+        "vite": "^8.0.10"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=18.0.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@babel/code-frame": {
-      "version": "7.29.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.29.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-9NhCeYjq9+3uxgdtp20LSiJXJvN0FeCtNGpJxuMFZ1Kv3cWUNb6DOhJwUvcVCzKGR66cw4njwM6hrJLqgOwbcw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.28.5",
-        "js-tokens": "^4.0.0",
-        "picocolors": "^1.1.1"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=6.9.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/compat-data": {
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-      "license": "MIT",
-      "engines": {
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-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/core": {
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-      "license": "MIT",
-      "dependencies": {
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-        "@babel/types": "^7.29.0",
-        "@jridgewell/remapping": "^2.3.5",
-        "convert-source-map": "^2.0.0",
-        "debug": "^4.1.0",
-        "gensync": "^1.0.0-beta.2",
-        "json5": "^2.2.3",
-        "semver": "^6.3.1"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=6.9.0"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "type": "opencollective",
-        "url": "https://opencollective.com/babel"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/generator": {
-      "version": "7.29.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/generator/-/generator-7.29.1.tgz",
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-      "license": "MIT",
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-        "@babel/types": "^7.29.0",
-        "@jridgewell/gen-mapping": "^0.3.12",
-        "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "^0.3.28",
-        "jsesc": "^3.0.2"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=6.9.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/helper-compilation-targets": {
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-      "license": "MIT",
-      "dependencies": {
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-        "@babel/helper-validator-option": "^7.27.1",
-        "browserslist": "^4.24.0",
-        "lru-cache": "^5.1.1",
-        "semver": "^6.3.1"
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-        "node": ">=6.9.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/helper-globals": {
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-      "license": "MIT",
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+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 12.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "opencollective",
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/parcel"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/lightningcss-win32-arm64-msvc": {
+      "version": "1.32.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lightningcss-win32-arm64-msvc/-/lightningcss-win32-arm64-msvc-1.32.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-8SbC8BR40pS6baCM8sbtYDSwEVQd4JlFTOlaD3gWGHfThTcABnNDBda6eTZeqbofalIJhFx0qKzgHJmcPTnGdw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MPL-2.0",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 12.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "opencollective",
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/parcel"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/lightningcss-win32-x64-msvc": {
+      "version": "1.32.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lightningcss-win32-x64-msvc/-/lightningcss-win32-x64-msvc-1.32.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Amq9B/SoZYdDi1kFrojnoqPLxYhQ4Wo5XiL8EVJrVsB8ARoC1PWW6VGtT0WKCemjy8aC+louJnjS7U18x3b06Q==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MPL-2.0",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 12.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "opencollective",
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/parcel"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/lucide-react": {
-      "version": "0.577.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lucide-react/-/lucide-react-0.577.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-4LjoFv2eEPwYDPg/CUdBJQSDfPyzXCRrVW1X7jrx/trgxnxkHFjnVZINbzvzxjN70dxychOfg+FTYwBiS3pQ5A==",
+      "version": "1.11.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lucide-react/-/lucide-react-1.11.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-UOhjdztXCgdBReRcIhsvz2siIBogfv/lhJEIViCpLt924dO+GDms9T7DNoucI23s6kEPpe988m5N0D2ajnzb2g==",
       "license": "ISC",
       "peerDependencies": {
         "react": "^16.5.1 || ^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/ms": {
-      "version": "2.1.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ms/-/ms-2.1.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-6FlzubTLZG3J2a/NVCAleEhjzq5oxgHyaCU9yYXvcLsvoVaHJq/s5xXI6/XXP6tz7R9xAOtHnSO/tXtF3WRTlA==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT"
-    },
     "node_modules/nanoid": {
       "version": "3.3.11",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/nanoid/-/nanoid-3.3.11.tgz",
@@ -1832,13 +996,6 @@
         "node": "^10 || ^12 || ^13.7 || ^14 || >=15.0.1"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/node-releases": {
-      "version": "2.0.38",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/node-releases/-/node-releases-2.0.38.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-3qT/88Y3FbH/Kx4szpQQ4HzUbVrHPKTLVpVocKiLfoYvw9XSGOX2FmD2d6DrXbVYyAQTF2HeF6My8jmzx7/CRw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT"
-    },
     "node_modules/picocolors": {
       "version": "1.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picocolors/-/picocolors-1.1.1.tgz",
@@ -1860,9 +1017,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/postcss": {
-      "version": "8.5.10",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/postcss/-/postcss-8.5.10.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-pMMHxBOZKFU6HgAZ4eyGnwXF/EvPGGqUr0MnZ5+99485wwW41kW91A4LOGxSHhgugZmSChL5AlElNdwlNgcnLQ==",
+      "version": "8.5.12",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/postcss/-/postcss-8.5.12.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-W62t/Se6rA0Az3DfCL0AqJwXuKwBeYg6nOaIgzP+xZ7N5BFCI7DYi1qs6ygUYT6rvfi6t9k65UMLJC+PHZpDAA==",
       "dev": true,
       "funding": [
         {
@@ -1889,13 +1046,10 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/react": {
-      "version": "18.3.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react/-/react-18.3.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-wS+hAgJShR0KhEvPJArfuPVN1+Hz1t0Y6n5jLrGQbkb4urgPE/0Rve+1kMB1v/oWgHgm4WIcV+i7F2pTVj+2iQ==",
+      "version": "19.2.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react/-/react-19.2.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-llUJLzz1zTUBrskt2pwZgLq59AemifIftw4aB7JxOqf1HY2FDaGDxgwpAPVzHU1kdWabH7FauP4i1oEeer2WCA==",
       "license": "MIT",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "loose-envify": "^1.1.0"
-      },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=0.10.0"
       }
@@ -1911,26 +1065,15 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/react-dom": {
-      "version": "18.3.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-dom/-/react-dom-18.3.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-5m4nQKp+rZRb09LNH59GM4BxTh9251/ylbKIbpe7TpGxfJ+9kv6BLkLBXIjjspbgbnIBNqlI23tRnTWT0snUIw==",
+      "version": "19.2.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-dom/-/react-dom-19.2.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-J5bAZz+DXMMwW/wV3xzKke59Af6CHY7G4uYLN1OvBcKEsWOs4pQExj86BBKamxl/Ik5bx9whOrvBlSDfWzgSag==",
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "loose-envify": "^1.1.0",
-        "scheduler": "^0.23.2"
+        "scheduler": "^0.27.0"
       },
       "peerDependencies": {
-        "react": "^18.3.1"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/react-refresh": {
-      "version": "0.17.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-refresh/-/react-refresh-0.17.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-z6F7K9bV85EfseRCp2bzrpyQ0Gkw1uLoCel9XBVWPg/TjRj94SkJzUTGfOa4bs7iJvBWtQG0Wq7wnI0syw3EBQ==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=0.10.0"
+        "react": "^19.2.5"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/require-directory": {
@@ -1943,50 +1086,46 @@
         "node": ">=0.10.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/rollup": {
-      "version": "4.60.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rollup/-/rollup-4.60.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-J9qZyW++QK/09NyN/zeO0dG/1GdGfyp9lV8ajHnRVLfo/uFsbji5mHnDgn/qYdUHyCkM2N+8VyspgZclfAh0eQ==",
+    "node_modules/rolldown": {
+      "version": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rolldown/-/rolldown-1.0.0-rc.17.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ZrT53oAKrtA4+YtBWPQbtPOxIbVDbxT0orcYERKd63VJTF13zPcgXTvD4843L8pcsI7M6MErt8QtON6lrB9tyA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@types/estree": "1.0.8"
+        "@oxc-project/types": "=0.127.0",
+        "@rolldown/pluginutils": "1.0.0-rc.17"
       },
       "bin": {
-        "rollup": "dist/bin/rollup"
+        "rolldown": "bin/cli.mjs"
       },
       "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18.0.0",
-        "npm": ">=8.0.0"
+        "node": "^20.19.0 || >=22.12.0"
       },
       "optionalDependencies": {
-        "@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-android-arm64": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-darwin-arm64": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-darwin-x64": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-arm64": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-x64": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-gnueabihf": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-gnu": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-musl": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-gnu": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-musl": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-gnu": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-musl": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-musl": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-musl": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-openbsd-x64": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-openharmony-arm64": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-gnu": "4.60.2",
-        "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc": "4.60.2",
-        "fsevents": "~2.3.2"
-      }
+        "@rolldown/binding-android-arm64": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+        "@rolldown/binding-darwin-arm64": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+        "@rolldown/binding-darwin-x64": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+        "@rolldown/binding-freebsd-x64": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+        "@rolldown/binding-linux-arm-gnueabihf": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+        "@rolldown/binding-linux-arm64-gnu": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+        "@rolldown/binding-linux-arm64-musl": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+        "@rolldown/binding-linux-ppc64-gnu": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+        "@rolldown/binding-linux-s390x-gnu": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+        "@rolldown/binding-linux-x64-gnu": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+        "@rolldown/binding-linux-x64-musl": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+        "@rolldown/binding-openharmony-arm64": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+        "@rolldown/binding-wasm32-wasi": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+        "@rolldown/binding-win32-arm64-msvc": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+        "@rolldown/binding-win32-x64-msvc": "1.0.0-rc.17"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/rolldown/node_modules/@rolldown/pluginutils": {
+      "version": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rolldown/pluginutils/-/pluginutils-1.0.0-rc.17.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-n8iosDOt6Ig1UhJ2AYqoIhHWh/isz0xpicHTzpKBeotdVsTEcxsSA/i3EVM7gQAj0rU27OLAxCjzlj15IWY7bg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/rxjs": {
       "version": "7.8.2",
@@ -1999,23 +1138,10 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/scheduler": {
-      "version": "0.23.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/scheduler/-/scheduler-0.23.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-UOShsPwz7NrMUqhR6t0hWjFduvOzbtv7toDH1/hIrfRNIDBnnBWd0CwJTGvTpngVlmwGCdP9/Zl/tVrDqcuYzQ==",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "loose-envify": "^1.1.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/semver": {
-      "version": "6.3.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-6.3.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-BR7VvDCVHO+q2xBEWskxS6DJE1qRnb7DxzUrogb71CWoSficBxYsiAGd+Kl0mmq/MprG9yArRkyrQxTO6XjMzA==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "ISC",
-      "bin": {
-        "semver": "bin/semver.js"
-      }
+      "version": "0.27.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/scheduler/-/scheduler-0.27.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-eNv+WrVbKu1f3vbYJT/xtiF5syA5HPIMtf9IgY/nKg0sWqzAUEvqY/xm7OcZc/qafLx/iO9FgOmeSAp4v5ti/Q==",
+      "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/shell-quote": {
       "version": "1.8.3",
@@ -2040,12 +1166,6 @@
         "node": ">=0.10.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/spawn-command": {
-      "version": "0.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/spawn-command/-/spawn-command-0.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-zC8zGoGkmc8J9ndvml8Xksr1Amk9qBujgbF0JAIWO7kXr43w0h/0GJNM/Vustixu+YE8N/MTrQ7N31FvHUACxQ==",
-      "dev": true
-    },
     "node_modules/string-width": {
       "version": "4.2.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/string-width/-/string-width-4.2.3.tgz",
@@ -2124,56 +1244,24 @@
       "dev": true,
       "license": "0BSD"
     },
-    "node_modules/update-browserslist-db": {
-      "version": "1.2.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/update-browserslist-db/-/update-browserslist-db-1.2.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Js0m9cx+qOgDxo0eMiFGEueWztz+d4+M3rGlmKPT+T4IS/jP4ylw3Nwpu6cpTTP8R1MAC1kF4VbdLt3ARf209w==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "funding": [
-        {
-          "type": "opencollective",
-          "url": "https://opencollective.com/browserslist"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "tidelift",
-          "url": "https://tidelift.com/funding/github/npm/browserslist"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "github",
-          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ai"
-        }
-      ],
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "escalade": "^3.2.0",
-        "picocolors": "^1.1.1"
-      },
-      "bin": {
-        "update-browserslist-db": "cli.js"
-      },
-      "peerDependencies": {
-        "browserslist": ">= 4.21.0"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/vite": {
-      "version": "6.4.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vite/-/vite-6.4.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-2N/55r4JDJ4gdrCvGgINMy+HH3iRpNIz8K6SFwVsA+JbQScLiC+clmAxBgwiSPgcG9U15QmvqCGWzMbqda5zGQ==",
+      "version": "8.0.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vite/-/vite-8.0.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-rZuUu9j6J5uotLDs+cAA4O5H4K1SfPliUlQwqa6YEwSrWDZzP4rhm00oJR5snMewjxF5V/K3D4kctsUTsIU9Mw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "esbuild": "^0.25.0",
-        "fdir": "^6.4.4",
-        "picomatch": "^4.0.2",
-        "postcss": "^8.5.3",
-        "rollup": "^4.34.9",
-        "tinyglobby": "^0.2.13"
+        "lightningcss": "^1.32.0",
+        "picomatch": "^4.0.4",
+        "postcss": "^8.5.10",
+        "rolldown": "1.0.0-rc.17",
+        "tinyglobby": "^0.2.16"
       },
       "bin": {
         "vite": "bin/vite.js"
       },
       "engines": {
-        "node": "^18.0.0 || ^20.0.0 || >=22.0.0"
+        "node": "^20.19.0 || >=22.12.0"
       },
       "funding": {
         "url": "https://github.com/vitejs/vite?sponsor=1"
@@ -2182,14 +1270,15 @@
         "fsevents": "~2.3.3"
       },
       "peerDependencies": {
-        "@types/node": "^18.0.0 || ^20.0.0 || >=22.0.0",
+        "@types/node": "^20.19.0 || >=22.12.0",
+        "@vitejs/devtools": "^0.1.0",
+        "esbuild": "^0.27.0 || ^0.28.0",
         "jiti": ">=1.21.0",
-        "less": "*",
-        "lightningcss": "^1.21.0",
-        "sass": "*",
-        "sass-embedded": "*",
-        "stylus": "*",
-        "sugarss": "*",
+        "less": "^4.0.0",
+        "sass": "^1.70.0",
+        "sass-embedded": "^1.70.0",
+        "stylus": ">=0.54.8",
+        "sugarss": "^5.0.0",
         "terser": "^5.16.0",
         "tsx": "^4.8.1",
         "yaml": "^2.4.2"
@@ -2198,13 +1287,16 @@
         "@types/node": {
           "optional": true
         },
-        "jiti": {
+        "@vitejs/devtools": {
           "optional": true
         },
-        "less": {
+        "esbuild": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "jiti": {
           "optional": true
         },
-        "lightningcss": {
+        "less": {
           "optional": true
         },
         "sass": {
@@ -2258,13 +1350,6 @@
         "node": ">=10"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/yallist": {
-      "version": "3.1.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yallist/-/yallist-3.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-a4UGQaWPH59mOXUYnAG2ewncQS4i4F43Tv3JoAM+s2VDAmS9NsK8GpDMLrCHPksFT7h3K6TOoUNn2pb7RoXx4g==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "ISC"
-    },
     "node_modules/yargs": {
       "version": "17.7.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yargs/-/yargs-17.7.2.tgz",
diff --git a/benchmarks-website/package.json b/benchmarks-website/package.json
index 6cda687b838..879aea5857c 100644
--- a/benchmarks-website/package.json
+++ b/benchmarks-website/package.json
@@ -13,20 +13,20 @@
     "node": ">=18.0.0"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "chart.js": "^4.4.4",
-    "chartjs-plugin-zoom": "^2.0.1",
+    "chart.js": "^4.5.1",
+    "chartjs-plugin-zoom": "^2.2.0",
     "downsample": "^1.4.0",
     "hammerjs": "^2.0.8",
-    "lucide-react": "^0.577.0",
-    "react": "^18.3.1",
-    "react-chartjs-2": "^5.2.0",
-    "react-dom": "^18.3.1"
+    "lucide-react": "^1.11.0",
+    "react": "^19.2.5",
+    "react-chartjs-2": "^5.3.1",
+    "react-dom": "^19.2.5"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@types/react": "^18.3.3",
-    "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.0",
-    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.3.1",
-    "concurrently": "^8.2.2",
-    "vite": "^6.0.0"
+    "@types/react": "^19.2.14",
+    "@types/react-dom": "^19.2.3",
+    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^6.0.1",
+    "concurrently": "^9.2.1",
+    "vite": "^8.0.10"
   }
 }
diff --git a/encodings/alp/src/alp/array.rs b/encodings/alp/src/alp/array.rs
index caba6d60ec7..63549dc24f8 100644
--- a/encodings/alp/src/alp/array.rs
+++ b/encodings/alp/src/alp/array.rs
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ impl VTable for ALP {
             })
             .transpose()?;
 
-        let slots = ALPData::make_slots(&encoded, &patches);
+        let slots = ALPData::make_slots(&encoded, patches.as_ref());
         let data = ALPData::new(
             Exponents {
                 e: u8::try_from(metadata.exp_e)?,
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ impl ALP {
     pub fn new(encoded: ArrayRef, exponents: Exponents, patches: Option<Patches>) -> ALPArray {
         let dtype = ALPData::logical_dtype(&encoded).vortex_expect("ALP encoded dtype");
         let len = encoded.len();
-        let slots = ALPData::make_slots(&encoded, &patches);
+        let slots = ALPData::make_slots(&encoded, patches.as_ref());
         unsafe {
             Array::from_parts_unchecked(
                 ArrayParts::new(ALP, dtype, len, ALPData::new(exponents, patches))
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ impl ALP {
     ) -> VortexResult<ALPArray> {
         let dtype = ALPData::logical_dtype(&encoded)?;
         let len = encoded.len();
-        let slots = ALPData::make_slots(&encoded, &patches);
+        let slots = ALPData::make_slots(&encoded, patches.as_ref());
         let data = ALPData::new(exponents, patches);
         Array::try_from_parts(ArrayParts::new(ALP, dtype, len, data).with_slots(slots))
     }
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ impl ALP {
     ) -> ALPArray {
         let dtype = ALPData::logical_dtype(&encoded).vortex_expect("ALP encoded dtype");
         let len = encoded.len();
-        let slots = ALPData::make_slots(&encoded, &patches);
+        let slots = ALPData::make_slots(&encoded, patches.as_ref());
         let data = unsafe { ALPData::new_unchecked(exponents, patches) };
         unsafe {
             Array::from_parts_unchecked(ArrayParts::new(ALP, dtype, len, data).with_slots(slots))
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ impl ALP {
 }
 
 impl ALPData {
-    fn make_slots(encoded: &ArrayRef, patches: &Option<Patches>) -> Vec<Option<ArrayRef>> {
+    fn make_slots(encoded: &ArrayRef, patches: Option<&Patches>) -> Vec<Option<ArrayRef>> {
         let (patch_indices, patch_values, patch_chunk_offsets) = match patches {
             Some(p) => (
                 Some(p.indices().clone()),
diff --git a/encodings/alp/src/alp_rd/array.rs b/encodings/alp/src/alp_rd/array.rs
index 17742168f83..0c25717db6f 100644
--- a/encodings/alp/src/alp_rd/array.rs
+++ b/encodings/alp/src/alp_rd/array.rs
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ impl VTable for ALPRD {
             left_parts_patches,
             &mut LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx(),
         )?;
-        let slots = ALPRDData::make_slots(&left_parts, &right_parts, &left_parts_patches);
+        let slots = ALPRDData::make_slots(&left_parts, &right_parts, left_parts_patches.as_ref());
         let data = ALPRDData::new(
             left_parts_dictionary,
             u8::try_from(metadata.right_bit_width).map_err(|_| {
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ impl ALPRD {
         let len = left_parts.len();
         let left_parts_patches =
             ALPRDData::canonicalize_patches(&left_parts, left_parts_patches, ctx)?;
-        let slots = ALPRDData::make_slots(&left_parts, &right_parts, &left_parts_patches);
+        let slots = ALPRDData::make_slots(&left_parts, &right_parts, left_parts_patches.as_ref());
         let data = ALPRDData::new(left_parts_dictionary, right_bit_width, left_parts_patches);
         Array::try_from_parts(ArrayParts::new(ALPRD, dtype, len, data).with_slots(slots))
     }
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ impl ALPRD {
         left_parts_patches: Option<Patches>,
     ) -> ALPRDArray {
         let len = left_parts.len();
-        let slots = ALPRDData::make_slots(&left_parts, &right_parts, &left_parts_patches);
+        let slots = ALPRDData::make_slots(&left_parts, &right_parts, left_parts_patches.as_ref());
         let data = unsafe {
             ALPRDData::new_unchecked(left_parts_dictionary, right_bit_width, left_parts_patches)
         };
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ impl ALPRDData {
     fn make_slots(
         left_parts: &ArrayRef,
         right_parts: &ArrayRef,
-        patches: &Option<Patches>,
+        patches: Option<&Patches>,
     ) -> Vec<Option<ArrayRef>> {
         let (pi, pv, pco) = match patches {
             Some(p) => (
diff --git a/encodings/fastlanes/benches/compute_between.rs b/encodings/fastlanes/benches/compute_between.rs
index 945dd9f0d5c..1630764ff8e 100644
--- a/encodings/fastlanes/benches/compute_between.rs
+++ b/encodings/fastlanes/benches/compute_between.rs
@@ -83,51 +83,11 @@ mod primitive {
     use vortex_array::dtype::NativePType;
     use vortex_array::scalar_fn::fns::between::BetweenOptions;
     use vortex_array::scalar_fn::fns::between::StrictComparison::NonStrict;
-    use vortex_array::scalar_fn::fns::operators::Operator;
     use vortex_error::VortexExpect;
 
     use crate::BENCH_ARGS;
     use crate::generate_primitive_array;
 
-    #[divan::bench(
-        types = [i32, i64, u32, u64, f32, f64],
-        args = BENCH_ARGS,
-    )]
-    fn old_raw_prim_test_between<T>(bencher: Bencher, len: usize)
-    where
-        T: NumCast + NativePType,
-        vortex_array::scalar::Scalar: From<T>,
-    {
-        let min = T::from_usize(5561).vortex_expect("");
-        let max = T::from_usize(6032).vortex_expect("");
-        let mut rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(0);
-        let arr = generate_primitive_array::<T>(&mut rng, len);
-
-        bencher
-            .with_inputs(|| (&arr, LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx()))
-            .bench_refs(|(arr, ctx)| {
-                let gte = arr
-                    .clone()
-                    .into_array()
-                    .binary(
-                        ConstantArray::new(min, arr.len()).into_array(),
-                        Operator::Gte,
-                    )
-                    .vortex_expect("");
-                let lt = arr
-                    .clone()
-                    .into_array()
-                    .binary(
-                        ConstantArray::new(max, arr.len()).into_array(),
-                        Operator::Lt,
-                    )
-                    .vortex_expect("");
-                gte.binary(lt, Operator::And)
-                    .vortex_expect("")
-                    .execute::<RecursiveCanonical>(ctx)
-            })
-    }
-
     #[divan::bench(
         types = [i32, i64, u32, u64, f32, f64],
         args = BENCH_ARGS,
@@ -176,50 +136,11 @@ mod bitpack {
     use vortex_array::dtype::NativePType;
     use vortex_array::scalar_fn::fns::between::BetweenOptions;
     use vortex_array::scalar_fn::fns::between::StrictComparison::NonStrict;
-    use vortex_array::scalar_fn::fns::operators::Operator;
     use vortex_error::VortexExpect;
 
     use crate::BENCH_ARGS;
     use crate::generate_bit_pack_primitive_array;
 
-    #[divan::bench(
-        types = [i16, i32, i64],
-        args = BENCH_ARGS,
-    )]
-    fn old_bp_prim_test_between<T>(bencher: Bencher, len: usize)
-    where
-        T: NumCast + NativePType,
-        vortex_array::scalar::Scalar: From<T>,
-    {
-        let min = T::from_usize(5561).vortex_expect("");
-        let max = T::from_usize(6032).vortex_expect("");
-        let mut rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(0);
-        let arr = generate_bit_pack_primitive_array::<T>(&mut rng, len);
-
-        bencher
-            .with_inputs(|| (&arr, LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx()))
-            .bench_refs(|(arr, ctx)| {
-                let gte = arr
-                    .clone()
-                    .binary(
-                        ConstantArray::new(min, arr.len()).into_array(),
-                        Operator::Gte,
-                    )
-                    .vortex_expect("");
-                let lt = arr
-                    .clone()
-                    .binary(
-                        ConstantArray::new(max, arr.len()).into_array(),
-                        Operator::Lt,
-                    )
-                    .vortex_expect("");
-                gte.binary(lt, Operator::And)
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .execute::<RecursiveCanonical>(ctx)
-                    .unwrap()
-            })
-    }
-
     #[divan::bench(
         types = [i16, i32, i64],
         args = BENCH_ARGS,
@@ -267,50 +188,11 @@ mod alp {
     use vortex_array::dtype::NativePType;
     use vortex_array::scalar_fn::fns::between::BetweenOptions;
     use vortex_array::scalar_fn::fns::between::StrictComparison::NonStrict;
-    use vortex_array::scalar_fn::fns::operators::Operator;
     use vortex_error::VortexExpect;
 
     use crate::BENCH_ARGS;
     use crate::generate_alp_bit_pack_primitive_array;
 
-    #[divan::bench(
-        types = [f32, f64],
-        args = BENCH_ARGS,
-    )]
-    fn old_alp_prim_test_between<T>(bencher: Bencher, len: usize)
-    where
-        T: NumCast + NativePType,
-        vortex_array::scalar::Scalar: From<T>,
-    {
-        let min = T::from_usize(5561).vortex_expect("");
-        let max = T::from_usize(6032).vortex_expect("");
-        let mut rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(0);
-        let arr = generate_alp_bit_pack_primitive_array::<T>(&mut rng, len);
-
-        bencher
-            .with_inputs(|| (&arr, LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx()))
-            .bench_refs(|(arr, ctx)| {
-                let gte = arr
-                    .clone()
-                    .binary(
-                        ConstantArray::new(min, arr.len()).into_array(),
-                        Operator::Gte,
-                    )
-                    .vortex_expect("");
-                let lt = arr
-                    .clone()
-                    .binary(
-                        ConstantArray::new(max, arr.len()).into_array(),
-                        Operator::Lt,
-                    )
-                    .vortex_expect("");
-                gte.binary(lt, Operator::And)
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .execute::<RecursiveCanonical>(ctx)
-                    .unwrap()
-            })
-    }
-
     #[divan::bench(
         types = [f32, f64],
         args = BENCH_ARGS,
diff --git a/encodings/parquet-variant/src/operations.rs b/encodings/parquet-variant/src/operations.rs
index 8a323cce76f..e812e0fcafa 100644
--- a/encodings/parquet-variant/src/operations.rs
+++ b/encodings/parquet-variant/src/operations.rs
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ fn scalar_from_shredded_object_scalar(
     let fields = StructFields::new(FieldNames::from(names), dtypes);
     Scalar::try_new(
         DType::Struct(fields, Nullability::NonNullable),
-        Some(ScalarValue::List(field_values)),
+        Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(field_values)),
     )
 }
 
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ fn parquet_variant_to_scalar(variant: PqVariant<'_, '_>) -> VortexResult<Scalar>
             let fields = StructFields::new(FieldNames::from(names), dtypes);
             Scalar::try_new(
                 DType::Struct(fields, nn),
-                Some(ScalarValue::List(field_values)),
+                Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(field_values)),
             )?
         }
     })
diff --git a/encodings/sparse/src/canonical.rs b/encodings/sparse/src/canonical.rs
index 0dcd8d533b1..8a27e72aed4 100644
--- a/encodings/sparse/src/canonical.rs
+++ b/encodings/sparse/src/canonical.rs
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ fn execute_sparse_lists_inner<I: IntegerPType, O: IntegerPType>(
         } else {
             // Set with the fill value.
             builder
-                .append_value(fill_value.clone())
+                .append_value(fill_value)
                 .vortex_expect("Failed to append fill value");
         }
     }
diff --git a/fuzz/src/array/mod.rs b/fuzz/src/array/mod.rs
index c75eeb309f2..8f2a5cd0fe6 100644
--- a/fuzz/src/array/mod.rs
+++ b/fuzz/src/array/mod.rs
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ pub fn run_fuzz_action(fuzz_action: FuzzArrayAction) -> VortexFuzzResult<bool> {
             Action::MinMax => {
                 let min_max_result = min_max(&current_array, &mut ctx)
                     .vortex_expect("min_max operation should succeed in fuzz test");
-                assert_min_max_eq(&expected.min_max(), &min_max_result, i)?;
+                assert_min_max_eq(expected.min_max().as_ref(), min_max_result.as_ref(), i)?;
             }
             Action::FillNull(fill_value) => {
                 current_array = current_array
@@ -770,14 +770,14 @@ pub fn assert_scalar_eq(lhs: &Scalar, rhs: &Scalar, step: usize) -> VortexFuzzRe
 /// Assert two min/max results are equal.
 #[expect(clippy::result_large_err)]
 pub fn assert_min_max_eq(
-    lhs: &Option<MinMaxResult>,
-    rhs: &Option<MinMaxResult>,
+    lhs: Option<&MinMaxResult>,
+    rhs: Option<&MinMaxResult>,
     step: usize,
 ) -> VortexFuzzResult<()> {
     if lhs != rhs {
         return Err(VortexFuzzError::MinMaxMismatch(
-            lhs.clone(),
-            rhs.clone(),
+            lhs.cloned(),
+            rhs.cloned(),
             step,
             Backtrace::capture(),
         ));
diff --git a/java/testfiles/Cargo.lock b/java/testfiles/Cargo.lock
index e3fe6731a30..29e7e0d2f4e 100644
--- a/java/testfiles/Cargo.lock
+++ b/java/testfiles/Cargo.lock
@@ -2399,6 +2399,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "vortex-io",
  "vortex-mask",
  "vortex-metrics",
+ "vortex-runend",
  "vortex-scan",
  "vortex-sequence",
  "vortex-session",
diff --git a/rust-toolchain.toml b/rust-toolchain.toml
index cb6bd203288..dbcc5a2f04e 100644
--- a/rust-toolchain.toml
+++ b/rust-toolchain.toml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 [toolchain]
 channel = "1.91.0"
 components = ["rust-src", "rustfmt", "clippy", "rust-analyzer"]
-profile = "minimal"
\ No newline at end of file
+profile = "minimal"
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index b2e234fc1c3..1c06ece4294 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ray"
-version = "2.54.0"
+version = "2.55.1"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "click" },
@@ -1273,17 +1273,20 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "requests" },
 ]
 wheels = [
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-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ac/29/7871f4206e6b00a9bb784c16dad32ccd01e9df5a93545db92de220eb2871/ray-2.54.0-cp311-cp311-manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:491ae56ab80d8822c4eaf4d5bb96dcf32a6231d8d7b76eb8034400eb9be1bb18", size = 72066630, upload-time = "2026-02-18T04:05:04.957Z" },
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 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/vortex-array/public-api.lock b/vortex-array/public-api.lock
index 2f36c30a472..0675fa157ad 100644
--- a/vortex-array/public-api.lock
+++ b/vortex-array/public-api.lock
@@ -30,6 +30,146 @@ pub fn vortex_array::arrays::PrimitiveArray::with_iterator<F, R>(&self, f: F) ->
 
 pub mod vortex_array::aggregate_fn
 
+pub mod vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined
+
+pub struct vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T: vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined>(pub T)
+
+impl<T: vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::new(inner: T) -> Self
+
+impl<T: core::clone::Clone + vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined> core::clone::Clone for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::clone(&self) -> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>
+
+impl<T: core::fmt::Debug + vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined> core::fmt::Debug for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
+
+impl<T: vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>
+
+pub type vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::Options = vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<<<T as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined>::Left as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable>::Options, <<T as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined>::Right as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable>::Options>
+
+pub type vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::Partial = (<<T as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined>::Left as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable>::Partial, <<T as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined>::Right as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable>::Partial)
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::accumulate(&self, _state: &mut Self::Partial, _batch: &vortex_array::Columnar, _ctx: &mut vortex_array::ExecutionCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<()>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::coerce_args(&self, options: &Self::Options, input_dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::dtype::DType>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::combine_partials(&self, partial: &mut Self::Partial, other: vortex_array::scalar::Scalar) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<()>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::deserialize(&self, metadata: &[u8], session: &vortex_session::VortexSession) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<Self::Options>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::empty_partial(&self, options: &Self::Options, input_dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<Self::Partial>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::finalize(&self, states: vortex_array::ArrayRef) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::ArrayRef>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::finalize_scalar(&self, partial: &Self::Partial) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::scalar::Scalar>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::id(&self) -> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnId
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::is_saturated(&self, partial: &Self::Partial) -> bool
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::partial_dtype(&self, options: &Self::Options, input_dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> core::option::Option<vortex_array::dtype::DType>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::reset(&self, partial: &mut Self::Partial)
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::return_dtype(&self, _options: &Self::Options, input_dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> core::option::Option<vortex_array::dtype::DType>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::serialize(&self, options: &Self::Options) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<alloc::vec::Vec<u8>>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::to_scalar(&self, partial: &Self::Partial) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::scalar::Scalar>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::try_accumulate(&self, state: &mut Self::Partial, batch: &vortex_array::ArrayRef, ctx: &mut vortex_array::ExecutionCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<bool>
+
+pub struct vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<L, R>(pub L, pub R)
+
+impl<L, R> core::marker::StructuralPartialEq for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<L, R>
+
+impl<L: core::clone::Clone, R: core::clone::Clone> core::clone::Clone for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<L, R>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<L, R>::clone(&self) -> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<L, R>
+
+impl<L: core::cmp::Eq, R: core::cmp::Eq> core::cmp::Eq for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<L, R>
+
+impl<L: core::cmp::PartialEq, R: core::cmp::PartialEq> core::cmp::PartialEq for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<L, R>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<L, R>::eq(&self, other: &vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<L, R>) -> bool
+
+impl<L: core::fmt::Debug, R: core::fmt::Debug> core::fmt::Debug for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<L, R>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<L, R>::fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
+
+impl<L: core::fmt::Display, R: core::fmt::Display> core::fmt::Display for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<L, R>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<L, R>::fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
+
+impl<L: core::hash::Hash, R: core::hash::Hash> core::hash::Hash for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<L, R>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<L, R>::hash<__H: core::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut __H)
+
+pub trait vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined: 'static + core::marker::Send + core::marker::Sync + core::clone::Clone
+
+pub type vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined::Left: vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable
+
+pub type vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined::Right: vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined::coerce_args(&self, options: &vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::CombinedOptions<Self>, input_dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::dtype::DType>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined::deserialize(&self, metadata: &[u8], session: &vortex_session::VortexSession) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::CombinedOptions<Self>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined::finalize(&self, left: vortex_array::ArrayRef, right: vortex_array::ArrayRef) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::ArrayRef>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined::finalize_scalar(&self, left_scalar: vortex_array::scalar::Scalar, right_scalar: vortex_array::scalar::Scalar) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::scalar::Scalar>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined::id(&self) -> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnId
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined::left(&self) -> Self::Left
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined::left_name(&self) -> &'static str
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined::partial_struct_dtype(&self, left: vortex_array::dtype::DType, right: vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> vortex_array::dtype::DType
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined::return_dtype(&self, input_dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> core::option::Option<vortex_array::dtype::DType>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined::right(&self) -> Self::Right
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined::right_name(&self) -> &'static str
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined::serialize(&self, options: &vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::CombinedOptions<Self>) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<alloc::vec::Vec<u8>>>
+
+impl vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean
+
+pub type vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::Left = vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::sum::Sum
+
+pub type vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::Right = vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::count::Count
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::coerce_args(&self, _options: &vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<<vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::sum::Sum as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable>::Options, <vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::count::Count as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable>::Options>, input_dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::dtype::DType>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::deserialize(&self, metadata: &[u8], session: &vortex_session::VortexSession) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::CombinedOptions<Self>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::finalize(&self, sum: vortex_array::ArrayRef, count: vortex_array::ArrayRef) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::ArrayRef>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::finalize_scalar(&self, left_scalar: vortex_array::scalar::Scalar, right_scalar: vortex_array::scalar::Scalar) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::scalar::Scalar>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::id(&self) -> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnId
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::left(&self) -> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::sum::Sum
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::left_name(&self) -> &'static str
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::partial_struct_dtype(&self, left: vortex_array::dtype::DType, right: vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> vortex_array::dtype::DType
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::return_dtype(&self, input_dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> core::option::Option<vortex_array::dtype::DType>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::right(&self) -> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::count::Count
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::right_name(&self) -> &'static str
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::serialize(&self, _options: &vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::CombinedOptions<Self>) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<alloc::vec::Vec<u8>>>
+
+pub type vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::CombinedOptions<T> = vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<<<T as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined>::Left as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable>::Options, <<T as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined>::Right as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable>::Options>
+
 pub mod vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns
 
 pub mod vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::count
@@ -344,6 +484,54 @@ pub struct vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::last::LastPartial
 
 pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::last::last(array: &vortex_array::ArrayRef, ctx: &mut vortex_array::ExecutionCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::scalar::Scalar>
 
+pub mod vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean
+
+pub struct vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean
+
+impl vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::combined() -> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<Self>
+
+impl core::clone::Clone for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::clone(&self) -> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean
+
+impl core::fmt::Debug for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
+
+impl vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean
+
+pub type vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::Left = vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::sum::Sum
+
+pub type vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::Right = vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::count::Count
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::coerce_args(&self, _options: &vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<<vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::sum::Sum as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable>::Options, <vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::count::Count as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable>::Options>, input_dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::dtype::DType>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::deserialize(&self, metadata: &[u8], session: &vortex_session::VortexSession) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::CombinedOptions<Self>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::finalize(&self, sum: vortex_array::ArrayRef, count: vortex_array::ArrayRef) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::ArrayRef>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::finalize_scalar(&self, left_scalar: vortex_array::scalar::Scalar, right_scalar: vortex_array::scalar::Scalar) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::scalar::Scalar>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::id(&self) -> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnId
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::left(&self) -> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::sum::Sum
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::left_name(&self) -> &'static str
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::partial_struct_dtype(&self, left: vortex_array::dtype::DType, right: vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> vortex_array::dtype::DType
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::return_dtype(&self, input_dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> core::option::Option<vortex_array::dtype::DType>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::right(&self) -> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::count::Count
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::right_name(&self) -> &'static str
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::Mean::serialize(&self, _options: &vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::CombinedOptions<Self>) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<alloc::vec::Vec<u8>>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::mean::mean(array: &vortex_array::ArrayRef, ctx: &mut vortex_array::ExecutionCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::scalar::Scalar>
+
 pub mod vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::min_max
 
 pub struct vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::min_max::MinMax
@@ -574,6 +762,12 @@ impl core::fmt::Debug for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::session::AggregateFnSessio
 
 pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::session::AggregateFnSession::fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
 
+impl vortex_session::SessionVar for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::session::AggregateFnSession
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::session::AggregateFnSession::as_any(&self) -> &dyn core::any::Any
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::session::AggregateFnSession::as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn core::any::Any
+
 pub trait vortex_array::aggregate_fn::session::AggregateFnSessionExt: vortex_session::SessionExt
 
 pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::session::AggregateFnSessionExt::aggregate_fns(&self) -> vortex_session::Ref<'_, vortex_array::aggregate_fn::session::AggregateFnSession>
@@ -1070,6 +1264,42 @@ pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::sum::Sum::to_scalar(&self, partial: &Sel
 
 pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::sum::Sum::try_accumulate(&self, _state: &mut Self::Partial, _batch: &vortex_array::ArrayRef, _ctx: &mut vortex_array::ExecutionCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<bool>
 
+impl<T: vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable for vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>
+
+pub type vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::Options = vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions<<<T as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined>::Left as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable>::Options, <<T as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined>::Right as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable>::Options>
+
+pub type vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::Partial = (<<T as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined>::Left as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable>::Partial, <<T as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined>::Right as vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable>::Partial)
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::accumulate(&self, _state: &mut Self::Partial, _batch: &vortex_array::Columnar, _ctx: &mut vortex_array::ExecutionCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<()>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::coerce_args(&self, options: &Self::Options, input_dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::dtype::DType>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::combine_partials(&self, partial: &mut Self::Partial, other: vortex_array::scalar::Scalar) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<()>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::deserialize(&self, metadata: &[u8], session: &vortex_session::VortexSession) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<Self::Options>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::empty_partial(&self, options: &Self::Options, input_dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<Self::Partial>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::finalize(&self, states: vortex_array::ArrayRef) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::ArrayRef>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::finalize_scalar(&self, partial: &Self::Partial) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::scalar::Scalar>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::id(&self) -> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnId
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::is_saturated(&self, partial: &Self::Partial) -> bool
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::partial_dtype(&self, options: &Self::Options, input_dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> core::option::Option<vortex_array::dtype::DType>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::reset(&self, partial: &mut Self::Partial)
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::return_dtype(&self, _options: &Self::Options, input_dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType) -> core::option::Option<vortex_array::dtype::DType>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::serialize(&self, options: &Self::Options) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<alloc::vec::Vec<u8>>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::to_scalar(&self, partial: &Self::Partial) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::scalar::Scalar>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined<T>::try_accumulate(&self, state: &mut Self::Partial, batch: &vortex_array::ArrayRef, ctx: &mut vortex_array::ExecutionCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<bool>
+
 pub trait vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTableExt: vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable
 
 pub fn vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTableExt::bind(&self, options: Self::Options) -> vortex_array::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnRef
@@ -3178,23 +3408,51 @@ impl vortex_array::ArrayHash for vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedData
 
 pub fn vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedData::array_hash<H: core::hash::Hasher>(&self, _state: &mut H, _precision: vortex_array::Precision)
 
-pub trait vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedArrayExt: vortex_array::TypedArrayRef<vortex_array::arrays::Masked>
+pub struct vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedSlots
 
-pub fn vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedArrayExt::child(&self) -> &vortex_array::ArrayRef
+pub vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedSlots::child: vortex_array::ArrayRef
 
-pub fn vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedArrayExt::masked_validity(&self) -> vortex_array::validity::Validity
+pub vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedSlots::validity: core::option::Option<vortex_array::ArrayRef>
+
+impl vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedSlots
+
+pub const vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedSlots::CHILD: usize
+
+pub const vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedSlots::COUNT: usize
+
+pub const vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedSlots::NAMES: [&'static str; 2]
+
+pub const vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedSlots::VALIDITY: usize
 
-pub fn vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedArrayExt::validity_child(&self) -> core::option::Option<&vortex_array::ArrayRef>
+pub fn vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedSlots::from_slots(slots: alloc::vec::Vec<core::option::Option<vortex_array::ArrayRef>>) -> Self
+
+pub fn vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedSlots::into_slots(self) -> alloc::vec::Vec<core::option::Option<vortex_array::ArrayRef>>
+
+pub trait vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedArrayExt: vortex_array::TypedArrayRef<vortex_array::arrays::Masked> + vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedArraySlotsExt
+
+pub fn vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedArrayExt::masked_validity(&self) -> vortex_array::validity::Validity
 
 impl<T: vortex_array::TypedArrayRef<vortex_array::arrays::Masked>> vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedArrayExt for T
 
+pub fn T::masked_validity(&self) -> vortex_array::validity::Validity
+
+pub trait vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedArraySlotsExt: vortex_array::TypedArrayRef<vortex_array::arrays::Masked>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedArraySlotsExt::child(&self) -> &vortex_array::ArrayRef
+
+pub fn vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedArraySlotsExt::slots_view(&self) -> vortex_array::arrays::masked::array::MaskedSlotsView<'_>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedArraySlotsExt::validity(&self) -> core::option::Option<&vortex_array::ArrayRef>
+
+impl<T: vortex_array::TypedArrayRef<vortex_array::arrays::Masked>> vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedArraySlotsExt for T
+
 pub fn T::child(&self) -> &vortex_array::ArrayRef
 
-pub fn T::masked_validity(&self) -> vortex_array::validity::Validity
+pub fn T::slots_view(&self) -> vortex_array::arrays::masked::array::MaskedSlotsView<'_>
 
-pub fn T::validity_child(&self) -> core::option::Option<&vortex_array::ArrayRef>
+pub fn T::validity(&self) -> core::option::Option<&vortex_array::ArrayRef>
 
-pub fn vortex_array::arrays::masked::mask_validity_canonical(canonical: vortex_array::Canonical, validity_mask: &vortex_mask::Mask, ctx: &mut vortex_array::ExecutionCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::Canonical>
+pub fn vortex_array::arrays::masked::mask_validity_canonical(canonical: vortex_array::Canonical, validity: vortex_array::validity::Validity, ctx: &mut vortex_array::ExecutionCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::Canonical>
 
 pub type vortex_array::arrays::masked::MaskedArray = vortex_array::Array<vortex_array::arrays::Masked>
 
@@ -8820,6 +9078,12 @@ impl core::fmt::Debug for vortex_array::dtype::session::DTypeSession
 
 pub fn vortex_array::dtype::session::DTypeSession::fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
 
+impl vortex_session::SessionVar for vortex_array::dtype::session::DTypeSession
+
+pub fn vortex_array::dtype::session::DTypeSession::as_any(&self) -> &dyn core::any::Any
+
+pub fn vortex_array::dtype::session::DTypeSession::as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn core::any::Any
+
 pub trait vortex_array::dtype::session::DTypeSessionExt: vortex_session::SessionExt
 
 pub fn vortex_array::dtype::session::DTypeSessionExt::dtypes(&self) -> vortex_session::Ref<'_, vortex_array::dtype::session::DTypeSession>
@@ -13150,6 +13414,12 @@ impl core::fmt::Debug for vortex_array::memory::MemorySession
 
 pub fn vortex_array::memory::MemorySession::fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
 
+impl vortex_session::SessionVar for vortex_array::memory::MemorySession
+
+pub fn vortex_array::memory::MemorySession::as_any(&self) -> &dyn core::any::Any
+
+pub fn vortex_array::memory::MemorySession::as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn core::any::Any
+
 pub struct vortex_array::memory::WritableHostBuffer
 
 impl vortex_array::memory::WritableHostBuffer
@@ -13256,6 +13526,12 @@ impl core::fmt::Debug for vortex_array::optimizer::kernels::ArrayKernels
 
 pub fn vortex_array::optimizer::kernels::ArrayKernels::fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
 
+impl vortex_session::SessionVar for vortex_array::optimizer::kernels::ArrayKernels
+
+pub fn vortex_array::optimizer::kernels::ArrayKernels::as_any(&self) -> &dyn core::any::Any
+
+pub fn vortex_array::optimizer::kernels::ArrayKernels::as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn core::any::Any
+
 pub trait vortex_array::optimizer::kernels::ArrayKernelsExt: vortex_session::SessionExt
 
 pub fn vortex_array::optimizer::kernels::ArrayKernelsExt::kernels(&self) -> vortex_session::Ref<'_, vortex_array::optimizer::kernels::ArrayKernels>
@@ -13960,10 +14236,10 @@ pub vortex_array::scalar::ScalarValue::Bool(bool)
 
 pub vortex_array::scalar::ScalarValue::Decimal(vortex_array::scalar::DecimalValue)
 
-pub vortex_array::scalar::ScalarValue::List(alloc::vec::Vec<core::option::Option<vortex_array::scalar::ScalarValue>>)
-
 pub vortex_array::scalar::ScalarValue::Primitive(vortex_array::scalar::PValue)
 
+pub vortex_array::scalar::ScalarValue::Tuple(alloc::vec::Vec<core::option::Option<vortex_array::scalar::ScalarValue>>)
+
 pub vortex_array::scalar::ScalarValue::Utf8(vortex_buffer::string::BufferString)
 
 pub vortex_array::scalar::ScalarValue::Variant(alloc::boxed::Box<vortex_array::scalar::Scalar>)
@@ -14248,6 +14524,8 @@ impl<'a> core::hash::Hash for vortex_array::scalar::BinaryScalar<'a>
 
 pub fn vortex_array::scalar::BinaryScalar<'a>::hash<__H: core::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut __H)
 
+impl<'a> core::marker::Copy for vortex_array::scalar::BinaryScalar<'a>
+
 pub struct vortex_array::scalar::BoolScalar<'a>
 
 impl<'a> vortex_array::scalar::BoolScalar<'a>
@@ -14298,6 +14576,8 @@ impl<'a> core::hash::Hash for vortex_array::scalar::BoolScalar<'a>
 
 pub fn vortex_array::scalar::BoolScalar<'a>::hash<__H: core::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut __H)
 
+impl<'a> core::marker::Copy for vortex_array::scalar::BoolScalar<'a>
+
 pub struct vortex_array::scalar::DecimalScalar<'a>
 
 impl<'a> vortex_array::scalar::DecimalScalar<'a>
@@ -14464,6 +14744,8 @@ impl<'a> core::fmt::Debug for vortex_array::scalar::ExtScalar<'a>
 
 pub fn vortex_array::scalar::ExtScalar<'a>::fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
 
+impl<'a> core::marker::Copy for vortex_array::scalar::ExtScalar<'a>
+
 pub struct vortex_array::scalar::ListScalar<'a>
 
 impl<'a> vortex_array::scalar::ListScalar<'a>
@@ -14516,6 +14798,8 @@ impl<'a> core::fmt::Debug for vortex_array::scalar::ListScalar<'a>
 
 pub fn vortex_array::scalar::ListScalar<'a>::fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
 
+impl<'a> core::marker::Copy for vortex_array::scalar::ListScalar<'a>
+
 pub struct vortex_array::scalar::PrimitiveScalar<'a>
 
 impl<'a> vortex_array::scalar::PrimitiveScalar<'a>
@@ -15310,6 +15594,8 @@ impl<'a> core::fmt::Debug for vortex_array::scalar::StructScalar<'a>
 
 pub fn vortex_array::scalar::StructScalar<'a>::fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
 
+impl<'a> core::marker::Copy for vortex_array::scalar::StructScalar<'a>
+
 pub struct vortex_array::scalar::Utf8Scalar<'a>
 
 impl<'a> vortex_array::scalar::Utf8Scalar<'a>
@@ -15360,6 +15646,8 @@ impl<'a> core::hash::Hash for vortex_array::scalar::Utf8Scalar<'a>
 
 pub fn vortex_array::scalar::Utf8Scalar<'a>::hash<__H: core::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut __H)
 
+impl<'a> core::marker::Copy for vortex_array::scalar::Utf8Scalar<'a>
+
 pub struct vortex_array::scalar::VariantScalar<'a>
 
 impl<'a> vortex_array::scalar::VariantScalar<'a>
@@ -17296,6 +17584,58 @@ pub trait vortex_array::scalar_fn::fns::zip::ZipReduce: vortex_array::VTable
 
 pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::fns::zip::ZipReduce::zip(array: vortex_array::ArrayView<'_, Self>, if_false: &vortex_array::ArrayRef, mask: &vortex_array::ArrayRef) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<vortex_array::ArrayRef>>
 
+pub mod vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal
+
+pub mod vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count
+
+pub struct vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount
+
+impl core::clone::Clone for vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::clone(&self) -> vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount
+
+impl vortex_array::scalar_fn::ScalarFnVTable for vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount
+
+pub type vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::Options = vortex_array::scalar_fn::EmptyOptions
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::arity(&self, _options: &Self::Options) -> vortex_array::scalar_fn::Arity
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::child_name(&self, _options: &Self::Options, _child_idx: usize) -> vortex_array::scalar_fn::ChildName
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::coerce_args(&self, options: &Self::Options, args: &[vortex_array::dtype::DType]) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<alloc::vec::Vec<vortex_array::dtype::DType>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::deserialize(&self, _metadata: &[u8], _session: &vortex_session::VortexSession) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<Self::Options>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::execute(&self, _options: &Self::Options, _args: &dyn vortex_array::scalar_fn::ExecutionArgs, _ctx: &mut vortex_array::ExecutionCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::ArrayRef>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::fmt_sql(&self, _options: &Self::Options, _expr: &vortex_array::expr::Expression, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::id(&self) -> vortex_array::scalar_fn::ScalarFnId
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::is_fallible(&self, _options: &Self::Options) -> bool
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::is_null_sensitive(&self, _options: &Self::Options) -> bool
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::reduce(&self, options: &Self::Options, node: &dyn vortex_array::scalar_fn::ReduceNode, ctx: &dyn vortex_array::scalar_fn::ReduceCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<vortex_array::scalar_fn::ReduceNodeRef>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::return_dtype(&self, _options: &Self::Options, _args: &[vortex_array::dtype::DType]) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::dtype::DType>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::serialize(&self, options: &Self::Options) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<alloc::vec::Vec<u8>>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::simplify(&self, options: &Self::Options, expr: &vortex_array::expr::Expression, ctx: &dyn vortex_array::scalar_fn::SimplifyCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<vortex_array::expr::Expression>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::simplify_untyped(&self, options: &Self::Options, expr: &vortex_array::expr::Expression) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<vortex_array::expr::Expression>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::stat_expression(&self, options: &Self::Options, expr: &vortex_array::expr::Expression, stat: vortex_array::expr::stats::Stat, catalog: &dyn vortex_array::expr::pruning::StatsCatalog) -> core::option::Option<vortex_array::expr::Expression>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::stat_falsification(&self, options: &Self::Options, expr: &vortex_array::expr::Expression, catalog: &dyn vortex_array::expr::pruning::StatsCatalog) -> core::option::Option<vortex_array::expr::Expression>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::validity(&self, options: &Self::Options, expression: &vortex_array::expr::Expression) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<vortex_array::expr::Expression>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::contains_row_count(array: &vortex_array::ArrayRef) -> bool
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::substitute_row_count(array: vortex_array::ArrayRef, replacement: &vortex_array::ArrayRef) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::ArrayRef>
+
 pub mod vortex_array::scalar_fn::session
 
 pub struct vortex_array::scalar_fn::session::ScalarFnSession
@@ -17314,6 +17654,12 @@ impl core::fmt::Debug for vortex_array::scalar_fn::session::ScalarFnSession
 
 pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::session::ScalarFnSession::fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
 
+impl vortex_session::SessionVar for vortex_array::scalar_fn::session::ScalarFnSession
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::session::ScalarFnSession::as_any(&self) -> &dyn core::any::Any
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::session::ScalarFnSession::as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn core::any::Any
+
 pub trait vortex_array::scalar_fn::session::ScalarFnSessionExt: vortex_session::SessionExt
 
 pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::session::ScalarFnSessionExt::scalar_fns(&self) -> vortex_session::Ref<'_, vortex_array::scalar_fn::session::ScalarFnSession>
@@ -18444,6 +18790,44 @@ pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::fns::zip::Zip::stat_falsification(&self, options
 
 pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::fns::zip::Zip::validity(&self, options: &Self::Options, expression: &vortex_array::expr::Expression) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<vortex_array::expr::Expression>>
 
+impl vortex_array::scalar_fn::ScalarFnVTable for vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount
+
+pub type vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::Options = vortex_array::scalar_fn::EmptyOptions
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::arity(&self, _options: &Self::Options) -> vortex_array::scalar_fn::Arity
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::child_name(&self, _options: &Self::Options, _child_idx: usize) -> vortex_array::scalar_fn::ChildName
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::coerce_args(&self, options: &Self::Options, args: &[vortex_array::dtype::DType]) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<alloc::vec::Vec<vortex_array::dtype::DType>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::deserialize(&self, _metadata: &[u8], _session: &vortex_session::VortexSession) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<Self::Options>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::execute(&self, _options: &Self::Options, _args: &dyn vortex_array::scalar_fn::ExecutionArgs, _ctx: &mut vortex_array::ExecutionCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::ArrayRef>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::fmt_sql(&self, _options: &Self::Options, _expr: &vortex_array::expr::Expression, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::id(&self) -> vortex_array::scalar_fn::ScalarFnId
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::is_fallible(&self, _options: &Self::Options) -> bool
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::is_null_sensitive(&self, _options: &Self::Options) -> bool
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::reduce(&self, options: &Self::Options, node: &dyn vortex_array::scalar_fn::ReduceNode, ctx: &dyn vortex_array::scalar_fn::ReduceCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<vortex_array::scalar_fn::ReduceNodeRef>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::return_dtype(&self, _options: &Self::Options, _args: &[vortex_array::dtype::DType]) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::dtype::DType>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::serialize(&self, options: &Self::Options) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<alloc::vec::Vec<u8>>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::simplify(&self, options: &Self::Options, expr: &vortex_array::expr::Expression, ctx: &dyn vortex_array::scalar_fn::SimplifyCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<vortex_array::expr::Expression>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::simplify_untyped(&self, options: &Self::Options, expr: &vortex_array::expr::Expression) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<vortex_array::expr::Expression>>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::stat_expression(&self, options: &Self::Options, expr: &vortex_array::expr::Expression, stat: vortex_array::expr::stats::Stat, catalog: &dyn vortex_array::expr::pruning::StatsCatalog) -> core::option::Option<vortex_array::expr::Expression>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::stat_falsification(&self, options: &Self::Options, expr: &vortex_array::expr::Expression, catalog: &dyn vortex_array::expr::pruning::StatsCatalog) -> core::option::Option<vortex_array::expr::Expression>
+
+pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount::validity(&self, options: &Self::Options, expression: &vortex_array::expr::Expression) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<vortex_array::expr::Expression>>
+
 pub trait vortex_array::scalar_fn::ScalarFnVTableExt: vortex_array::scalar_fn::ScalarFnVTable
 
 pub fn vortex_array::scalar_fn::ScalarFnVTableExt::bind(&self, options: Self::Options) -> vortex_array::scalar_fn::ScalarFnRef
@@ -18730,6 +19114,12 @@ impl core::fmt::Debug for vortex_array::session::ArraySession
 
 pub fn vortex_array::session::ArraySession::fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
 
+impl vortex_session::SessionVar for vortex_array::session::ArraySession
+
+pub fn vortex_array::session::ArraySession::as_any(&self) -> &dyn core::any::Any
+
+pub fn vortex_array::session::ArraySession::as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn core::any::Any
+
 pub trait vortex_array::session::ArraySessionExt: vortex_session::SessionExt
 
 pub fn vortex_array::session::ArraySessionExt::array_serialize(&self, array: &vortex_array::ArrayRef) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<alloc::vec::Vec<u8>>>
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/accumulator_grouped.rs b/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/accumulator_grouped.rs
index 665dcec0747..a751a7c5749 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/accumulator_grouped.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/accumulator_grouped.rs
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ impl<V: AggregateFnVTable> GroupedAccumulator<V> {
             if validity.value(i) {
                 let group = elements.slice(offset..offset + size)?;
                 accumulator.accumulate(&group, ctx)?;
-                states.append_scalar(&accumulator.finish()?)?;
+                states.append_scalar(&accumulator.flush()?)?;
             } else {
                 states.append_null()
             }
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/combined.rs b/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/combined.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ab0ebca5785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/combined.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
+
+//! Generic adapter for aggregates whose result is computed from two child
+//! aggregate functions, e.g. `Mean = Sum / Count`.
+
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::fmt::Display;
+use std::fmt::Formatter;
+use std::fmt::{self};
+use std::hash::Hash;
+
+use vortex_error::VortexResult;
+use vortex_error::vortex_bail;
+use vortex_error::vortex_err;
+use vortex_session::VortexSession;
+
+use crate::ArrayRef;
+use crate::Columnar;
+use crate::ExecutionCtx;
+use crate::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnId;
+use crate::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable;
+use crate::builtins::ArrayBuiltins;
+use crate::dtype::DType;
+use crate::dtype::FieldName;
+use crate::dtype::FieldNames;
+use crate::dtype::Nullability;
+use crate::dtype::StructFields;
+use crate::scalar::Scalar;
+
+/// Pair of options for the two children of a [`BinaryCombined`] aggregate.
+///
+/// Wrapper around `(L, R)` because the [`AggregateFnVTable::Options`] bound
+/// requires `Display`, which tuples don't implement.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct PairOptions<L, R>(pub L, pub R);
+
+impl<L: Display, R: Display> Display for PairOptions<L, R> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "({}, {})", self.0, self.1)
+    }
+}
+
+// Convenience aliases so signatures stay readable.
+type LeftOptions<T> = <<T as BinaryCombined>::Left as AggregateFnVTable>::Options;
+type RightOptions<T> = <<T as BinaryCombined>::Right as AggregateFnVTable>::Options;
+type LeftPartial<T> = <<T as BinaryCombined>::Left as AggregateFnVTable>::Partial;
+type RightPartial<T> = <<T as BinaryCombined>::Right as AggregateFnVTable>::Partial;
+/// Combined options for a [`BinaryCombined`] aggregate.
+pub type CombinedOptions<T> = PairOptions<LeftOptions<T>, RightOptions<T>>;
+
+/// Declare an aggregate function in terms of two child aggregates.
+pub trait BinaryCombined: 'static + Send + Sync + Clone {
+    /// The left child aggregate vtable.
+    type Left: AggregateFnVTable;
+    /// The right child aggregate vtable.
+    type Right: AggregateFnVTable;
+
+    /// Stable identifier for the combined aggregate.
+    fn id(&self) -> AggregateFnId;
+
+    /// Construct the left child vtable.
+    fn left(&self) -> Self::Left;
+
+    /// Construct the right child vtable.
+    fn right(&self) -> Self::Right;
+
+    /// Field name for the left child in the partial struct dtype.
+    fn left_name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "left"
+    }
+
+    /// Field name for the right child in the partial struct dtype.
+    fn right_name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "right"
+    }
+
+    /// Return type of the combined aggregate.
+    fn return_dtype(&self, input_dtype: &DType) -> Option<DType>;
+
+    /// Combine the finalized left and right results into the final aggregate.
+    fn finalize(&self, left: ArrayRef, right: ArrayRef) -> VortexResult<ArrayRef>;
+
+    fn finalize_scalar(&self, left_scalar: Scalar, right_scalar: Scalar) -> VortexResult<Scalar>;
+
+    /// Serialize the options for this combined aggregate. Default: not serializable.
+    fn serialize(&self, options: &CombinedOptions<Self>) -> VortexResult<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+        let _ = options;
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+
+    /// Deserialize the options for this combined aggregate. Default: bails.
+    fn deserialize(
+        &self,
+        metadata: &[u8],
+        session: &VortexSession,
+    ) -> VortexResult<CombinedOptions<Self>> {
+        let _ = (metadata, session);
+        vortex_bail!(
+            "Combined aggregate function {} is not deserializable",
+            BinaryCombined::id(self)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// Coerce the input type. Default: chains `right.coerce_args(left.coerce_args(input))`.
+    fn coerce_args(
+        &self,
+        options: &CombinedOptions<Self>,
+        input_dtype: &DType,
+    ) -> VortexResult<DType> {
+        let left_coerced = self.left().coerce_args(&options.0, input_dtype)?;
+        self.right().coerce_args(&options.1, &left_coerced)
+    }
+
+    /// Build the partial struct dtype that wraps the two child partials.
+    fn partial_struct_dtype(&self, left: DType, right: DType) -> DType {
+        DType::Struct(
+            StructFields::new(
+                FieldNames::from_iter([
+                    FieldName::from(self.left_name()),
+                    FieldName::from(self.right_name()),
+                ]),
+                vec![left, right],
+            ),
+            Nullability::NonNullable,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// Adapter that exposes any [`BinaryCombined`] as an [`AggregateFnVTable`].
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Combined<T: BinaryCombined>(pub T);
+
+impl<T: BinaryCombined> Combined<T> {
+    /// Construct a new combined aggregate vtable.
+    pub fn new(inner: T) -> Self {
+        Self(inner)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: BinaryCombined> AggregateFnVTable for Combined<T> {
+    type Options = CombinedOptions<T>;
+    type Partial = (LeftPartial<T>, RightPartial<T>);
+
+    fn id(&self) -> AggregateFnId {
+        self.0.id()
+    }
+
+    fn serialize(&self, options: &Self::Options) -> VortexResult<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+        BinaryCombined::serialize(&self.0, options)
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize(&self, metadata: &[u8], session: &VortexSession) -> VortexResult<Self::Options> {
+        BinaryCombined::deserialize(&self.0, metadata, session)
+    }
+
+    fn coerce_args(&self, options: &Self::Options, input_dtype: &DType) -> VortexResult<DType> {
+        BinaryCombined::coerce_args(&self.0, options, input_dtype)
+    }
+
+    fn return_dtype(&self, _options: &Self::Options, input_dtype: &DType) -> Option<DType> {
+        BinaryCombined::return_dtype(&self.0, input_dtype)
+    }
+
+    fn partial_dtype(&self, options: &Self::Options, input_dtype: &DType) -> Option<DType> {
+        let l = self.0.left().partial_dtype(&options.0, input_dtype)?;
+        let r = self.0.right().partial_dtype(&options.1, input_dtype)?;
+        Some(self.0.partial_struct_dtype(l, r))
+    }
+
+    fn empty_partial(
+        &self,
+        options: &Self::Options,
+        input_dtype: &DType,
+    ) -> VortexResult<Self::Partial> {
+        Ok((
+            self.0.left().empty_partial(&options.0, input_dtype)?,
+            self.0.right().empty_partial(&options.1, input_dtype)?,
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn combine_partials(&self, partial: &mut Self::Partial, other: Scalar) -> VortexResult<()> {
+        if other.is_null() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let s = other.as_struct();
+        let lname = self.0.left_name();
+        let rname = self.0.right_name();
+        let l_field = s
+            .field(lname)
+            .ok_or_else(|| vortex_err!("BinaryCombined partial missing `{}` field", lname))?;
+        let r_field = s
+            .field(rname)
+            .ok_or_else(|| vortex_err!("BinaryCombined partial missing `{}` field", rname))?;
+        self.0.left().combine_partials(&mut partial.0, l_field)?;
+        self.0.right().combine_partials(&mut partial.1, r_field)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn to_scalar(&self, partial: &Self::Partial) -> VortexResult<Scalar> {
+        let l_scalar = self.0.left().to_scalar(&partial.0)?;
+        let r_scalar = self.0.right().to_scalar(&partial.1)?;
+        let dtype = self
+            .0
+            .partial_struct_dtype(l_scalar.dtype().clone(), r_scalar.dtype().clone());
+        Ok(Scalar::struct_(dtype, vec![l_scalar, r_scalar]))
+    }
+
+    fn reset(&self, partial: &mut Self::Partial) {
+        self.0.left().reset(&mut partial.0);
+        self.0.right().reset(&mut partial.1);
+    }
+
+    fn is_saturated(&self, partial: &Self::Partial) -> bool {
+        self.0.left().is_saturated(&partial.0) && self.0.right().is_saturated(&partial.1)
+    }
+
+    /// Fans out to each child's `try_accumulate`, falling back to `accumulate`
+    /// against a lazily-canonicalized batch. We always claim to handle the
+    /// batch ourselves so [`Self::accumulate`] is unreachable — this is the
+    /// same trick `Count` uses to opt out of the canonicalization path.
+    fn try_accumulate(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::Partial,
+        batch: &ArrayRef,
+        ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
+    ) -> VortexResult<bool> {
+        let mut canonical: Option<Columnar> = None;
+        if !self.0.left().try_accumulate(&mut state.0, batch, ctx)? {
+            let c = canonical.insert(batch.clone().execute::<Columnar>(ctx)?);
+            self.0.left().accumulate(&mut state.0, c, ctx)?;
+        }
+        if !self.0.right().try_accumulate(&mut state.1, batch, ctx)? {
+            let c = match canonical.as_ref() {
+                Some(c) => c,
+                None => canonical.insert(batch.clone().execute::<Columnar>(ctx)?),
+            };
+            self.0.right().accumulate(&mut state.1, c, ctx)?;
+        }
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    fn accumulate(
+        &self,
+        _state: &mut Self::Partial,
+        _batch: &Columnar,
+        _ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
+    ) -> VortexResult<()> {
+        unreachable!("Combined::try_accumulate handles all batches")
+    }
+
+    fn finalize(&self, states: ArrayRef) -> VortexResult<ArrayRef> {
+        let l_field = states.get_item(FieldName::from(self.0.left_name()))?;
+        let r_field = states.get_item(FieldName::from(self.0.right_name()))?;
+        let l_finalized = self.0.left().finalize(l_field)?;
+        let r_finalized = self.0.right().finalize(r_field)?;
+        BinaryCombined::finalize(&self.0, l_finalized, r_finalized)
+    }
+
+    fn finalize_scalar(&self, partial: &Self::Partial) -> VortexResult<Scalar> {
+        let l_scalar = self.0.left().finalize_scalar(&partial.0)?;
+        let r_scalar = self.0.right().finalize_scalar(&partial.1)?;
+        BinaryCombined::finalize_scalar(&self.0, l_scalar, r_scalar)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/fns/mean/mod.rs b/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/fns/mean/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f7d471023ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/fns/mean/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
+
+use vortex_error::VortexResult;
+use vortex_error::vortex_bail;
+
+use crate::ArrayRef;
+use crate::ExecutionCtx;
+use crate::aggregate_fn::Accumulator;
+use crate::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnId;
+use crate::aggregate_fn::AggregateFnVTable;
+use crate::aggregate_fn::DynAccumulator;
+use crate::aggregate_fn::EmptyOptions;
+use crate::aggregate_fn::combined::BinaryCombined;
+use crate::aggregate_fn::combined::Combined;
+use crate::aggregate_fn::combined::CombinedOptions;
+use crate::aggregate_fn::combined::PairOptions;
+use crate::aggregate_fn::fns::count::Count;
+use crate::aggregate_fn::fns::sum::Sum;
+use crate::builtins::ArrayBuiltins;
+use crate::dtype::DType;
+use crate::dtype::Nullability;
+use crate::dtype::PType;
+use crate::scalar::Scalar;
+use crate::scalar_fn::fns::operators::Operator;
+
+/// Compute the arithmetic mean of an array.
+///
+/// See [`Mean`] for details.
+pub fn mean(array: &ArrayRef, ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx) -> VortexResult<Scalar> {
+    let mut acc = Accumulator::try_new(
+        Mean::combined(),
+        PairOptions(EmptyOptions, EmptyOptions),
+        array.dtype().clone(),
+    )?;
+    acc.accumulate(array, ctx)?;
+    acc.finish()
+}
+
+/// Compute the arithmetic mean of an array.
+///
+/// Implemented as `Sum / Count` via [`BinaryCombined`].
+///
+/// Coercion / return type:
+/// - Booleans and primitive numeric types are coerced to `f64` and the result
+///   is a nullable `f64`.
+/// - Decimals are kept as decimals but not implemented currently
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Mean;
+
+impl Mean {
+    pub fn combined() -> Combined<Self> {
+        Combined(Mean)
+    }
+}
+
+impl BinaryCombined for Mean {
+    type Left = Sum;
+    type Right = Count;
+
+    fn id(&self) -> AggregateFnId {
+        AggregateFnId::new("vortex.mean")
+    }
+
+    fn left(&self) -> Sum {
+        Sum
+    }
+
+    fn right(&self) -> Count {
+        Count
+    }
+
+    fn left_name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "sum"
+    }
+
+    fn right_name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "count"
+    }
+
+    fn return_dtype(&self, input_dtype: &DType) -> Option<DType> {
+        Some(mean_output_dtype(input_dtype)?.with_nullability(Nullability::Nullable))
+    }
+
+    fn finalize(&self, sum: ArrayRef, count: ArrayRef) -> VortexResult<ArrayRef> {
+        let target = match sum.dtype() {
+            DType::Decimal(..) => sum.dtype().with_nullability(Nullability::Nullable),
+            _ => DType::Primitive(PType::F64, Nullability::Nullable),
+        };
+        let sum_cast = sum.cast(target.clone())?;
+        let count_cast = count.cast(target)?;
+        sum_cast.binary(count_cast, Operator::Div)
+    }
+
+    fn finalize_scalar(&self, left_scalar: Scalar, right_scalar: Scalar) -> VortexResult<Scalar> {
+        if let DType::Decimal(..) = left_scalar.dtype() {
+            vortex_bail!("mean::finalize_scalar not yet implemented for decimal inputs");
+        }
+
+        let target = DType::Primitive(PType::F64, Nullability::Nullable);
+        let sum_cast = left_scalar.cast(&target)?;
+        let count_cast = right_scalar.cast(&target)?;
+
+        let sum = sum_cast.as_primitive().typed_value::<f64>();
+        let count = count_cast.as_primitive().typed_value::<f64>();
+        let value = match (sum, count) {
+            (None, _) | (_, None) | (_, Some(0.0)) => return Ok(Scalar::null(target)), // Sum overflowed
+            (Some(s), Some(c)) => s / c,
+        };
+        Ok(Scalar::primitive(value, Nullability::Nullable))
+    }
+
+    fn serialize(&self, _options: &CombinedOptions<Self>) -> VortexResult<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+        unimplemented!("mean is not yet serializable");
+    }
+
+    fn coerce_args(
+        &self,
+        _options: &PairOptions<
+            <Sum as AggregateFnVTable>::Options,
+            <Count as AggregateFnVTable>::Options,
+        >,
+        input_dtype: &DType,
+    ) -> VortexResult<DType> {
+        // Advisory hint for query planners: where possible, cast input to the
+        // type we're going to compute the mean in.
+        Ok(coerced_input_dtype(input_dtype).unwrap_or_else(|| input_dtype.clone()))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Hint for callers: what to cast the input to before accumulation.
+///
+/// - Bool stays as bool — `Sum` has a native bool path and bool → f64 isn't
+///   currently a direct cast in vortex.
+/// - Primitive numerics → `f64` so the sum and finalize work without overflow.
+fn coerced_input_dtype(input_dtype: &DType) -> Option<DType> {
+    match input_dtype {
+        DType::Bool(_) => Some(input_dtype.clone()),
+        DType::Primitive(_, n) => Some(DType::Primitive(PType::F64, *n)),
+        DType::Decimal(..) => {
+            unimplemented!("mean is not implemented for decimals yet")
+        }
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+fn mean_output_dtype(input_dtype: &DType) -> Option<DType> {
+    match input_dtype {
+        DType::Bool(_) | DType::Primitive(..) => {
+            Some(DType::Primitive(PType::F64, Nullability::Nullable))
+        }
+        DType::Decimal(..) => {
+            unimplemented!("mean for decimals is not yet implemented");
+        }
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use vortex_buffer::buffer;
+    use vortex_error::VortexResult;
+
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::IntoArray;
+    use crate::LEGACY_SESSION;
+    use crate::VortexSessionExecute;
+    use crate::arrays::BoolArray;
+    use crate::arrays::ChunkedArray;
+    use crate::arrays::ConstantArray;
+    use crate::arrays::PrimitiveArray;
+    use crate::validity::Validity;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mean_all_valid() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let array = PrimitiveArray::new(buffer![1.0f64, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0], Validity::NonNullable)
+            .into_array();
+        let mut ctx = LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let result = mean(&array, &mut ctx)?;
+        assert_eq!(result.as_primitive().as_::<f64>(), Some(3.0));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mean_with_nulls() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let array = PrimitiveArray::from_option_iter([Some(2.0f64), None, Some(4.0)]).into_array();
+        let mut ctx = LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let result = mean(&array, &mut ctx)?;
+        assert_eq!(result.as_primitive().as_::<f64>(), Some(3.0));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mean_integers() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let array = PrimitiveArray::new(buffer![10i32, 20, 30], Validity::NonNullable).into_array();
+        let mut ctx = LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let result = mean(&array, &mut ctx)?;
+        assert_eq!(result.as_primitive().as_::<f64>(), Some(20.0));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mean_bool() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let array: BoolArray = [true, false, true, true].into_iter().collect();
+        let mut ctx = LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let result = mean(&array.into_array(), &mut ctx)?;
+        assert_eq!(result.as_primitive().as_::<f64>(), Some(0.75));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mean_constant_non_null() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let array = ConstantArray::new(5.0f64, 4);
+        let mut ctx = LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let result = mean(&array.into_array(), &mut ctx)?;
+        assert_eq!(result.as_primitive().as_::<f64>(), Some(5.0));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mean_chunked() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let chunk1 = PrimitiveArray::from_option_iter([Some(1.0f64), None, Some(3.0)]);
+        let chunk2 = PrimitiveArray::from_option_iter([Some(5.0f64), None]);
+        let dtype = chunk1.dtype().clone();
+        let chunked = ChunkedArray::try_new(vec![chunk1.into_array(), chunk2.into_array()], dtype)?;
+        let mut ctx = LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let result = mean(&chunked.into_array(), &mut ctx)?;
+        assert_eq!(result.as_primitive().as_::<f64>(), Some(3.0));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mean_all_null_returns_null() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let array = PrimitiveArray::from_option_iter::<f64, _>([None, None, None]).into_array();
+        let mut ctx = LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let result = mean(&array, &mut ctx)?;
+        assert_eq!(result.as_primitive().as_::<f64>(), None);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mean_multi_batch() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let mut ctx = LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        let dtype = DType::Primitive(PType::F64, Nullability::NonNullable);
+        let mut acc = Accumulator::try_new(
+            Mean::combined(),
+            PairOptions(EmptyOptions, EmptyOptions),
+            dtype,
+        )?;
+
+        let batch1 =
+            PrimitiveArray::new(buffer![1.0f64, 2.0, 3.0], Validity::NonNullable).into_array();
+        acc.accumulate(&batch1, &mut ctx)?;
+
+        let batch2 = PrimitiveArray::new(buffer![4.0f64, 5.0], Validity::NonNullable).into_array();
+        acc.accumulate(&batch2, &mut ctx)?;
+
+        let result = acc.finish()?;
+        assert_eq!(result.as_primitive().as_::<f64>(), Some(3.0));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/fns/mod.rs b/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/fns/mod.rs
index 38d5340cd1f..f1281c18544 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/fns/mod.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/fns/mod.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ pub mod first;
 pub mod is_constant;
 pub mod is_sorted;
 pub mod last;
+pub mod mean;
 pub mod min_max;
 pub mod nan_count;
 pub mod sum;
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/mod.rs b/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/mod.rs
index b697265e62b..1bcd2cac030 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/mod.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/mod.rs
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ pub use erased::*;
 mod options;
 pub use options::*;
 
+pub mod combined;
 pub mod fns;
 pub mod kernels;
 pub mod proto;
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/session.rs b/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/session.rs
index 886b1ea9c2d..17720398f6c 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/session.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/aggregate_fn/session.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
 
+use std::any::Any;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use parking_lot::RwLock;
 use vortex_session::Ref;
 use vortex_session::SessionExt;
+use vortex_session::SessionVar;
 use vortex_session::registry::Registry;
 use vortex_utils::aliases::hash_map::HashMap;
 
@@ -42,6 +44,16 @@ pub struct AggregateFnSession {
     pub(super) grouped_kernels: RwLock<HashMap<KernelKey, &'static dyn DynGroupedAggregateKernel>>,
 }
 
+impl SessionVar for AggregateFnSession {
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
 type KernelKey = (ArrayId, Option<AggregateFnId>);
 
 impl Default for AggregateFnSession {
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/array.rs b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/array.rs
index 54924f8053f..5253156d1fb 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/array.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/array.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 use std::fmt::Display;
 use std::fmt::Formatter;
 
-use vortex_error::VortexExpect;
 use vortex_error::VortexResult;
 use vortex_error::vortex_bail;
 
@@ -16,15 +15,17 @@ use crate::array::ArrayParts;
 use crate::array::TypedArrayRef;
 use crate::array::child_to_validity;
 use crate::array::validity_to_child;
+use crate::array_slots;
 use crate::arrays::Masked;
 use crate::validity::Validity;
 
-/// The underlying child array being masked.
-pub(super) const CHILD_SLOT: usize = 0;
-/// The validity bitmap defining which elements are non-null.
-pub(super) const VALIDITY_SLOT: usize = 1;
-pub(super) const NUM_SLOTS: usize = 2;
-pub(super) const SLOT_NAMES: [&str; NUM_SLOTS] = ["child", "validity"];
+#[array_slots(Masked)]
+pub struct MaskedSlots {
+    /// The underlying child array being masked.
+    pub child: ArrayRef,
+    /// The validity bitmap defining which elements are non-null.
+    pub validity: Option<ArrayRef>,
+}
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct MaskedData;
@@ -35,22 +36,10 @@ impl Display for MaskedData {
     }
 }
 
-pub trait MaskedArrayExt: TypedArrayRef<Masked> {
-    fn child(&self) -> &ArrayRef {
-        self.as_ref().slots()[CHILD_SLOT]
-            .as_ref()
-            .vortex_expect("validated masked child slot")
-    }
-
-    fn validity_child(&self) -> Option<&ArrayRef> {
-        self.as_ref().slots()[VALIDITY_SLOT].as_ref()
-    }
-
+pub trait MaskedArrayExt: TypedArrayRef<Masked> + MaskedArraySlotsExt {
     fn masked_validity(&self) -> Validity {
-        child_to_validity(
-            &self.as_ref().slots()[VALIDITY_SLOT],
-            self.as_ref().dtype().nullability(),
-        )
+        let x = &self.as_ref().slots()[MaskedSlots::VALIDITY];
+        child_to_validity(x, self.as_ref().dtype().nullability())
     }
 }
 impl<T: TypedArrayRef<Masked>> MaskedArrayExt for T {}
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/filter.rs b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/filter.rs
index fb3969b4bb8..9ea6b168105 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/filter.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/filter.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::array::ArrayView;
 use crate::arrays::Masked;
 use crate::arrays::MaskedArray;
 use crate::arrays::filter::FilterReduce;
-use crate::arrays::masked::MaskedArrayExt;
+use crate::arrays::masked::MaskedArraySlotsExt;
 
 impl FilterReduce for Masked {
     fn filter(array: ArrayView<'_, Masked>, mask: &Mask) -> VortexResult<Option<ArrayRef>> {
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/mask.rs b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/mask.rs
index d8590a68d34..514d0aeaafc 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/mask.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/mask.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use vortex_error::VortexResult;
 use crate::ArrayRef;
 use crate::array::ArrayView;
 use crate::arrays::Masked;
-use crate::arrays::masked::MaskedArrayExt;
+use crate::arrays::masked::MaskedArraySlotsExt;
 use crate::arrays::scalar_fn::ScalarFnFactoryExt;
 use crate::scalar_fn::EmptyOptions;
 use crate::scalar_fn::fns::mask::Mask as MaskExpr;
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/slice.rs b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/slice.rs
index fe295bd6826..5a51ca9f681 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/slice.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/slice.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::IntoArray;
 use crate::array::ArrayView;
 use crate::arrays::Masked;
 use crate::arrays::MaskedArray;
-use crate::arrays::masked::MaskedArrayExt;
+use crate::arrays::masked::MaskedArraySlotsExt;
 use crate::arrays::slice::SliceReduce;
 
 impl SliceReduce for Masked {
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/take.rs b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/take.rs
index 958a848d180..1eff686b4d9 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/take.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/compute/take.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use crate::array::ArrayView;
 use crate::arrays::Masked;
 use crate::arrays::MaskedArray;
 use crate::arrays::dict::TakeReduce;
-use crate::arrays::masked::MaskedArrayExt;
+use crate::arrays::masked::MaskedArraySlotsExt;
 use crate::builtins::ArrayBuiltins;
 use crate::scalar::Scalar;
 use crate::validity::Validity;
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/execute.rs b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/execute.rs
index 4bc6449ead3..354b246405c 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/execute.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/execute.rs
@@ -3,11 +3,9 @@
 
 //! Execution logic for MaskedArray - applies a validity mask to canonical arrays.
 
-use std::ops::BitAnd;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use vortex_error::VortexResult;
-use vortex_mask::Mask;
 
 use crate::Canonical;
 use crate::IntoArray;
@@ -17,7 +15,6 @@ use crate::arrays::ExtensionArray;
 use crate::arrays::FixedSizeListArray;
 use crate::arrays::ListViewArray;
 use crate::arrays::MaskedArray;
-use crate::arrays::NullArray;
 use crate::arrays::PrimitiveArray;
 use crate::arrays::StructArray;
 use crate::arrays::VarBinViewArray;
@@ -28,9 +25,7 @@ use crate::arrays::fixed_size_list::FixedSizeListArrayExt;
 use crate::arrays::listview::ListViewArrayExt;
 use crate::arrays::struct_::StructArrayExt;
 use crate::arrays::variant::VariantArrayExt;
-use crate::dtype::Nullability;
 use crate::executor::ExecutionCtx;
-use crate::match_each_decimal_value_type;
 use crate::validity::Validity;
 
 /// TODO: replace usage of compute fn.
@@ -40,64 +35,36 @@ use crate::validity::Validity;
 /// validity with the provided mask, marking additional positions as invalid.
 pub fn mask_validity_canonical(
     canonical: Canonical,
-    validity_mask: &Mask,
+    validity: Validity,
     ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
 ) -> VortexResult<Canonical> {
     Ok(match canonical {
-        Canonical::Null(a) => Canonical::Null(mask_validity_null(a, validity_mask)),
-        Canonical::Bool(a) => Canonical::Bool(mask_validity_bool(a, validity_mask, ctx)?),
-        Canonical::Primitive(a) => {
-            Canonical::Primitive(mask_validity_primitive(a, validity_mask, ctx)?)
-        }
-        Canonical::Decimal(a) => Canonical::Decimal(mask_validity_decimal(a, validity_mask, ctx)?),
-        Canonical::VarBinView(a) => {
-            Canonical::VarBinView(mask_validity_varbinview(a, validity_mask, ctx)?)
-        }
-        Canonical::List(a) => Canonical::List(mask_validity_listview(a, validity_mask, ctx)?),
+        n @ Canonical::Null(_) => n,
+        Canonical::Bool(a) => Canonical::Bool(mask_validity_bool(a, validity)?),
+        Canonical::Primitive(a) => Canonical::Primitive(mask_validity_primitive(a, validity)?),
+        Canonical::Decimal(a) => Canonical::Decimal(mask_validity_decimal(a, validity)?),
+        Canonical::VarBinView(a) => Canonical::VarBinView(mask_validity_varbinview(a, validity)?),
+        Canonical::List(a) => Canonical::List(mask_validity_listview(a, validity)?),
         Canonical::FixedSizeList(a) => {
-            Canonical::FixedSizeList(mask_validity_fixed_size_list(a, validity_mask, ctx)?)
+            Canonical::FixedSizeList(mask_validity_fixed_size_list(a, validity)?)
         }
-        Canonical::Struct(a) => Canonical::Struct(mask_validity_struct(a, validity_mask, ctx)?),
-        Canonical::Extension(a) => {
-            Canonical::Extension(mask_validity_extension(a, validity_mask, ctx)?)
-        }
-        Canonical::Variant(a) => Canonical::Variant(mask_validity_variant(a, validity_mask, ctx)?),
+        Canonical::Struct(a) => Canonical::Struct(mask_validity_struct(a, validity)?),
+        Canonical::Extension(a) => Canonical::Extension(mask_validity_extension(a, validity, ctx)?),
+        Canonical::Variant(a) => Canonical::Variant(mask_validity_variant(a, validity)?),
     })
 }
 
-fn combine_validity(
-    validity: &Validity,
-    mask: &Mask,
-    len: usize,
-    ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
-) -> VortexResult<Validity> {
-    let current_mask = validity.execute_mask(len, ctx)?;
-    let combined = current_mask.bitand(mask);
-    Ok(Validity::from_mask(combined, Nullability::Nullable))
-}
-
-fn mask_validity_null(array: NullArray, _mask: &Mask) -> NullArray {
-    array
-}
-
-fn mask_validity_bool(
-    array: BoolArray,
-    mask: &Mask,
-    ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
-) -> VortexResult<BoolArray> {
-    let len = array.len();
-    let new_validity = combine_validity(&array.validity()?, mask, len, ctx)?;
+fn mask_validity_bool(array: BoolArray, mask: Validity) -> VortexResult<BoolArray> {
+    let new_validity = Validity::and(array.validity()?, mask)?;
     Ok(BoolArray::new(array.to_bit_buffer(), new_validity))
 }
 
 fn mask_validity_primitive(
     array: PrimitiveArray,
-    mask: &Mask,
-    ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
+    validity: Validity,
 ) -> VortexResult<PrimitiveArray> {
-    let len = array.len();
     let ptype = array.ptype();
-    let new_validity = combine_validity(&array.validity()?, mask, len, ctx)?;
+    let new_validity = Validity::and(array.validity()?, validity)?;
     // SAFETY: validity has same length as values
     Ok(unsafe {
         PrimitiveArray::new_unchecked_from_handle(
@@ -108,31 +75,26 @@ fn mask_validity_primitive(
     })
 }
 
-fn mask_validity_decimal(
-    array: DecimalArray,
-    mask: &Mask,
-    ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
-) -> VortexResult<DecimalArray> {
-    let len = array.len();
-    let dec_dtype = array.decimal_dtype();
-    let values_type = array.values_type();
-    let new_validity = combine_validity(&array.validity()?, mask, len, ctx)?;
+fn mask_validity_decimal(array: DecimalArray, validity: Validity) -> VortexResult<DecimalArray> {
+    let new_validity = Validity::and(array.validity()?, validity)?;
     // SAFETY: We're only changing validity, not the data structure
-    Ok(match_each_decimal_value_type!(values_type, |T| {
-        let buffer = array.buffer::<T>();
-        unsafe { DecimalArray::new_unchecked(buffer, dec_dtype, new_validity) }
-    }))
+    Ok(unsafe {
+        DecimalArray::new_unchecked_handle(
+            array.buffer_handle().clone(),
+            array.values_type(),
+            array.decimal_dtype(),
+            new_validity,
+        )
+    })
 }
 
 /// Mask validity for VarBinViewArray.
 fn mask_validity_varbinview(
     array: VarBinViewArray,
-    mask: &Mask,
-    ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
+    validity: Validity,
 ) -> VortexResult<VarBinViewArray> {
-    let len = array.len();
     let dtype = array.dtype().as_nullable();
-    let new_validity = combine_validity(&array.validity()?, mask, len, ctx)?;
+    let new_validity = Validity::and(array.validity()?, validity)?;
     // SAFETY: We're only changing validity, not the data structure
     Ok(unsafe {
         VarBinViewArray::new_handle_unchecked(
@@ -144,13 +106,8 @@ fn mask_validity_varbinview(
     })
 }
 
-fn mask_validity_listview(
-    array: ListViewArray,
-    mask: &Mask,
-    ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
-) -> VortexResult<ListViewArray> {
-    let len = array.len();
-    let new_validity = combine_validity(&array.validity()?, mask, len, ctx)?;
+fn mask_validity_listview(array: ListViewArray, validity: Validity) -> VortexResult<ListViewArray> {
+    let new_validity = Validity::and(array.validity()?, validity)?;
     // SAFETY: We're only changing validity, not the data structure
     Ok(unsafe {
         ListViewArray::new_unchecked(
@@ -164,25 +121,20 @@ fn mask_validity_listview(
 
 fn mask_validity_fixed_size_list(
     array: FixedSizeListArray,
-    mask: &Mask,
-    ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
+    validity: Validity,
 ) -> VortexResult<FixedSizeListArray> {
     let len = array.len();
     let list_size = array.list_size();
-    let new_validity = combine_validity(&array.validity()?, mask, len, ctx)?;
+    let new_validity = Validity::and(array.validity()?, validity)?;
     // SAFETY: We're only changing validity, not the data structure
     Ok(unsafe {
         FixedSizeListArray::new_unchecked(array.elements().clone(), list_size, new_validity, len)
     })
 }
 
-fn mask_validity_struct(
-    array: StructArray,
-    mask: &Mask,
-    ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
-) -> VortexResult<StructArray> {
+fn mask_validity_struct(array: StructArray, validity: Validity) -> VortexResult<StructArray> {
     let len = array.len();
-    let new_validity = combine_validity(&array.validity()?, mask, len, ctx)?;
+    let new_validity = Validity::and(array.validity()?, validity)?;
     let fields = array.unmasked_fields();
     let struct_fields = array.struct_fields();
     // SAFETY: We're only changing validity, not the data structure
@@ -191,12 +143,12 @@ fn mask_validity_struct(
 
 fn mask_validity_extension(
     array: ExtensionArray,
-    mask: &Mask,
+    validity: Validity,
     ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
 ) -> VortexResult<ExtensionArray> {
     // For extension arrays, we need to mask the underlying storage
     let storage = array.storage_array().clone().execute::<Canonical>(ctx)?;
-    let masked_storage = mask_validity_canonical(storage, mask, ctx)?;
+    let masked_storage = mask_validity_canonical(storage, validity, ctx)?;
     let masked_storage = masked_storage.into_array();
     Ok(ExtensionArray::new(
         array
@@ -206,11 +158,7 @@ fn mask_validity_extension(
     ))
 }
 
-fn mask_validity_variant(
-    array: VariantArray,
-    mask: &Mask,
-    ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
-) -> VortexResult<VariantArray> {
+fn mask_validity_variant(array: VariantArray, validity: Validity) -> VortexResult<VariantArray> {
     let child = array.child().clone();
     let len = child.len();
     let child_validity = child.validity()?;
@@ -218,8 +166,7 @@ fn mask_validity_variant(
     match child_validity {
         Validity::NonNullable | Validity::AllValid => {
             // Child has no nulls — wrap in MaskedArray to apply the mask.
-            let new_validity = Validity::from_mask(mask.clone(), Nullability::Nullable);
-            let masked_child = MaskedArray::try_new(child, new_validity)?;
+            let masked_child = MaskedArray::try_new(child, validity)?;
             Ok(VariantArray::new(masked_child.into_array()))
         }
         Validity::AllInvalid => {
@@ -229,7 +176,7 @@ fn mask_validity_variant(
         Validity::Array(_) => {
             // Child has an array-backed validity stored as its first child.
             // Combine with the mask and replace that child via with_children.
-            let combined = combine_validity(&child_validity, mask, len, ctx)?;
+            let combined = Validity::and(child_validity, validity)?;
             let new_child = child.with_slot(0, combined.to_array(len))?;
             Ok(VariantArray::new(new_child))
         }
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/mod.rs b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/mod.rs
index ac437d30321..7e23653c1c4 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/mod.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/mod.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 
 mod array;
 pub use array::MaskedArrayExt;
+pub use array::MaskedArraySlotsExt;
 pub use array::MaskedData;
+pub use array::MaskedSlots;
 pub use vtable::MaskedArray;
 
 pub(crate) mod compute;
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/vtable/mod.rs b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/vtable/mod.rs
index d4eb457c434..2ef10ba0082 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/vtable/mod.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/vtable/mod.rs
@@ -30,10 +30,9 @@ use crate::array::VTable;
 use crate::array::validity_to_child;
 use crate::arrays::ConstantArray;
 use crate::arrays::masked::MaskedArrayExt;
+use crate::arrays::masked::MaskedArraySlotsExt;
 use crate::arrays::masked::MaskedData;
-use crate::arrays::masked::array::CHILD_SLOT;
-use crate::arrays::masked::array::SLOT_NAMES;
-use crate::arrays::masked::array::VALIDITY_SLOT;
+use crate::arrays::masked::array::MaskedSlots;
 use crate::arrays::masked::compute::rules::PARENT_RULES;
 use crate::arrays::masked::mask_validity_canonical;
 use crate::buffer::BufferHandle;
@@ -41,7 +40,6 @@ use crate::dtype::DType;
 use crate::executor::ExecutionCtx;
 use crate::executor::ExecutionResult;
 use crate::require_child;
-use crate::require_validity;
 use crate::scalar::Scalar;
 use crate::serde::ArrayChildren;
 use crate::validity::Validity;
@@ -80,10 +78,10 @@ impl VTable for Masked {
         slots: &[Option<ArrayRef>],
     ) -> VortexResult<()> {
         vortex_ensure!(
-            slots[CHILD_SLOT].is_some(),
+            slots[MaskedSlots::CHILD].is_some(),
             "MaskedArray child slot must be present"
         );
-        let child = slots[CHILD_SLOT]
+        let child = slots[MaskedSlots::CHILD]
             .as_ref()
             .vortex_expect("validated child slot");
         vortex_ensure!(child.len() == len, "MaskedArray child length mismatch");
@@ -161,10 +159,12 @@ impl VTable for Masked {
     }
 
     fn execute(array: Array<Self>, ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx) -> VortexResult<ExecutionResult> {
-        let validity_mask = array.masked_validity().execute_mask(array.len(), ctx)?;
+        let array = require_child!(array, array.child(), MaskedSlots::CHILD => AnyCanonical);
+
+        let validity = array.masked_validity();
 
         // Fast path: all masked means result is all nulls.
-        if validity_mask.all_false() {
+        if matches!(validity, Validity::AllInvalid) {
             return Ok(ExecutionResult::done(
                 ConstantArray::new(Scalar::null(array.dtype().as_nullable()), array.len())
                     .into_array(),
@@ -177,12 +177,9 @@ impl VTable for Masked {
         // While we could manually convert the dtype, `mask_validity_canonical` is already O(1) for
         // `AllTrue` masks (no data copying), so there's no benefit.
 
-        let array = require_child!(array, array.child(), CHILD_SLOT => AnyCanonical);
-        require_validity!(array, VALIDITY_SLOT);
-
         let child = Canonical::from(array.child().as_::<AnyCanonical>());
         Ok(ExecutionResult::done(
-            mask_validity_canonical(child, &validity_mask, ctx)?.into_array(),
+            mask_validity_canonical(child, validity, ctx)?.into_array(),
         ))
     }
 
@@ -194,7 +191,7 @@ impl VTable for Masked {
         PARENT_RULES.evaluate(array, parent, child_idx)
     }
     fn slot_name(_array: ArrayView<'_, Self>, idx: usize) -> String {
-        SLOT_NAMES[idx].to_string()
+        MaskedSlots::NAMES[idx].to_string()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/vtable/operations.rs b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/vtable/operations.rs
index 294cd840376..c82d0bf03ed 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/vtable/operations.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/arrays/masked/vtable/operations.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::ExecutionCtx;
 use crate::array::ArrayView;
 use crate::array::OperationsVTable;
 use crate::arrays::Masked;
-use crate::arrays::masked::MaskedArrayExt;
+use crate::arrays::masked::MaskedArraySlotsExt;
 use crate::scalar::Scalar;
 
 impl OperationsVTable<Masked> for Masked {
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/arrow/executor/temporal.rs b/vortex-array/src/arrow/executor/temporal.rs
index 6fa8e93e704..c68a4f3ee9f 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/arrow/executor/temporal.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/arrow/executor/temporal.rs
@@ -86,16 +86,16 @@ pub(super) fn to_arrow_temporal(
 
             match (unit, arrow_unit) {
                 (TimeUnit::Seconds, ArrowTimeUnit::Second) => {
-                    to_arrow_timestamp::<TimestampSecondType>(array, arrow_tz, ctx)
+                    to_arrow_timestamp::<TimestampSecondType>(array, arrow_tz.as_ref(), ctx)
                 }
                 (TimeUnit::Milliseconds, ArrowTimeUnit::Millisecond) => {
-                    to_arrow_timestamp::<TimestampMillisecondType>(array, arrow_tz, ctx)
+                    to_arrow_timestamp::<TimestampMillisecondType>(array, arrow_tz.as_ref(), ctx)
                 }
                 (TimeUnit::Microseconds, ArrowTimeUnit::Microsecond) => {
-                    to_arrow_timestamp::<TimestampMicrosecondType>(array, arrow_tz, ctx)
+                    to_arrow_timestamp::<TimestampMicrosecondType>(array, arrow_tz.as_ref(), ctx)
                 }
                 (TimeUnit::Nanoseconds, ArrowTimeUnit::Nanosecond) => {
-                    to_arrow_timestamp::<TimestampNanosecondType>(array, arrow_tz, ctx)
+                    to_arrow_timestamp::<TimestampNanosecondType>(array, arrow_tz.as_ref(), ctx)
                 }
                 _ => vortex_bail!(
                     "Cannot convert {} array to Arrow type {}",
@@ -125,14 +125,14 @@ where
 
 fn to_arrow_timestamp<T: ArrowTimestampType>(
     array: ArrayRef,
-    arrow_tz: &Option<Arc<str>>,
+    arrow_tz: Option<&Arc<str>>,
     ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
 ) -> VortexResult<ArrowArrayRef>
 where
     T::Native: NativePType,
 {
     Ok(Arc::new(
-        to_arrow_temporal_primitive::<T>(array, ctx)?.with_timezone_opt(arrow_tz.clone()),
+        to_arrow_temporal_primitive::<T>(array, ctx)?.with_timezone_opt(arrow_tz.cloned()),
     ))
 }
 
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/dtype/session.rs b/vortex-array/src/dtype/session.rs
index 669aab68165..2314658869f 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/dtype/session.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/dtype/session.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 
 //! Module for managing extension dtypes in a Vortex session.
 
+use std::any::Any;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use vortex_session::Ref;
 use vortex_session::SessionExt;
+use vortex_session::SessionVar;
 use vortex_session::registry::Registry;
 
 use crate::dtype::extension::ExtDTypePluginRef;
@@ -39,6 +41,16 @@ impl Default for DTypeSession {
     }
 }
 
+impl SessionVar for DTypeSession {
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
 impl DTypeSession {
     /// Register an extension DType with the Vortex session.
     pub fn register<V: ExtVTable>(&self, vtable: V) {
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/expr/pruning/pruning_expr.rs b/vortex-array/src/expr/pruning/pruning_expr.rs
index bf985cad861..00d29fbcf99 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/expr/pruning/pruning_expr.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/expr/pruning/pruning_expr.rs
@@ -86,6 +86,11 @@ pub fn field_path_stat_field_name(field_path: &FieldPath, stat: Stat) -> FieldNa
 /// cannot hold, and false if it cannot be determined from stats alone whether the positions can
 /// be pruned.
 ///
+/// Some rewrites, such as `is_not_null(...)`, emit
+/// [`row_count`][crate::scalar_fn::internal::row_count] placeholders. The evaluation layer must
+/// replace those placeholders with the row count for its current scope before
+/// executing the returned expression.
+///
 /// If the falsification logic attempts to access an unknown stat,
 /// this function will return `None`.
 pub fn checked_pruning_expr(
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/memory.rs b/vortex-array/src/memory.rs
index 47030b18131..d3669e49f93 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/memory.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/memory.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 //! Session-scoped memory allocation for host-side buffers.
 
+use std::any::Any;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::mem::size_of;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ use vortex_error::vortex_err;
 use vortex_session::Ref;
 use vortex_session::RefMut;
 use vortex_session::SessionExt;
+use vortex_session::SessionVar;
 
 /// Mutable host buffer contract used by [`WritableHostBuffer`].
 pub trait HostBufferMut: Send + 'static {
@@ -199,6 +201,16 @@ impl Default for MemorySession {
     }
 }
 
+impl SessionVar for MemorySession {
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
 /// Extension trait for accessing session-scoped memory configuration.
 pub trait MemorySessionExt: SessionExt {
     /// Returns the memory session for this execution/session context.
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/optimizer/kernels.rs b/vortex-array/src/optimizer/kernels.rs
index af70d0f9b9b..a31192f8016 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/optimizer/kernels.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/optimizer/kernels.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 //! sessions can add it with [`VortexSession::with`](vortex_session::VortexSession::with) or rely
 //! on [`ArrayKernelsExt::kernels`] to insert the default value.
 
+use std::any::Any;
 use std::hash::BuildHasher;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::LazyLock;
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
 use vortex_error::VortexResult;
 use vortex_session::Ref;
 use vortex_session::SessionExt;
+use vortex_session::SessionVar;
 use vortex_session::registry::Id;
 use vortex_utils::aliases::DefaultHashBuilder;
 use vortex_utils::aliases::hash_map::HashMap;
@@ -100,6 +102,16 @@ impl ArrayKernels {
     }
 }
 
+impl SessionVar for ArrayKernels {
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
 /// Extension trait for accessing optimizer kernels from a
 /// [`VortexSession`](vortex_session::VortexSession).
 pub trait ArrayKernelsExt: SessionExt {
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/arbitrary.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/arbitrary.rs
index 6abf02ffbc3..4b74e726749 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/arbitrary.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/arbitrary.rs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pub fn random_scalar(u: &mut Unstructured, dtype: &DType) -> Result<Scalar> {
         .vortex_expect("unable to construct random `Scalar`_"),
         DType::Struct(sdt, _) => Scalar::try_new(
             dtype.clone(),
-            Some(ScalarValue::List(
+            Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(
                 sdt.fields()
                     .map(|d| random_scalar(u, &d).map(|s| s.into_value()))
                     .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub fn random_scalar(u: &mut Unstructured, dtype: &DType) -> Result<Scalar> {
         .vortex_expect("unable to construct random `Scalar`_"),
         DType::List(edt, _) => Scalar::try_new(
             dtype.clone(),
-            Some(ScalarValue::List(
+            Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(
                 iter::from_fn(|| {
                     // Generate elements with 1/4 probability.
                     u.arbitrary()
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ pub fn random_scalar(u: &mut Unstructured, dtype: &DType) -> Result<Scalar> {
         .vortex_expect("unable to construct random `Scalar`_"),
         DType::FixedSizeList(edt, size, _) => Scalar::try_new(
             dtype.clone(),
-            Some(ScalarValue::List(
+            Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(
                 (0..*size)
                     .map(|_| random_scalar(u, edt).map(|s| s.into_value()))
                     .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?,
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/constructor.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/constructor.rs
index faaddc1dcef..2baf53c9528 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/constructor.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/constructor.rs
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ impl Scalar {
             ListKind::FixedSize => DType::FixedSizeList(element_dtype, size, nullability),
         };
 
-        Self::try_new(dtype, Some(ScalarValue::List(children)))
+        Self::try_new(dtype, Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(children)))
             .vortex_expect("unable to construct a list `Scalar`")
     }
 
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/convert/into_scalar.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/convert/into_scalar.rs
index ac804c06dde..f37173d5be7 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/convert/into_scalar.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/convert/into_scalar.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ where
     Scalar: From<T>,
 {
     fn from(vec: Vec<T>) -> Self {
-        ScalarValue::List(
+        ScalarValue::Tuple(
             vec.into_iter()
                 .map(|elem| Scalar::from(elem).into_value())
                 .collect(),
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/downcast.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/downcast.rs
index ce9996514e3..1276141fc35 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/downcast.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/downcast.rs
@@ -115,12 +115,13 @@ impl Scalar {
 
     /// Returns a view of the scalar as a list scalar.
     ///
-    /// Note that we use [`ListScalar`] to represent **both** [`List`](crate::dtype::DType::List) and
-    /// [`FixedSizeList`](crate::dtype::DType::FixedSizeList).
+    /// Note that we use [`ListScalar`] to represent **both** [`List`](crate::dtype::DType::List)
+    /// and [`FixedSizeList`](crate::dtype::DType::FixedSizeList).
     ///
     /// # Panics
     ///
-    /// Panics if the scalar does not have a [`List`](crate::dtype::DType::List) or [`FixedSizeList`](crate::dtype::DType::FixedSizeList) type.
+    /// Panics if the scalar does not have a [`List`](crate::dtype::DType::List) or
+    /// [`FixedSizeList`](crate::dtype::DType::FixedSizeList) type.
     pub fn as_list(&self) -> ListScalar<'_> {
         self.as_list_opt()
             .vortex_expect("Failed to convert scalar to list")
@@ -128,8 +129,8 @@ impl Scalar {
 
     /// Returns a view of the scalar as a list scalar if it has a list type.
     ///
-    /// Note that we use [`ListScalar`] to represent **both** [`List`](crate::dtype::DType::List) and
-    /// [`FixedSizeList`](crate::dtype::DType::FixedSizeList).
+    /// Note that we use [`ListScalar`] to represent **both** [`List`](crate::dtype::DType::List)
+    /// and [`FixedSizeList`](crate::dtype::DType::FixedSizeList).
     pub fn as_list_opt(&self) -> Option<ListScalar<'_>> {
         ListScalar::try_new(self.dtype(), self.value()).ok()
     }
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ impl Scalar {
 }
 
 impl ScalarValue {
-    /// Returns the boolean value, panicking if the value is not a [`Bool`][ScalarValue::Bool].
+    /// Returns the boolean value, panicking if the value is not a [`Bool`](ScalarValue::Bool).
     pub fn as_bool(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             ScalarValue::Bool(b) => *b,
@@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ impl ScalarValue {
     }
 
     /// Returns the primitive value, panicking if the value is not a
-    /// [`Primitive`][ScalarValue::Primitive].
+    /// [`Primitive`](ScalarValue::Primitive).
     pub fn as_primitive(&self) -> &PValue {
         match self {
             ScalarValue::Primitive(p) => p,
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ impl ScalarValue {
     }
 
     /// Returns the decimal value, panicking if the value is not a
-    /// [`Decimal`][ScalarValue::Decimal].
+    /// [`Decimal`](ScalarValue::Decimal).
     pub fn as_decimal(&self) -> &DecimalValue {
         match self {
             ScalarValue::Decimal(d) => d,
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ impl ScalarValue {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns the UTF-8 string value, panicking if the value is not a [`Utf8`][ScalarValue::Utf8].
+    /// Returns the UTF-8 string value, panicking if the value is not a [`Utf8`](ScalarValue::Utf8).
     pub fn as_utf8(&self) -> &BufferString {
         match self {
             ScalarValue::Utf8(s) => s,
@@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ impl ScalarValue {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns the binary value, panicking if the value is not a [`Binary`][ScalarValue::Binary].
+    /// Returns the binary value, panicking if the value is not a [`Binary`](ScalarValue::Binary).
     pub fn as_binary(&self) -> &ByteBuffer {
         match self {
             ScalarValue::Binary(b) => b,
@@ -214,15 +215,15 @@ impl ScalarValue {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns the list elements, panicking if the value is not a [`List`][ScalarValue::List].
+    /// Returns the tuple elements, panicking if the value is not a [`Tuple`](ScalarValue::Tuple).
     pub fn as_list(&self) -> &[Option<ScalarValue>] {
         match self {
-            ScalarValue::List(elements) => elements,
-            _ => vortex_panic!("ScalarValue is not a List"),
+            ScalarValue::Tuple(elements) => elements,
+            _ => vortex_panic!("ScalarValue is not a Tuple"),
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns the boolean value, panicking if the value is not a [`Bool`][ScalarValue::Bool].
+    /// Returns the boolean value, panicking if the value is not a [`Bool`](ScalarValue::Bool).
     pub fn into_bool(self) -> bool {
         match self {
             ScalarValue::Bool(b) => b,
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ impl ScalarValue {
     }
 
     /// Returns the primitive value, panicking if the value is not a
-    /// [`Primitive`][ScalarValue::Primitive].
+    /// [`Primitive`](ScalarValue::Primitive).
     pub fn into_primitive(self) -> PValue {
         match self {
             ScalarValue::Primitive(p) => p,
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ impl ScalarValue {
     }
 
     /// Returns the decimal value, panicking if the value is not a
-    /// [`Decimal`][ScalarValue::Decimal].
+    /// [`Decimal`](ScalarValue::Decimal).
     pub fn into_decimal(self) -> DecimalValue {
         match self {
             ScalarValue::Decimal(d) => d,
@@ -248,7 +249,7 @@ impl ScalarValue {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns the UTF-8 string value, panicking if the value is not a [`Utf8`][ScalarValue::Utf8].
+    /// Returns the UTF-8 string value, panicking if the value is not a [`Utf8`](ScalarValue::Utf8).
     pub fn into_utf8(self) -> BufferString {
         match self {
             ScalarValue::Utf8(s) => s,
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ impl ScalarValue {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns the binary value, panicking if the value is not a [`Binary`][ScalarValue::Binary].
+    /// Returns the binary value, panicking if the value is not a [`Binary`](ScalarValue::Binary).
     pub fn into_binary(self) -> ByteBuffer {
         match self {
             ScalarValue::Binary(b) => b,
@@ -264,11 +265,11 @@ impl ScalarValue {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns the list elements, panicking if the value is not a [`List`][ScalarValue::List].
+    /// Returns the tuple elements, panicking if the value is not a [`Tuple`](ScalarValue::Tuple).
     pub fn into_list(self) -> Vec<Option<ScalarValue>> {
         match self {
-            ScalarValue::List(elements) => elements,
-            _ => vortex_panic!("ScalarValue is not a List"),
+            ScalarValue::Tuple(elements) => elements,
+            _ => vortex_panic!("ScalarValue is not a Tuple"),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/proto.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/proto.rs
index 2c45a450bfa..938eeb2f778 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/proto.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/proto.rs
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl From<&ScalarValue> for pb::ScalarValue {
             ScalarValue::Binary(v) => pb::ScalarValue {
                 kind: Some(Kind::BytesValue(v.to_vec())),
             },
-            ScalarValue::List(v) => {
+            ScalarValue::Tuple(v) => {
                 let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(v.len());
                 for elem in v.iter() {
                     values.push(ScalarValue::to_proto(elem.as_ref()));
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ fn bytes_from_proto(bytes: &[u8], dtype: &DType) -> VortexResult<ScalarValue> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Deserialize a [`ScalarValue::List`] from a protobuf `ListValue`.
+/// Deserialize a [`ScalarValue::Tuple`] from a protobuf `ListValue`.
 fn list_from_proto(
     v: &ListValue,
     dtype: &DType,
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ fn list_from_proto(
         )?);
     }
 
-    Ok(ScalarValue::List(values))
+    Ok(ScalarValue::Tuple(values))
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ mod tests {
                 Arc::new(DType::Primitive(PType::I32, Nullability::Nullable)),
                 Nullability::Nullable,
             ),
-            Some(ScalarValue::List(vec![
+            Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(vec![
                 Some(ScalarValue::Primitive(42i32.into())),
                 Some(ScalarValue::Primitive(43i32.into())),
             ])),
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/scalar_value.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/scalar_value.rs
index da32bafa947..2f104ef1688 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/scalar_value.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/scalar_value.rs
@@ -33,8 +33,10 @@ pub enum ScalarValue {
     Utf8(BufferString),
     /// A binary (byte array) value.
     Binary(ByteBuffer),
-    /// A list of potentially null scalar values.
-    List(Vec<Option<ScalarValue>>),
+    /// A tuple of potentially null scalar values.
+    ///
+    /// Used as the underlying representation for list, fixed-size list, and struct scalars.
+    Tuple(Vec<Option<ScalarValue>>),
     /// A row-specific scalar wrapped by `DType::Variant`.
     Variant(Box<Scalar>),
 }
@@ -49,17 +51,17 @@ impl ScalarValue {
             DType::Decimal(dt, ..) => Self::Decimal(DecimalValue::zero(dt)),
             DType::Utf8(_) => Self::Utf8(BufferString::empty()),
             DType::Binary(_) => Self::Binary(ByteBuffer::empty()),
-            DType::List(..) => Self::List(vec![]),
+            DType::List(..) => Self::Tuple(vec![]),
             DType::FixedSizeList(edt, size, _) => {
                 let elements = (0..*size).map(|_| Some(Self::zero_value(edt))).collect();
-                Self::List(elements)
+                Self::Tuple(elements)
             }
             DType::Struct(fields, _) => {
                 let field_values = fields
                     .fields()
                     .map(|f| Some(Self::zero_value(&f)))
                     .collect();
-                Self::List(field_values)
+                Self::Tuple(field_values)
             }
             DType::Extension(ext_dtype) => {
                 // Since we have no way to define a "zero" extension value (since we have no idea
@@ -89,14 +91,14 @@ impl ScalarValue {
             DType::Decimal(dt, ..) => Self::Decimal(DecimalValue::zero(dt)),
             DType::Utf8(_) => Self::Utf8(BufferString::empty()),
             DType::Binary(_) => Self::Binary(ByteBuffer::empty()),
-            DType::List(..) => Self::List(vec![]),
+            DType::List(..) => Self::Tuple(vec![]),
             DType::FixedSizeList(edt, size, _) => {
                 let elements = (0..*size).map(|_| Self::default_value(edt)).collect();
-                Self::List(elements)
+                Self::Tuple(elements)
             }
             DType::Struct(fields, _) => {
                 let field_values = fields.fields().map(|f| Self::default_value(&f)).collect();
-                Self::List(field_values)
+                Self::Tuple(field_values)
             }
             DType::Extension(ext_dtype) => {
                 // Since we have no way to define a "default" extension value (since we have no idea
@@ -117,7 +119,7 @@ impl PartialOrd for ScalarValue {
             (ScalarValue::Decimal(a), ScalarValue::Decimal(b)) => a.partial_cmp(b),
             (ScalarValue::Utf8(a), ScalarValue::Utf8(b)) => a.partial_cmp(b),
             (ScalarValue::Binary(a), ScalarValue::Binary(b)) => a.partial_cmp(b),
-            (ScalarValue::List(a), ScalarValue::List(b)) => a.partial_cmp(b),
+            (ScalarValue::Tuple(a), ScalarValue::Tuple(b)) => a.partial_cmp(b),
             (ScalarValue::Variant(a), ScalarValue::Variant(b)) => a.partial_cmp(b),
             // (ScalarValue::Extension(a), ScalarValue::Extension(b)) => a.partial_cmp(b),
             _ => None,
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@ impl Display for ScalarValue {
                     write!(f, "{}", to_hex(b))
                 }
             }
-            ScalarValue::List(elements) => {
+            ScalarValue::Tuple(elements) => {
                 write!(f, "[")?;
                 for (i, element) in elements.iter().enumerate() {
                     if i > 0 {
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/tests/casting.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/tests/casting.rs
index b73d4c83818..ae63232330b 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/tests/casting.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/tests/casting.rs
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ mod tests {
             Some(ScalarValue::Primitive(PValue::F32(f32_value))),
         ];
 
-        let scalar = Scalar::new(struct_dtype, Some(ScalarValue::List(field_values)));
+        let scalar = Scalar::new(struct_dtype, Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(field_values)));
 
         let struct_scalar = scalar.as_struct();
         let fields: Vec<_> = (0..3)
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ mod tests {
             ))),
         ];
 
-        let scalar = Scalar::new(list_dtype, Some(ScalarValue::List(elements)));
+        let scalar = Scalar::new(list_dtype, Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(elements)));
 
         let list_scalar = scalar.as_list();
         let elements = list_scalar.elements().unwrap();
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let scalar = Scalar::new(
             DType::Extension(ext_dtype.erased()),
-            Some(ScalarValue::List(field_values)),
+            Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(field_values)),
         );
 
         // Verify the struct field was coerced
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/tests/nested.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/tests/nested.rs
index 0aadd4ce2c9..d02bf43c631 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/tests/nested.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/tests/nested.rs
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ mod tests {
                 Arc::from(DType::Primitive(PType::U16, Nullability::Nullable)),
                 Nullability::Nullable,
             ),
-            Some(ScalarValue::List(vec![
+            Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(vec![
                 Some(ScalarValue::Primitive(PValue::U16(6))),
                 Some(ScalarValue::Primitive(PValue::U16(100))),
             ])),
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ mod tests {
                 Arc::from(DType::Primitive(PType::U16, Nullability::Nullable)),
                 Nullability::Nullable,
             ),
-            Some(ScalarValue::List(vec![
+            Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(vec![
                 Some(ScalarValue::Primitive(PValue::U16(100))),
                 Some(ScalarValue::Primitive(PValue::U16(256))), // Too large for U8
                 Some(ScalarValue::Primitive(PValue::U16(1000))), // Too large for U8
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/tests/nullability.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/tests/nullability.rs
index 4d2bff418a5..d862d08d837 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/tests/nullability.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/tests/nullability.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ mod tests {
                 Arc::from(DType::Primitive(PType::U16, Nullability::Nullable)),
                 Nullability::Nullable,
             ),
-            Some(ScalarValue::List(vec![Some(ScalarValue::Primitive(
+            Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(vec![Some(ScalarValue::Primitive(
                 PValue::U16(6),
             ))])),
         );
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ mod tests {
                 Arc::from(DType::Primitive(PType::U16, Nullability::Nullable)),
                 Nullability::Nullable,
             ),
-            Some(ScalarValue::List(vec![
+            Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(vec![
                 Some(ScalarValue::Primitive(PValue::U16(6))),
                 None,
                 Some(ScalarValue::Primitive(PValue::U16(10))),
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ mod tests {
                 Arc::from(DType::Primitive(PType::U16, Nullability::Nullable)),
                 Nullability::Nullable,
             ),
-            Some(ScalarValue::List(vec![
+            Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(vec![
                 Some(ScalarValue::Primitive(PValue::U16(6))),
                 None,
             ])),
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/binary.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/binary.rs
index 9235d4e17ef..cb107e3613c 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/binary.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/binary.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use crate::scalar::ScalarValue;
 ///
 /// This type provides a view into a binary scalar value, which can be either
 /// a valid byte buffer or null.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
 pub struct BinaryScalar<'a> {
     /// The data type of this scalar.
     dtype: &'a DType,
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/bool.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/bool.rs
index 10f8cd47d9f..c971d1169c6 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/bool.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/bool.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use crate::scalar::ScalarValue;
 ///
 /// This type provides a view into a boolean scalar value, which can be either
 /// true, false, or null.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, Eq)]
 pub struct BoolScalar<'a> {
     /// The data type of this scalar.
     dtype: &'a DType,
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/extension/mod.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/extension/mod.rs
index dfbc25f936d..3508883fc92 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/extension/mod.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/extension/mod.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use crate::scalar::ScalarValue;
 /// A scalar value representing an extension type.
 ///
 /// Extension types allow wrapping a storage type with custom semantics.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct ExtScalar<'a> {
     /// A reference to the `DType` of the extension type. This **must** be the [`DType::Extension`]
     /// variant.
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/list.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/list.rs
index 3a158dd59ca..15de731089a 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/list.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/list.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ use crate::scalar::ScalarValue;
 /// number of `elements` is equal to the `size` field of the [`FixedSizeList`].
 ///
 /// [`FixedSizeList`]: DType::FixedSizeList
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct ListScalar<'a> {
     /// The data type of this scalar.
     dtype: &'a DType,
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ impl<'a> ListScalar<'a> {
 
         Scalar::try_new(
             dtype.clone(),
-            Some(ScalarValue::List(
+            Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(
                 self.elements
                     .ok_or_else(|| vortex_err!("nullness should be handled in Scalar::cast"))?
                     .iter()
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/struct_.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/struct_.rs
index 93b796f055f..d8069bab77c 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/struct_.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/struct_.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use crate::scalar::ScalarValue;
 ///
 /// This type provides a view into a struct scalar value, which can contain
 /// named fields with different types, or be null.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct StructScalar<'a> {
     /// The data type of this scalar.
     dtype: &'a DType,
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ impl<'a> StructScalar<'a> {
                     .map(|s| s.into_value())
                 })
                 .collect::<VortexResult<Vec<_>>>()?;
-            Scalar::try_new(dtype.clone(), Some(ScalarValue::List(fields)))
+            Scalar::try_new(dtype.clone(), Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(fields)))
         } else {
             Ok(Scalar::null(dtype.clone()))
         }
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ impl<'a> StructScalar<'a> {
             return Ok(Scalar::null(projected_dtype));
         };
 
-        let new_fields = ScalarValue::List(
+        let new_fields = ScalarValue::Tuple(
             projection
                 .iter()
                 .map(|name| {
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ impl Scalar {
         }
 
         let value_children: Vec<_> = children.into_iter().map(|x| x.into_value()).collect();
-        Self::try_new(dtype, Some(ScalarValue::List(value_children)))
+        Self::try_new(dtype, Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(value_children)))
             .vortex_expect("unable to construct a struct `Scalar`")
     }
 
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ impl Scalar {
         children: impl IntoIterator<Item = Scalar>,
     ) -> Self {
         let value_children: Vec<_> = children.into_iter().map(|s| s.into_value()).collect();
-        unsafe { Self::new_unchecked(dtype, Some(ScalarValue::List(value_children))) }
+        unsafe { Self::new_unchecked(dtype, Some(ScalarValue::Tuple(value_children))) }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/utf8.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/utf8.rs
index acf0ab9f407..5a9ad84064b 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/utf8.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/typed_view/utf8.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use crate::scalar::ScalarValue;
 ///
 /// This type provides a view into a UTF-8 string scalar value, which can be either
 /// a valid UTF-8 string or null.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, Eq)]
 pub struct Utf8Scalar<'a> {
     /// The data type of this scalar.
     dtype: &'a DType,
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar/validate.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar/validate.rs
index 2696dc1f804..4df38187a9a 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar/validate.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar/validate.rs
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ impl Scalar {
                 );
             }
             DType::List(elem_dtype, _) => {
-                let ScalarValue::List(elements) = value else {
-                    vortex_bail!("list dtype expected List value, got {value}");
+                let ScalarValue::Tuple(elements) = value else {
+                    vortex_bail!("list dtype expected Tuple value, got {value}");
                 };
 
                 for (i, element) in elements.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ impl Scalar {
                 }
             }
             DType::FixedSizeList(elem_dtype, size, _) => {
-                let ScalarValue::List(elements) = value else {
-                    vortex_bail!("fixed-size list dtype expected List value, got {value}",);
+                let ScalarValue::Tuple(elements) = value else {
+                    vortex_bail!("fixed-size list dtype expected Tuple value, got {value}",);
                 };
 
                 let len = elements.len();
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ impl Scalar {
                 }
             }
             DType::Struct(fields, _) => {
-                let ScalarValue::List(values) = value else {
-                    vortex_bail!("struct dtype expected List value, got {value}");
+                let ScalarValue::Tuple(values) = value else {
+                    vortex_bail!("struct dtype expected Tuple value, got {value}");
                 };
 
                 let nfields = fields.nfields();
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/fns/is_not_null.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/fns/is_not_null.rs
index f5449a20cad..26e474cc447 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/fns/is_not_null.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/fns/is_not_null.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 use std::fmt::Formatter;
 
+use vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount;
 use vortex_error::VortexResult;
 use vortex_session::VortexSession;
 
@@ -14,10 +15,7 @@ use crate::dtype::DType;
 use crate::dtype::Nullability;
 use crate::expr::Expression;
 use crate::expr::StatsCatalog;
-use crate::expr::and;
 use crate::expr::eq;
-use crate::expr::gt;
-use crate::expr::lit;
 use crate::expr::stats::Stat;
 use crate::scalar_fn::Arity;
 use crate::scalar_fn::ChildName;
@@ -25,6 +23,7 @@ use crate::scalar_fn::EmptyOptions;
 use crate::scalar_fn::ExecutionArgs;
 use crate::scalar_fn::ScalarFnId;
 use crate::scalar_fn::ScalarFnVTable;
+use crate::scalar_fn::ScalarFnVTableExt;
 use crate::validity::Validity;
 
 /// Expression that checks for non-null values.
@@ -106,20 +105,10 @@ impl ScalarFnVTable for IsNotNull {
         expr: &Expression,
         catalog: &dyn StatsCatalog,
     ) -> Option<Expression> {
-        // is_not_null is falsified when ALL values are null, i.e. null_count == len.
-        // Since there is no len stat in the zone map, we approximate using IsConstant:
-        // if the zone is constant and has any nulls, then all values must be null.
-        //
-        // TODO(#7187): Add a len stat to enable the more general falsification:
-        //   null_count == len => is_not_null is all false.
-        let null_count_expr = expr.child(0).stat_expression(Stat::NullCount, catalog)?;
-        let is_constant_expr = expr.child(0).stat_expression(Stat::IsConstant, catalog)?;
-        // If the zone is constant (is_constant == true) and has nulls (null_count > 0),
-        // then all values must be null, so is_not_null is all false.
-        Some(and(
-            eq(is_constant_expr, lit(true)),
-            gt(null_count_expr, lit(0u64)),
-        ))
+        // is_not_null is falsified when ALL values are null, i.e. null_count == row_count.
+        let child = expr.child(0);
+        let null_count_expr = child.stat_expression(Stat::NullCount, catalog)?;
+        Some(eq(null_count_expr, RowCount.new_expr(EmptyOptions, [])))
     }
 }
 
@@ -127,6 +116,8 @@ impl ScalarFnVTable for IsNotNull {
 mod tests {
     use vortex_buffer::buffer;
     use vortex_error::VortexExpect as _;
+    use vortex_utils::aliases::hash_map::HashMap;
+    use vortex_utils::aliases::hash_set::HashSet;
 
     use crate::IntoArray;
     use crate::LEGACY_SESSION;
@@ -134,12 +125,22 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::arrays::PrimitiveArray;
     use crate::arrays::StructArray;
     use crate::dtype::DType;
+    use crate::dtype::Field;
+    use crate::dtype::FieldPath;
+    use crate::dtype::FieldPathSet;
     use crate::dtype::Nullability;
+    use crate::expr::col;
+    use crate::expr::eq;
     use crate::expr::get_item;
     use crate::expr::is_not_null;
+    use crate::expr::pruning::checked_pruning_expr;
     use crate::expr::root;
+    use crate::expr::stats::Stat;
     use crate::expr::test_harness;
     use crate::scalar::Scalar;
+    use crate::scalar_fn::EmptyOptions;
+    use crate::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount;
+    use crate::scalar_fn::vtable::ScalarFnVTableExt;
 
     #[test]
     fn dtype() {
@@ -255,50 +256,29 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_is_not_null_sensitive() {
-        use crate::expr::col;
         assert!(is_not_null(col("a")).signature().is_null_sensitive());
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_is_not_null_falsification() {
-        use vortex_utils::aliases::hash_map::HashMap;
-        use vortex_utils::aliases::hash_set::HashSet;
-
-        use crate::dtype::Field;
-        use crate::dtype::FieldPath;
-        use crate::dtype::FieldPathSet;
-        use crate::expr::and;
-        use crate::expr::col;
-        use crate::expr::eq;
-        use crate::expr::gt;
-        use crate::expr::lit;
-        use crate::expr::pruning::checked_pruning_expr;
-        use crate::expr::stats::Stat;
-
         let expr = is_not_null(col("a"));
 
         let (pruning_expr, st) = checked_pruning_expr(
             &expr,
-            &FieldPathSet::from_iter([
-                FieldPath::from_iter([Field::Name("a".into()), Field::Name("null_count".into())]),
-                FieldPath::from_iter([Field::Name("a".into()), Field::Name("is_constant".into())]),
-            ]),
+            &FieldPathSet::from_iter([FieldPath::from_iter([
+                Field::Name("a".into()),
+                Field::Name("null_count".into()),
+            ])]),
         )
         .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(
             &pruning_expr,
-            &and(
-                eq(col("a_is_constant"), lit(true)),
-                gt(col("a_null_count"), lit(0u64)),
-            )
+            &eq(col("a_null_count"), RowCount.new_expr(EmptyOptions, []))
         );
         assert_eq!(
             st.map(),
-            &HashMap::from_iter([(
-                FieldPath::from_name("a"),
-                HashSet::from([Stat::NullCount, Stat::IsConstant])
-            )])
+            &HashMap::from_iter([(FieldPath::from_name("a"), HashSet::from([Stat::NullCount]))])
         );
     }
 }
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/fns/mask/mod.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/fns/mask/mod.rs
index cce76412fa6..7e45d2e40ee 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/fns/mask/mod.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/fns/mask/mod.rs
@@ -14,12 +14,11 @@ use crate::ArrayRef;
 use crate::Canonical;
 use crate::ExecutionCtx;
 use crate::IntoArray;
-use crate::arrays::BoolArray;
 use crate::arrays::Constant;
 use crate::arrays::ConstantArray;
-use crate::arrays::bool::BoolArrayExt;
 use crate::arrays::masked::mask_validity_canonical;
 use crate::builtins::ArrayBuiltins;
+use crate::child_to_validity;
 use crate::dtype::DType;
 use crate::dtype::Nullability;
 use crate::expr::Expression;
@@ -182,11 +181,9 @@ fn execute_canonical(
     mask_array: ArrayRef,
     ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
 ) -> VortexResult<ArrayRef> {
-    let mask_bool = mask_array.execute::<BoolArray>(ctx)?;
-    let validity_mask = vortex_mask::Mask::from(mask_bool.to_bit_buffer());
-
+    let validity = child_to_validity(&Some(mask_array), Nullability::Nullable);
     let canonical = input.execute::<Canonical>(ctx)?;
-    Ok(mask_validity_canonical(canonical, &validity_mask, ctx)?.into_array())
+    Ok(mask_validity_canonical(canonical, validity, ctx)?.into_array())
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/internal/mod.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/internal/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c91a7541c8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/internal/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
+
+pub mod row_count;
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/internal/row_count.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/internal/row_count.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f411626321d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/internal/row_count.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
+
+use std::fmt::Formatter;
+
+use vortex_array::ArrayRef;
+use vortex_array::ExecutionCtx;
+use vortex_array::arrays::ScalarFn;
+use vortex_array::arrays::scalar_fn::ExactScalarFn;
+use vortex_array::arrays::scalar_fn::ScalarFnArrayExt;
+use vortex_array::dtype::DType;
+use vortex_array::dtype::Nullability;
+use vortex_array::dtype::PType;
+use vortex_array::expr::Expression;
+use vortex_array::scalar_fn::Arity;
+use vortex_array::scalar_fn::ChildName;
+use vortex_array::scalar_fn::EmptyOptions;
+use vortex_array::scalar_fn::ExecutionArgs;
+use vortex_array::scalar_fn::ScalarFnId;
+use vortex_array::scalar_fn::ScalarFnVTable;
+use vortex_error::VortexResult;
+use vortex_error::vortex_bail;
+use vortex_error::vortex_ensure;
+
+/// Zero-argument placeholder for the row count of the current evaluation scope.
+///
+/// This expression *MUST* be replaced with a concrete array before evaluation.
+/// Currently, the rewrite only happens in the context of stats pruning.
+///
+/// `RowCount` is emitted while building pruning predicates that need a
+/// scope-level value which is not stored as a regular stats column, such as the
+/// row count of the current file or zone. The layer that owns that scope must
+/// replace each placeholder with a concrete array via [`substitute_row_count`]
+/// before evaluation.
+///
+/// Calling [`ScalarFnVTable::execute`] directly returns an error because this
+/// node is only a marker in a lazy expression tree.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct RowCount;
+
+impl ScalarFnVTable for RowCount {
+    type Options = EmptyOptions;
+
+    fn id(&self) -> ScalarFnId {
+        ScalarFnId::from("vortex.row_count")
+    }
+
+    fn arity(&self, _options: &Self::Options) -> Arity {
+        Arity::Exact(0)
+    }
+
+    fn child_name(&self, _options: &Self::Options, _child_idx: usize) -> ChildName {
+        unreachable!("RowCount has arity 0")
+    }
+
+    fn fmt_sql(
+        &self,
+        _options: &Self::Options,
+        _expr: &Expression,
+        f: &mut Formatter<'_>,
+    ) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "row_count()")
+    }
+
+    fn return_dtype(&self, _options: &Self::Options, _args: &[DType]) -> VortexResult<DType> {
+        Ok(DType::Primitive(PType::U64, Nullability::NonNullable))
+    }
+
+    fn execute(
+        &self,
+        _options: &Self::Options,
+        _args: &dyn ExecutionArgs,
+        _ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
+    ) -> VortexResult<ArrayRef> {
+        vortex_bail!("RowCount must be substituted before evaluation")
+    }
+
+    fn is_null_sensitive(&self, _options: &Self::Options) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn is_fallible(&self, _options: &Self::Options) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns whether `array` contains a [`RowCount`] placeholder.
+///
+/// Traversal is limited to lazy [`ScalarFnArray`] nodes produced by
+/// [`ArrayRef::apply`][crate::ArrayRef::apply]. Other arrays are evaluation
+/// leaves and cannot contain unevaluated placeholders.
+///
+/// [`ScalarFnArray`]: vortex_array::arrays::ScalarFnArray
+pub fn contains_row_count(array: &ArrayRef) -> bool {
+    if array.is::<ExactScalarFn<RowCount>>() {
+        return true;
+    }
+    match array.as_opt::<ScalarFn>() {
+        Some(view) => view.iter_children().any(contains_row_count),
+        None => false,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Replaces every [`RowCount`] placeholder with `replacement`.
+///
+/// The replacement must have the same dtype and length as each placeholder.
+/// Lazy [`ScalarFnArray`] ancestors are rewritten through slot take/put so
+/// unaffected children are preserved, while non-[`ScalarFn`] arrays are returned
+/// unchanged.
+///
+/// [`ScalarFnArray`]: vortex_array::arrays::ScalarFnArray
+pub fn substitute_row_count(array: ArrayRef, replacement: &ArrayRef) -> VortexResult<ArrayRef> {
+    if array.is::<ExactScalarFn<RowCount>>() {
+        vortex_ensure!(
+            replacement.len() == array.len(),
+            "RowCount replacement length {} does not match scope length {}",
+            replacement.len(),
+            array.len(),
+        );
+        vortex_ensure!(
+            replacement.dtype() == array.dtype(),
+            "RowCount replacement dtype {} does not match scope dtype {}",
+            replacement.dtype(),
+            array.dtype(),
+        );
+        return Ok(replacement.clone());
+    }
+
+    if !array.is::<ScalarFn>() {
+        return Ok(array);
+    }
+
+    let nchildren = array.nchildren();
+    let mut array = array;
+    for slot_idx in 0..nchildren {
+        // SAFETY: `substitute_row_count` always returns an array with the same dtype and
+        // length as its input — `RowCount` placeholders are replaced with a checked
+        // replacement (same dtype and length), and `ScalarFn` recursion preserves both by
+        // operating on each slot in place.
+        let (taken, child) = unsafe { array.take_slot_unchecked(slot_idx)? };
+        let new_child = substitute_row_count(child, replacement)?;
+        array = unsafe { taken.put_slot_unchecked(slot_idx, new_child)? };
+    }
+    Ok(array)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use vortex_array::dtype::DType;
+    use vortex_array::dtype::Nullability;
+    use vortex_array::dtype::PType;
+
+    use crate::scalar_fn::EmptyOptions;
+    use crate::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::RowCount;
+    use crate::scalar_fn::vtable::ScalarFnVTableExt;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn row_count_helper_dtype() {
+        let expr = RowCount.new_expr(EmptyOptions, []);
+        assert_eq!(
+            expr.return_dtype(&DType::Primitive(PType::I32, Nullability::Nullable))
+                .unwrap(),
+            DType::Primitive(PType::U64, Nullability::NonNullable),
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/mod.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/mod.rs
index 6f8ba1b6544..590ccb44224 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/mod.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/mod.rs
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ mod signature;
 pub use signature::*;
 
 pub mod fns;
+pub mod internal;
 pub mod session;
 
 /// A unique identifier for a scalar function.
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/session.rs b/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/session.rs
index 3c78f56928d..32783e9df89 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/session.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/scalar_fn/session.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
 
+use std::any::Any;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use vortex_session::Ref;
 use vortex_session::SessionExt;
+use vortex_session::SessionVar;
 use vortex_session::registry::Registry;
 
 use crate::scalar_fn::ScalarFnPluginRef;
@@ -74,6 +76,16 @@ impl Default for ScalarFnSession {
     }
 }
 
+impl SessionVar for ScalarFnSession {
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
 /// Extension trait for accessing scalar function session data.
 pub trait ScalarFnSessionExt: SessionExt {
     /// Returns the scalar function vtable registry.
diff --git a/vortex-array/src/session/mod.rs b/vortex-array/src/session/mod.rs
index 4b30257d981..98a7417722b 100644
--- a/vortex-array/src/session/mod.rs
+++ b/vortex-array/src/session/mod.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
 
+use std::any::Any;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use vortex_error::VortexResult;
 use vortex_error::vortex_bail;
 use vortex_session::Ref;
 use vortex_session::SessionExt;
+use vortex_session::SessionVar;
 use vortex_session::registry::Registry;
 
 use crate::ArrayRef;
@@ -85,6 +87,16 @@ impl Default for ArraySession {
     }
 }
 
+impl SessionVar for ArraySession {
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
 /// Session data for Vortex arrays.
 pub trait ArraySessionExt: SessionExt {
     /// Returns the array encoding registry.
diff --git a/vortex-bench/src/clickbench/benchmark.rs b/vortex-bench/src/clickbench/benchmark.rs
index 9cfafb8832e..a68ce0b54e8 100644
--- a/vortex-bench/src/clickbench/benchmark.rs
+++ b/vortex-bench/src/clickbench/benchmark.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ impl ClickBenchBenchmark {
         queries_file: Option<String>,
         use_remote_data_dir: Option<String>,
     ) -> Result<Self> {
-        let url = Self::create_data_url(&use_remote_data_dir, flavor)?;
+        let url = Self::create_data_url(use_remote_data_dir.as_deref(), flavor)?;
         Ok(Self {
             flavor,
             queries_file,
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ impl ClickBenchBenchmark {
         })
     }
 
-    fn create_data_url(remote_data_dir: &Option<String>, flavor: Flavor) -> Result<Url> {
-        resolve_data_url(remote_data_dir.as_deref(), &format!("clickbench_{flavor}"))
+    fn create_data_url(remote_data_dir: Option<&str>, flavor: Flavor) -> Result<Url> {
+        resolve_data_url(remote_data_dir, &format!("clickbench_{flavor}"))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/vortex-bench/src/fineweb/mod.rs b/vortex-bench/src/fineweb/mod.rs
index 5acb57f64e9..93151cc6fca 100644
--- a/vortex-bench/src/fineweb/mod.rs
+++ b/vortex-bench/src/fineweb/mod.rs
@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@ impl FinewebBenchmark {
     }
 
     pub fn with_remote_data_dir(use_remote_data_dir: Option<String>) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
-        let data_url = Self::create_data_url(&use_remote_data_dir)?;
+        let data_url = Self::create_data_url(use_remote_data_dir.as_deref())?;
         Ok(Self { data_url })
     }
 
-    fn create_data_url(remote_data_dir: &Option<String>) -> anyhow::Result<Url> {
-        resolve_data_url(remote_data_dir.as_deref(), "fineweb")
+    fn create_data_url(remote_data_dir: Option<&str>) -> anyhow::Result<Url> {
+        resolve_data_url(remote_data_dir, "fineweb")
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/vortex-bench/src/realnest/gharchive.rs b/vortex-bench/src/realnest/gharchive.rs
index 86b981a9fbe..3ec6a67f340 100644
--- a/vortex-bench/src/realnest/gharchive.rs
+++ b/vortex-bench/src/realnest/gharchive.rs
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ impl GithubArchiveBenchmark {
     }
 
     pub fn with_remote_data_dir(use_remote_data_dir: Option<String>) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
-        let data_url = Self::create_data_url(&use_remote_data_dir)?;
+        let data_url = Self::create_data_url(use_remote_data_dir.as_deref())?;
         Ok(Self { data_url })
     }
 
-    fn create_data_url(remote_data_dir: &Option<String>) -> anyhow::Result<Url> {
-        resolve_data_url(remote_data_dir.as_deref(), "gharchive")
+    fn create_data_url(remote_data_dir: Option<&str>) -> anyhow::Result<Url> {
+        resolve_data_url(remote_data_dir, "gharchive")
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/vortex-bench/src/tpcds/tpcds_benchmark.rs b/vortex-bench/src/tpcds/tpcds_benchmark.rs
index d44b3645c57..7f8f2d5281e 100644
--- a/vortex-bench/src/tpcds/tpcds_benchmark.rs
+++ b/vortex-bench/src/tpcds/tpcds_benchmark.rs
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ impl TpcDsBenchmark {
     pub fn new(scale_factor: String, use_remote_data_dir: Option<String>) -> Result<Self> {
         Ok(Self {
             scale_factor: scale_factor.clone(),
-            data_url: Self::create_data_url(&use_remote_data_dir, &scale_factor)?,
+            data_url: Self::create_data_url(use_remote_data_dir.as_deref(), &scale_factor)?,
         })
     }
 
-    fn create_data_url(remote_data_dir: &Option<String>, scale_factor: &str) -> Result<Url> {
+    fn create_data_url(remote_data_dir: Option<&str>, scale_factor: &str) -> Result<Url> {
         match remote_data_dir {
             None => {
                 let data_dir = "tpcds".to_data_path();
diff --git a/vortex-bench/src/tpch/benchmark.rs b/vortex-bench/src/tpch/benchmark.rs
index c9d85f2be9b..6851e5f5f06 100644
--- a/vortex-bench/src/tpch/benchmark.rs
+++ b/vortex-bench/src/tpch/benchmark.rs
@@ -37,14 +37,11 @@ impl TpcHBenchmark {
     pub fn new(scale_factor: String, use_remote_data_dir: Option<String>) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
         Ok(Self {
             scale_factor: scale_factor.clone(),
-            data_url: Self::create_data_url(&use_remote_data_dir, &scale_factor)?,
+            data_url: Self::create_data_url(use_remote_data_dir.as_deref(), &scale_factor)?,
         })
     }
 
-    fn create_data_url(
-        remote_data_dir: &Option<String>,
-        scale_factor: &str,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<Url> {
+    fn create_data_url(remote_data_dir: Option<&str>, scale_factor: &str) -> anyhow::Result<Url> {
         match remote_data_dir {
             None => {
                 let data_dir = "tpch".to_data_path();
diff --git a/vortex-compressor/src/compressor.rs b/vortex-compressor/src/compressor.rs
index b99d31c6d73..d3ad0d9d5c3 100644
--- a/vortex-compressor/src/compressor.rs
+++ b/vortex-compressor/src/compressor.rs
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ impl CascadingCompressor {
                     CompressionEstimate::Verdict(EstimateVerdict::Ratio(ratio)) => {
                         let score = EstimateScore::FiniteCompression(ratio);
 
-                        if is_better_score(score, &best) {
+                        if is_better_score(score, best.as_ref()) {
                             best = Some((scheme, score));
                         }
                     }
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ impl CascadingCompressor {
                         exec_ctx,
                     )?;
 
-                    if is_better_score(score, &best) {
+                    if is_better_score(score, best.as_ref()) {
                         best = Some((scheme, score));
                     }
                 }
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ impl CascadingCompressor {
                         EstimateVerdict::Ratio(ratio) => {
                             let score = EstimateScore::FiniteCompression(ratio);
 
-                            if is_better_score(score, &best) {
+                            if is_better_score(score, best.as_ref()) {
                                 best = Some((scheme, score));
                             }
                         }
diff --git a/vortex-compressor/src/estimate.rs b/vortex-compressor/src/estimate.rs
index 065937ffac9..70dd75d13b0 100644
--- a/vortex-compressor/src/estimate.rs
+++ b/vortex-compressor/src/estimate.rs
@@ -182,9 +182,9 @@ impl WinnerEstimate {
 /// Returns `true` if `score` beats the current best estimate.
 pub(super) fn is_better_score(
     score: EstimateScore,
-    best: &Option<(&'static dyn Scheme, EstimateScore)>,
+    best: Option<&(&'static dyn Scheme, EstimateScore)>,
 ) -> bool {
-    score.is_valid() && best.is_none_or(|(_, best_score)| score.beats(best_score))
+    score.is_valid() && best.is_none_or(|(_, best_score)| score.beats(*best_score))
 }
 
 /// Estimates compression ratio by compressing a ~1% sample of the data.
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/benches/dict_cuda.rs b/vortex-cuda/benches/dict_cuda.rs
index 4f1b72a49e3..a7371f3b3ad 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/benches/dict_cuda.rs
+++ b/vortex-cuda/benches/dict_cuda.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 mod common;
 
+use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::mem::size_of;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ fn make_dict_array_typed<V, C>(len: usize, dict_size: usize) -> DictArray
 where
     V: NativePType + From<u32>,
     C: NativePType + TryFrom<usize>,
-    <C as TryFrom<usize>>::Error: std::fmt::Debug,
+    <C as TryFrom<usize>>::Error: Debug,
 {
     // Dictionary values
     let values: Vec<V> = (0..dict_size)
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ fn benchmark_dict_typed<V, C>(c: &mut Criterion, config: &DictBenchConfig)
 where
     V: NativePType + DeviceRepr + From<u32>,
     C: NativePType + DeviceRepr + TryFrom<usize>,
-    <C as TryFrom<usize>>::Error: std::fmt::Debug,
+    <C as TryFrom<usize>>::Error: Debug,
 {
     let mut group = c.benchmark_group("dict_cuda");
 
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/benches/dynamic_dispatch_cuda.rs b/vortex-cuda/benches/dynamic_dispatch_cuda.rs
index 4a5ea461d02..f4b8a4e392b 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/benches/dynamic_dispatch_cuda.rs
+++ b/vortex-cuda/benches/dynamic_dispatch_cuda.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #![expect(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
 #![expect(clippy::expect_used)]
 
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::mem::size_of;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
@@ -14,19 +15,22 @@ use criterion::Criterion;
 use criterion::Throughput;
 use cudarc::driver::CudaSlice;
 use cudarc::driver::DevicePtr;
+use cudarc::driver::DeviceRepr;
 use cudarc::driver::LaunchConfig;
 use cudarc::driver::PushKernelArg;
 use cudarc::driver::sys::CUevent_flags;
 use futures::executor::block_on;
+use vortex::array::ArrayRef;
 use vortex::array::IntoArray;
 use vortex::array::LEGACY_SESSION;
 use vortex::array::VortexSessionExecute;
 use vortex::array::arrays::DictArray;
 use vortex::array::arrays::PrimitiveArray;
+use vortex::array::buffer;
 use vortex::array::scalar::Scalar;
 use vortex::array::validity::Validity::NonNullable;
 use vortex::buffer::Buffer;
-use vortex::dtype::PType;
+use vortex::dtype::NativePType;
 use vortex::encodings::alp::ALP;
 use vortex::encodings::alp::ALPArrayExt;
 use vortex::encodings::alp::ALPArraySlotsExt;
@@ -43,6 +47,7 @@ use vortex::error::VortexResult;
 use vortex::error::vortex_err;
 use vortex::session::VortexSession;
 use vortex_cuda::CudaDeviceBuffer;
+use vortex_cuda::CudaDispatchMode;
 use vortex_cuda::CudaExecutionCtx;
 use vortex_cuda::CudaSession;
 use vortex_cuda::dynamic_dispatch::CudaDispatchPlan;
@@ -58,16 +63,16 @@ const BENCH_ARGS: &[(usize, &str)] = &[(10_000_000, "10M"), (100_000_000, "100M"
 /// This deliberately does not use `CudaDispatchPlan::execute` because the
 /// benchmark pre-allocates the output buffer and device plan once, then reuses
 /// them across iterations.
-fn run_timed(
+fn run_timed<T: DeviceRepr + NativePType>(
     cuda_ctx: &mut CudaExecutionCtx,
     array_len: usize,
     output_buf: &CudaDeviceBuffer,
     device_plan: &Arc<CudaSlice<u8>>,
     shared_mem_bytes: u32,
 ) -> VortexResult<Duration> {
-    let cuda_function = cuda_ctx.load_function("dynamic_dispatch", &[PType::U32])?;
+    let cuda_function = cuda_ctx.load_function("dynamic_dispatch", &[T::PTYPE])?;
     let array_len_u64 = array_len as u64;
-    let output_view = output_buf.as_view::<u32>();
+    let output_view = output_buf.as_view::<T>();
     let (output_ptr, record_output) = output_view.device_ptr(cuda_ctx.stream());
     let (plan_ptr, record_plan) = device_plan.device_ptr(cuda_ctx.stream());
 
@@ -114,18 +119,24 @@ fn run_timed(
 }
 
 /// Benchmark runner: builds a dynamic plan and launches the kernel.
-struct BenchRunner {
+///
+/// `T` is the unsigned integer type matching the output element width
+/// (e.g. `u32` for f32/i32/u32, `u64` for f64/i64/u64).
+struct BenchRunner<T> {
     _plan: CudaDispatchPlan,
     smem_bytes: u32,
     len: usize,
     device_plan: Arc<CudaSlice<u8>>,
     output_buf: CudaDeviceBuffer,
-    _plan_buffers: Vec<vortex::array::buffer::BufferHandle>,
+    _plan_buffers: Vec<buffer::BufferHandle>,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
 }
 
-impl BenchRunner {
-    fn new(array: &vortex::array::ArrayRef, len: usize, cuda_ctx: &mut CudaExecutionCtx) -> Self {
-        let plan = match DispatchPlan::new(array).vortex_expect("build_dyn_dispatch_plan") {
+impl<T: DeviceRepr + NativePType> BenchRunner<T> {
+    fn new(array: &ArrayRef, len: usize, cuda_ctx: &mut CudaExecutionCtx) -> Self {
+        let plan = match DispatchPlan::new(array, CudaDispatchMode::DynDispatchOnly)
+            .vortex_expect("build_dyn_dispatch_plan")
+        {
             DispatchPlan::Fused(plan) => plan,
             _ => unreachable!("encoding not fusable"),
         };
@@ -150,16 +161,17 @@ impl BenchRunner {
             device_plan,
             output_buf: CudaDeviceBuffer::new(
                 cuda_ctx
-                    .device_alloc::<u32>(len.next_multiple_of(1024))
+                    .device_alloc::<T>(len.next_multiple_of(1024))
                     .expect("alloc output"),
             ),
             _plan_buffers: device_buffers,
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 
     fn run(&self, cuda_ctx: &mut CudaExecutionCtx) -> Duration {
         cuda_ctx.stream().synchronize().unwrap();
-        run_timed(
+        run_timed::<T>(
             cuda_ctx,
             self.len,
             &self.output_buf,
@@ -202,7 +214,7 @@ fn bench_for_bitpacked(c: &mut Criterion) {
                 let mut cuda_ctx =
                     CudaSession::create_execution_ctx(&VortexSession::empty()).vortex_expect("ctx");
 
-                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
+                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::<u32>::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
 
                 b.iter_custom(|iters| {
                     let mut total_time = Duration::ZERO;
@@ -247,7 +259,7 @@ fn bench_dict_bp_codes(c: &mut Criterion) {
                 let mut cuda_ctx =
                     CudaSession::create_execution_ctx(&VortexSession::empty()).vortex_expect("ctx");
 
-                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
+                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::<u32>::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
 
                 b.iter_custom(|iters| {
                     let mut total_time = Duration::ZERO;
@@ -291,7 +303,72 @@ fn bench_runend(c: &mut Criterion) {
                 let mut cuda_ctx =
                     CudaSession::create_execution_ctx(&VortexSession::empty()).vortex_expect("ctx");
 
-                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
+                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::<u32>::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
+
+                b.iter_custom(|iters| {
+                    let mut total_time = Duration::ZERO;
+                    for _ in 0..iters {
+                        total_time += bench_runner.run(&mut cuda_ctx);
+                    }
+                    total_time
+                });
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Benchmark: ALP(FoR(BitPacked)) — f64
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+fn bench_alp_for_bitpacked_f64(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let mut ctx = LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("alp_for_bp_6bw_f64");
+
+    let exponents = Exponents { e: 2, f: 0 };
+    let bit_width: u8 = 6;
+
+    for (len, len_str) in BENCH_ARGS {
+        group.throughput(Throughput::Bytes((len * size_of::<f64>()) as u64));
+
+        // Generate f64 values that ALP-encode without patches.
+        let floats: Vec<f64> = (0..*len)
+            .map(|i| <f64 as ALPFloat>::decode_single(10 + (i as i64 % 64), exponents))
+            .collect();
+        let float_prim = PrimitiveArray::new(Buffer::from(floats), NonNullable);
+
+        // Encode: ALP → FoR → BitPacked
+        let alp =
+            alp_encode(float_prim.as_view(), Some(exponents), &mut ctx).vortex_expect("alp_encode");
+        assert!(alp.patches().is_none());
+        let for_arr = FoRData::encode(
+            alp.encoded()
+                .clone()
+                .execute::<PrimitiveArray>(&mut ctx)
+                .vortex_expect("to primitive"),
+        )
+        .vortex_expect("for encode");
+        let bp = BitPackedData::encode(for_arr.encoded(), bit_width, &mut ctx)
+            .vortex_expect("bitpack encode");
+
+        let tree = ALP::new(
+            FoR::try_new(bp.into_array(), for_arr.reference_scalar().clone())
+                .vortex_expect("for_new")
+                .into_array(),
+            exponents,
+            None,
+        );
+        let array = tree.into_array();
+
+        group.bench_with_input(
+            BenchmarkId::new("dynamic_dispatch_f64", len_str),
+            len,
+            |b, &n| {
+                let mut cuda_ctx =
+                    CudaSession::create_execution_ctx(&VortexSession::empty()).vortex_expect("ctx");
+
+                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::<u64>::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
 
                 b.iter_custom(|iters| {
                     let mut total_time = Duration::ZERO;
@@ -345,7 +422,7 @@ fn bench_dict_bp_codes_bp_for_values(c: &mut Criterion) {
                 let mut cuda_ctx =
                     CudaSession::create_execution_ctx(&VortexSession::empty()).vortex_expect("ctx");
 
-                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
+                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::<u32>::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
 
                 b.iter_custom(|iters| {
                     let mut total_time = Duration::ZERO;
@@ -410,7 +487,7 @@ fn bench_alp_for_bitpacked(c: &mut Criterion) {
                 let mut cuda_ctx =
                     CudaSession::create_execution_ctx(&VortexSession::empty()).vortex_expect("ctx");
 
-                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
+                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::<u32>::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
 
                 b.iter_custom(|iters| {
                     let mut total_time = Duration::ZERO;
@@ -457,7 +534,7 @@ fn bench_dict_bp_u8_codes_u32_values(c: &mut Criterion) {
                 let mut cuda_ctx =
                     CudaSession::create_execution_ctx(&VortexSession::empty()).vortex_expect("ctx");
 
-                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
+                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::<u32>::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
 
                 b.iter_custom(|iters| {
                     let mut total_time = Duration::ZERO;
@@ -500,7 +577,7 @@ fn bench_dict_bp_u16_codes_u32_values(c: &mut Criterion) {
                 let mut cuda_ctx =
                     CudaSession::create_execution_ctx(&VortexSession::empty()).vortex_expect("ctx");
 
-                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
+                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::<u32>::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
 
                 b.iter_custom(|iters| {
                     let mut total_time = Duration::ZERO;
@@ -543,7 +620,7 @@ fn bench_dict_bp_u32_codes_u32_values(c: &mut Criterion) {
                 let mut cuda_ctx =
                     CudaSession::create_execution_ctx(&VortexSession::empty()).vortex_expect("ctx");
 
-                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
+                let bench_runner = BenchRunner::<u32>::new(&array, n, &mut cuda_ctx);
 
                 b.iter_custom(|iters| {
                     let mut total_time = Duration::ZERO;
@@ -565,6 +642,7 @@ fn benchmark_dynamic_dispatch(c: &mut Criterion) {
     bench_runend(c);
     bench_dict_bp_codes_bp_for_values(c);
     bench_alp_for_bitpacked(c);
+    bench_alp_for_bitpacked_f64(c);
     bench_dict_bp_u8_codes_u32_values(c);
     bench_dict_bp_u16_codes_u32_values(c);
     bench_dict_bp_u32_codes_u32_values(c);
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/benches/filter_cuda.rs b/vortex-cuda/benches/filter_cuda.rs
index b7647bfd814..3ea9b2433f6 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/benches/filter_cuda.rs
+++ b/vortex-cuda/benches/filter_cuda.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use cudarc::driver::CudaSlice;
 use cudarc::driver::CudaView;
 use cudarc::driver::DevicePtr;
 use cudarc::driver::DevicePtrMut;
+use cudarc::driver::DeviceRepr;
 use cudarc::driver::sys::CUevent_flags;
 use futures::executor::block_on;
 use vortex::error::VortexExpect;
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ fn make_bitmask(len: usize, selectivity: f64) -> (Vec<u8>, usize) {
 
 /// Runs the CUB filter kernel and returns elapsed GPU time.
 #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-async fn run_filter_timed<T: CubFilterable + cudarc::driver::DeviceRepr>(
+async fn run_filter_timed<T: CubFilterable + DeviceRepr>(
     d_input: CudaView<'_, T>,
     d_bitmask: CudaView<'_, u8>,
     d_output: &mut CudaSlice<T>,
@@ -132,14 +133,7 @@ async fn run_filter_timed<T: CubFilterable + cudarc::driver::DeviceRepr>(
 /// Benchmark filter for a specific type.
 fn benchmark_filter_type<T>(c: &mut Criterion, type_name: &str)
 where
-    T: CubFilterable
-        + cudarc::driver::DeviceRepr
-        + From<u8>
-        + Debug
-        + Clone
-        + Send
-        + Sync
-        + 'static,
+    T: CubFilterable + DeviceRepr + From<u8> + Debug + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
     let mut group = c.benchmark_group(format!("filter_cuda_{type_name}"));
 
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/benches/runend_cuda.rs b/vortex-cuda/benches/runend_cuda.rs
index 31c59037b0d..0b963a10698 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/benches/runend_cuda.rs
+++ b/vortex-cuda/benches/runend_cuda.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use criterion::Criterion;
 use criterion::Throughput;
 use cudarc::driver::DeviceRepr;
 use futures::executor::block_on;
+use vortex::array::ExecutionCtx;
 use vortex::array::IntoArray;
 use vortex::array::arrays::PrimitiveArray;
 use vortex::array::validity::Validity;
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ use crate::common::TimedLaunchStrategy;
 fn make_runend_array_typed<T>(
     output_len: usize,
     avg_run_len: usize,
-    ctx: &mut vortex::array::ExecutionCtx,
+    ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
 ) -> RunEndArray
 where
     T: NativePType + From<u8>,
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/kernels/src/dynamic_dispatch.cu b/vortex-cuda/kernels/src/dynamic_dispatch.cu
index b09f34ade81..0f2c4c157b9 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/kernels/src/dynamic_dispatch.cu
+++ b/vortex-cuda/kernels/src/dynamic_dispatch.cu
@@ -140,11 +140,30 @@ scalar_op(T *values, const struct ScalarOp &op, char *__restrict smem, uint64_t
         break;
     }
     case ScalarOp::ALP: {
-        const float f = op.params.alp.f, e = op.params.alp.e;
+        if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 4) {
+            // The plan builder stores f32 F10/IF10 table entries as f64
+            // in AlpParams. The round-trip f32→f64→f32 is exact per the
+            // C++ standard: [conv.fpprom] guarantees the widening is
+            // value-preserving, and [conv.double] guarantees the narrowing
+            // recovers the original value when it is exactly representable
+            // in the destination type (which it is, having originated as f32).
+            const float f = static_cast<float>(op.params.alp.f);
+            const float e = static_cast<float>(op.params.alp.e);
 #pragma unroll
-        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
-            float r = static_cast<float>(static_cast<int32_t>(values[i])) * f * e;
-            values[i] = static_cast<T>(__float_as_uint(r));
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+                float r = static_cast<float>(static_cast<int32_t>(values[i])) * f * e;
+                values[i] = static_cast<T>(__float_as_uint(r));
+            }
+        } else if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 8) {
+            const double f = op.params.alp.f, e = op.params.alp.e;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+                double r = static_cast<double>(static_cast<int64_t>(values[i])) * f * e;
+                // __double_as_longlong reinterprets f64 bits as int64, and
+                // static_cast to T (uint64_t) preserves the bit pattern
+                // under C++20's two's complement guarantee.
+                values[i] = static_cast<T>(__double_as_longlong(r));
+            }
         }
         // Apply ALP patches: override positions whose float value couldn't
         // be reconstructed through the ALP encode/decode cycle.
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/kernels/src/dynamic_dispatch.h b/vortex-cuda/kernels/src/dynamic_dispatch.h
index 2e51240ed4f..c4dbe55c9f3 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/kernels/src/dynamic_dispatch.h
+++ b/vortex-cuda/kernels/src/dynamic_dispatch.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 ///
 /// Each source op and scalar op may produce a different PType than its input.
 /// For example, DICT transforms codes (e.g. u8) into values (e.g. f32), and
-/// ALP transforms encoded integers (i32) into floats (f32).
+/// ALP transforms encoded integers into floats (e.g. i32 → f32, i64 → f64).
 ///
 /// `PTypeTag` is a compact enum that identifies the primitive type at each
 /// point in the pipeline. The kernel uses it to dispatch typed memory
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ struct SourceOp {
 /// Each scalar op declares its `output_ptype` — the PType of the values it
 /// produces. Most ops preserve the input type (FOR, ZIGZAG), but some
 /// change it:
-///   - ALP: encoded int → float (e.g. i32 → f32)
+///   - ALP: encoded int → float (e.g. i32 → f32, i64 → f64)
 ///   - DICT: codes type → values type (e.g. u8 → u32)
 ///
 /// The plan builder uses `output_ptype` to determine the element width
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ union ScalarParams {
     } frame_of_ref;
 
     struct AlpParams {
-        float f;
-        float e;
+        double f;
+        double e;
         uint64_t patches_ptr; // device pointer to GPUPatches struct (0 = none)
     } alp;
 
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/src/arrow/canonical.rs b/vortex-cuda/src/arrow/canonical.rs
index 7b5bfadd5ce..0ccace213c9 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/src/arrow/canonical.rs
+++ b/vortex-cuda/src/arrow/canonical.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
 
+use std::mem;
+use std::ptr;
+
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use futures::future::BoxFuture;
 use vortex::array::ArrayRef;
@@ -164,9 +167,9 @@ fn export_canonical(
                     n_buffers: 2,
                     buffers: private_data.buffer_ptrs.as_mut_ptr(),
                     n_children: 0,
-                    children: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+                    children: ptr::null_mut(),
                     release: Some(release_array),
-                    dictionary: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+                    dictionary: ptr::null_mut(),
                     private_data: Box::into_raw(private_data).cast(),
                 };
 
@@ -244,9 +247,9 @@ fn export_fixed_size(
         n_buffers: 2,
         buffers: private_data.buffer_ptrs.as_mut_ptr(),
         n_children: 0,
-        children: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+        children: ptr::null_mut(),
         release: Some(release_array),
-        dictionary: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+        dictionary: ptr::null_mut(),
         private_data: Box::into_raw(private_data).cast(),
     };
 
@@ -258,12 +261,11 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn release_array(array: *mut ArrowArray) {
     //  code. This is necessary to ensure that the fields inside the CudaPrivateData
     //  get dropped to free native/GPU memory.
     unsafe {
-        let private_data_ptr =
-            std::ptr::replace(&raw mut (*array).private_data, std::ptr::null_mut());
+        let private_data_ptr = ptr::replace(&raw mut (*array).private_data, ptr::null_mut());
 
         if !private_data_ptr.is_null() {
             let mut private_data = Box::from_raw(private_data_ptr.cast::<PrivateData>());
-            let children = std::mem::take(&mut private_data.children);
+            let children = mem::take(&mut private_data.children);
             for child in children {
                 release_array(child);
             }
@@ -277,6 +279,7 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn release_array(array: *mut ArrowArray) {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use rstest::rstest;
+    use vortex::array::ArrayRef;
     use vortex::array::IntoArray;
     use vortex::array::arrays::DecimalArray;
     use vortex::array::arrays::NullArray;
@@ -308,7 +311,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[case::f64(PrimitiveArray::from_iter([1.0f64, 2.0, 3.0]).into_array(), 3)]
     #[crate::test]
     async fn test_export_primitive(
-        #[case] array: vortex::array::ArrayRef,
+        #[case] array: ArrayRef,
         #[case] expected_len: i64,
     ) -> VortexResult<()> {
         let mut ctx = CudaSession::create_execution_ctx(&VortexSession::empty())
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/src/device_buffer.rs b/vortex-cuda/src/device_buffer.rs
index 3257318cde4..e0f6477a9e3 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/src/device_buffer.rs
+++ b/vortex-cuda/src/device_buffer.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
 
+use std::any::Any;
 use std::cmp::min;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::fmt::Formatter;
+use std::hash::Hash;
+use std::hash::Hasher;
 use std::ops::Range;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -11,6 +15,7 @@ use cudarc::driver::CudaView;
 use cudarc::driver::DevicePtr;
 use cudarc::driver::DeviceRepr;
 use cudarc::driver::sys;
+use futures::executor::block_on;
 use futures::future::BoxFuture;
 use vortex::array::buffer::BufferHandle;
 use vortex::array::buffer::DeviceBuffer;
@@ -174,7 +179,7 @@ impl CudaBufferExt for BufferHandle {
 }
 
 impl Debug for CudaDeviceBuffer {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         f.debug_struct("CudaDeviceBuffer")
             .field("allocation", &self.allocation)
             .field("device_ptr", &self.device_ptr)
@@ -184,8 +189,8 @@ impl Debug for CudaDeviceBuffer {
     }
 }
 
-impl std::hash::Hash for CudaDeviceBuffer {
-    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+impl Hash for CudaDeviceBuffer {
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
         self.device_ptr.hash(state);
         self.len.hash(state);
         self.offset.hash(state);
@@ -224,7 +229,7 @@ impl DeviceBuffer for CudaDeviceBuffer {
     ///
     /// Returns an error if the CUDA memory copy operation fails.
     fn copy_to_host_sync(&self, alignment: Alignment) -> VortexResult<ByteBuffer> {
-        futures::executor::block_on(self.copy_to_host(alignment)?)
+        block_on(self.copy_to_host(alignment)?)
     }
 
     /// Copies a device buffer to host memory asynchronously.
@@ -322,7 +327,7 @@ impl DeviceBuffer for CudaDeviceBuffer {
         })
     }
 
-    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any {
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
         self
     }
 
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/src/dynamic_dispatch/mod.rs b/vortex-cuda/src/dynamic_dispatch/mod.rs
index d6b25bc5147..cc52995b484 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/src/dynamic_dispatch/mod.rs
+++ b/vortex-cuda/src/dynamic_dispatch/mod.rs
@@ -388,11 +388,11 @@ impl ScalarOp {
         }
     }
 
-    /// ALP floating-point decode.
-    pub fn alp(f: f32, e: f32) -> Self {
+    /// ALP floating-point decode (f32 or f64).
+    pub fn alp(f: f64, e: f64, output_ptype: PTypeTag) -> Self {
         Self {
             op_code: ScalarOp_ScalarOpCode_ALP,
-            output_ptype: PTypeTag_PTYPE_F32,
+            output_ptype,
             params: ScalarParams {
                 alp: ScalarParams_AlpParams {
                     f,
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ impl MaterializedPlan {
             PType::U8 | PType::I8 => PType::U8,
             PType::U16 | PType::I16 => PType::U16,
             PType::U32 | PType::I32 | PType::F32 => PType::U32,
-            PType::U64 | PType::I64 => PType::U64,
+            PType::U64 | PType::I64 | PType::F64 => PType::U64,
             other => vortex_bail!("dynamic dispatch does not support PType {:?}", other),
         };
         match_each_unsigned_integer_ptype!(unsigned_ptype, |T| {
@@ -538,6 +538,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::CudaDeviceBuffer;
     use crate::CudaExecutionCtx;
     use crate::executor::CudaArrayExt;
+    use crate::executor::CudaDispatchMode;
     use crate::hybrid_dispatch::try_gpu_dispatch;
     use crate::session::CudaSession;
 
@@ -559,7 +560,7 @@ mod tests {
         array: &vortex::array::ArrayRef,
         ctx: &mut CudaExecutionCtx,
     ) -> VortexResult<MaterializedPlan> {
-        match DispatchPlan::new(array)? {
+        match DispatchPlan::new(array, CudaDispatchMode::DynDispatchOnly)? {
             DispatchPlan::Fused(plan) => plan.materialize(ctx).await,
             _ => vortex_bail!("array encoding not fusable"),
         }
@@ -707,7 +708,7 @@ mod tests {
                 &[
                     ScalarOp::frame_of_ref(reference as u64, PTypeTag_PTYPE_U32),
                     ScalarOp::zigzag(PTypeTag_PTYPE_U32),
-                    ScalarOp::alp(alp_f, alp_e),
+                    ScalarOp::alp(alp_f as f64, alp_e as f64, PTypeTag_PTYPE_F32),
                 ],
             )],
             PTypeTag_PTYPE_U32,
@@ -1100,7 +1101,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Mixed-width Dict (u8 codes, u32 values): both are Primitive, so
         // walk_mixed_width_child grabs the codes buffer directly as a LOAD
         // source. No pending subtrees → Fused.
-        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array)?;
+        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array, CudaDispatchMode::Auto)?;
         assert!(
             matches!(plan, DispatchPlan::Fused(..)),
             "expected Fused for mixed-width Dict with primitive codes"
@@ -1132,7 +1133,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Mixed-width Dict (u16 codes, u32 values): both are Primitive, so
         // walk_mixed_width_child grabs the codes buffer directly as a LOAD
         // source. No pending subtrees → Fused.
-        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array)?;
+        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array, CudaDispatchMode::Auto)?;
         assert!(
             matches!(plan, DispatchPlan::Fused(..)),
             "expected Fused for mixed-width Dict with primitive codes"
@@ -1164,7 +1165,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         // Ends (u64) are wider than values (u32), so the kernel would truncate
         // ends via load_element<T>. The plan builder rejects this as Unfused.
-        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array)?;
+        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array, CudaDispatchMode::Auto)?;
         assert!(
             matches!(plan, DispatchPlan::Unfused),
             "expected Unfused for RunEnd with wider ends"
@@ -1746,17 +1747,228 @@ mod tests {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    // has_standalone_kernel classification tests
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    #[crate::test]
+    fn test_has_standalone_kernel_true_cases() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        // BitPacked — leaf encoding, no children.
+        let bp = bitpacked_array_u32(6, 2048);
+        let bp_arr = bp.into_array();
+        assert!(plan_builder::has_standalone_kernel(&bp_arr));
+
+        // Sequence — leaf encoding, no children.
+        use vortex::dtype::Nullability;
+        use vortex::encodings::sequence::Sequence;
+        let seq = Sequence::try_new_typed(0u32, 1u32, Nullability::NonNullable, 2048)?;
+        assert!(plan_builder::has_standalone_kernel(&seq.into_array()));
+
+        // FoR(BitPacked) — FFOR fusion, single launch.
+        let for_bp = FoR::try_new(bp_arr.clone(), 100u32.into())?;
+        assert!(plan_builder::has_standalone_kernel(&for_bp.into_array()));
+
+        // FoR(Slice(BitPacked)) — FFOR + slice fusion, single launch.
+        let sliced_bp = bp_arr.slice(100..1500)?;
+        let for_sliced_bp = FoR::try_new(sliced_bp, 100u32.into())?;
+        assert!(plan_builder::has_standalone_kernel(
+            &for_sliced_bp.into_array()
+        ));
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[crate::test]
+    fn test_has_standalone_kernel_false_cases() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        // ALP(Primitive) — ALP always calls execute_cuda on its encoded child.
+        let encoded =
+            PrimitiveArray::new(Buffer::from((0i32..2048).collect::<Vec<_>>()), NonNullable);
+        let alp = ALP::try_new(encoded.into_array(), Exponents { e: 2, f: 0 }, None)?;
+        assert!(!plan_builder::has_standalone_kernel(&alp.into_array()));
+
+        // FoR(Primitive) — FoR standalone would recurse for non-BP child.
+        let prim = PrimitiveArray::new(Buffer::from(vec![1u32, 2, 3]), NonNullable);
+        let for_prim = FoR::try_new(prim.into_array(), 100u32.into())?;
+        assert!(!plan_builder::has_standalone_kernel(&for_prim.into_array()));
+
+        // Dict and RunEnd always recurse into children.
+        let codes = PrimitiveArray::new(Buffer::from(vec![0u32, 1, 0, 1]), NonNullable);
+        let values = PrimitiveArray::new(Buffer::from(vec![100u32, 200]), NonNullable);
+        let dict = DictArray::try_new(codes.into_array(), values.into_array())?;
+        assert!(!plan_builder::has_standalone_kernel(&dict.into_array()));
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Every encoding `has_standalone_kernel` returns `true` for must have
+    /// a kernel registered in the CUDA session.
+    #[crate::test]
+    fn test_has_standalone_kernel_implies_registered_kernel() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        use vortex::dtype::Nullability;
+        use vortex::encodings::sequence::Sequence;
+
+        let session = CudaSession::create_execution_ctx(&VortexSession::empty())?;
+        let cuda_session = session.cuda_session();
+
+        // Leaf encodings.
+        let bp = bitpacked_array_u32(6, 2048);
+        let bp_arr = bp.into_array();
+        let seq = Sequence::try_new_typed(0u32, 1u32, Nullability::NonNullable, 2048)?;
+        let seq_arr = seq.into_array();
+
+        // FoR fusions.
+        let for_bp = FoR::try_new(bp_arr.clone(), 100u32.into())?;
+        let sliced_bp = bp_arr.slice(100..1500)?;
+        let for_sliced_bp = FoR::try_new(sliced_bp, 100u32.into())?;
+
+        // With patches: some values exceed 2^4-1, creating overflow exceptions.
+        let values: Vec<u32> = (0..2048)
+            .map(|i| if i % 100 == 0 { 1000 } else { (i as u32) % 16 })
+            .collect();
+        let patched_bp = BitPacked::encode(
+            &PrimitiveArray::new(Buffer::from(values), NonNullable).into_array(),
+            4,
+            &mut LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx(),
+        )?;
+        assert!(patched_bp.patches().is_some(), "expected patches");
+        let patched_bp_arr = patched_bp.into_array();
+        let for_patched_bp = FoR::try_new(patched_bp_arr.clone(), 100u32.into())?;
+
+        for array in [
+            &bp_arr,
+            &seq_arr,
+            &for_bp.into_array(),
+            &for_sliced_bp.into_array(),
+            &patched_bp_arr,
+            &for_patched_bp.into_array(),
+        ] {
+            assert!(
+                plan_builder::has_standalone_kernel(array),
+                "expected has_standalone_kernel=true for {:?}",
+                array.encoding_id()
+            );
+            assert!(
+                cuda_session.kernel(&array.encoding_id()).is_some(),
+                "has_standalone_kernel=true but no kernel registered for {:?}",
+                array.encoding_id()
+            );
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     #[crate::test]
-    fn test_f64_rejected() {
-        // F64 arrays should be rejected by the plan builder, not silently accepted.
+    fn test_f64_primitive_fuses() {
+        // Raw F64 primitives are now accepted — the kernel operates on uint64_t
+        // (same bit width), so LOAD correctly preserves the f64 bit pattern.
         let values: Vec<f64> = vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
         let primitive = PrimitiveArray::new(Buffer::from(values), NonNullable);
-        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&primitive.into_array())
-            .expect("DispatchPlan::new should not fail for f64");
+        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&primitive.into_array(), CudaDispatchMode::Auto)
+            .expect("DispatchPlan::new should not fail for f64 primitive");
         assert!(
-            matches!(plan, DispatchPlan::Unfused),
-            "expected F64 to be classified as Unfused"
+            matches!(plan, DispatchPlan::Fused(_)),
+            "expected F64 primitive to be classified as Fused"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[crate::test]
+    async fn test_alp_f64_for_bitpacked() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let mut ctx = LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx();
+        // ALP(FoR(BitPacked)) with f64: same structure as the f32 test.
+        let len = 3000;
+        let exponents = Exponents { e: 2, f: 0 };
+        let floats: Vec<f64> = (0..len)
+            .map(|i| <f64 as ALPFloat>::decode_single(10 + (i as i64 % 64), exponents))
+            .collect();
+        let float_prim = PrimitiveArray::new(Buffer::from(floats), NonNullable);
+
+        let alp = alp_encode(float_prim.as_view(), Some(exponents), &mut ctx)?;
+        assert!(alp.patches().is_none());
+        let for_arr = FoR::encode(alp.encoded().clone().execute::<PrimitiveArray>(&mut ctx)?)?;
+        let bp = BitPacked::encode(
+            for_arr.encoded(),
+            6,
+            &mut LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx(),
+        )?;
+
+        let tree = ALP::new(
+            FoR::try_new(bp.into_array(), for_arr.reference_scalar().clone())?.into_array(),
+            exponents,
+            None,
         );
+        let array = tree.into_array();
+
+        // CPU decode as ground truth.
+        let cpu = array
+            .clone()
+            .execute::<PrimitiveArray>(&mut LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx())?
+            .into_array();
+
+        // GPU decode.
+        let mut cuda_ctx = CudaSession::create_execution_ctx(&VortexSession::empty())?;
+        let canonical = try_gpu_dispatch(&array, &mut cuda_ctx).await?;
+        let gpu = CanonicalCudaExt::into_host(canonical).await?.into_array();
+
+        vortex::array::assert_arrays_eq!(cpu, gpu);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[rstest]
+    #[case(4096, None)]
+    #[case(4096, Some(100..3000))]
+    #[crate::test]
+    async fn test_alp_f64_with_patches(
+        #[case] len: usize,
+        #[case] slice_range: Option<Range<usize>>,
+    ) -> VortexResult<()> {
+        let mut values: Vec<f64> = (0..len).map(|i| (i as f64) * 1.1).collect();
+        // Insert exception values that ALP can't encode.
+        values[0] = 99.9;
+        values[500] = std::f64::consts::PI;
+        values[1024] = std::f64::consts::E;
+        if len > 2048 {
+            values[2048] = std::f64::consts::LN_2;
+        }
+        if len > 3333 {
+            values[3333] = std::f64::consts::SQRT_2;
+        }
+
+        let float_prim = PrimitiveArray::new(Buffer::from(values), NonNullable);
+        let encoded = alp_encode(
+            float_prim.as_view(),
+            None,
+            &mut LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx(),
+        )?
+        .into_array();
+
+        let (array, base_offset) = if let Some(ref range) = slice_range {
+            (encoded.slice(range.clone())?, range.start)
+        } else {
+            (encoded, 0)
+        };
+
+        // Decode on CPU as ground truth (accounts for ALP precision loss + patches).
+        let cpu_decoded = array
+            .clone()
+            .execute::<PrimitiveArray>(&mut LEGACY_SESSION.create_execution_ctx())?;
+        let expected: Vec<f64> = cpu_decoded.as_slice::<f64>().to_vec();
+
+        let mut cuda_ctx = CudaSession::create_execution_ctx(&VortexSession::empty())?;
+        let canonical = try_gpu_dispatch(&array, &mut cuda_ctx).await?;
+        let result = CanonicalCudaExt::into_host(canonical).await?;
+        let result_prim = result.as_primitive();
+        let actual: Vec<f64> = result_prim.as_slice::<f64>().to_vec();
+        for (i, (&a, &e)) in actual.iter().zip(expected.iter()).enumerate() {
+            assert!(
+                a.to_bits() == e.to_bits(),
+                "mismatch at index {i} (original index {}): gpu={a} cpu={e} (bits: {:#018x} vs {:#018x})",
+                i + base_offset,
+                a.to_bits(),
+                e.to_bits(),
+            );
+        }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[crate::test]
@@ -1775,7 +1987,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         // Ends (u32) are wider than values (u16), so the kernel would truncate
         // ends via load_element<T>. The plan builder rejects this as Unfused.
-        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array)?;
+        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array, CudaDispatchMode::Auto)?;
         assert!(
             matches!(plan, DispatchPlan::Unfused),
             "expected Unfused for RunEnd with wider ends"
@@ -1824,7 +2036,7 @@ mod tests {
         let dict = DictArray::try_new(codes_bp.into_array(), values_prim.into_array())?;
         let array = dict.into_array();
 
-        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array)?;
+        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array, CudaDispatchMode::Auto)?;
         assert!(
             matches!(plan, DispatchPlan::Fused(..)),
             "expected Fused for mixed-width Dict with BitPacked codes"
@@ -1868,7 +2080,7 @@ mod tests {
         let dict = DictArray::try_new(codes_bp.into_array(), values_prim.into_array())?;
         let array = dict.into_array();
 
-        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array)?;
+        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array, CudaDispatchMode::Auto)?;
         assert!(
             matches!(plan, DispatchPlan::Fused(..)),
             "expected Fused for mixed-width Dict with BitPacked codes"
@@ -1912,7 +2124,7 @@ mod tests {
         let dict = DictArray::try_new(codes_for.into_array(), values_prim.into_array())?;
         let array = dict.into_array();
 
-        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array)?;
+        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array, CudaDispatchMode::Auto)?;
         assert!(
             matches!(plan, DispatchPlan::Fused(..)),
             "expected Fused for mixed-width Dict with FoR(BitPacked) codes"
@@ -1969,7 +2181,7 @@ mod tests {
         let re = RunEnd::new(ends_bp.into_array(), values_prim.into_array(), &mut ctx);
         let array = re.into_array();
 
-        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array)?;
+        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array, CudaDispatchMode::Auto)?;
         assert!(
             matches!(plan, DispatchPlan::Fused(..)),
             "expected Fused for mixed-width RunEnd with BitPacked ends"
@@ -2015,7 +2227,7 @@ mod tests {
         let re = RunEnd::new(ends_for.into_array(), values_prim.into_array(), &mut ctx);
         let array = re.into_array();
 
-        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array)?;
+        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&array, CudaDispatchMode::Auto)?;
         assert!(
             matches!(plan, DispatchPlan::Fused(..)),
             "expected Fused for mixed-width RunEnd with FoR(BitPacked) ends"
@@ -2207,10 +2419,10 @@ mod tests {
         // Verify the plan actually fuses (not just a LOAD).
         assert!(
             matches!(
-                DispatchPlan::new(&for_arr.clone().into_array())?,
-                DispatchPlan::Fused(_)
+                DispatchPlan::new(&for_arr.clone().into_array(), CudaDispatchMode::Auto)?,
+                DispatchPlan::Standalone | DispatchPlan::Fused(_)
             ),
-            "FoR(BitPacked) with nullable validity should produce a Fused plan"
+            "FoR(BitPacked) with nullable validity should be fusable"
         );
 
         let gpu = try_gpu_dispatch(&for_arr.into_array(), &mut cuda_ctx)
@@ -2269,7 +2481,7 @@ mod tests {
         let values = PrimitiveArray::new(buffer![10u32, 20, 30], NonNullable);
         let dict = DictArray::try_new(codes.into_array(), values.into_array())?;
 
-        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&dict.into_array())?;
+        let plan = DispatchPlan::new(&dict.into_array(), CudaDispatchMode::Auto)?;
         assert!(
             matches!(plan, DispatchPlan::Unfused),
             "Dict with nullable codes should fall back to Unfused"
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/src/dynamic_dispatch/plan_builder.rs b/vortex-cuda/src/dynamic_dispatch/plan_builder.rs
index 0aecfd120a0..e887f1ba53f 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/src/dynamic_dispatch/plan_builder.rs
+++ b/vortex-cuda/src/dynamic_dispatch/plan_builder.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ use vortex::error::vortex_err;
 use super::CudaDispatchPlan;
 use super::MaterializedStage;
 use super::PTypeTag;
+use super::PTypeTag_PTYPE_F32;
+use super::PTypeTag_PTYPE_F64;
 use super::SMEM_TILE_SIZE;
 use super::ScalarOp;
 use super::SourceOp;
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ use super::ptype_to_tag;
 use super::tag_to_ptype;
 use crate::CudaBufferExt;
 use crate::CudaExecutionCtx;
+use crate::executor::CudaDispatchMode;
 use crate::kernel::load_patches_to_gpu;
 
 /// A plan whose source buffers have been copied to the device, ready for kernel launch.
@@ -63,16 +66,15 @@ pub struct MaterializedPlan {
 
 /// Checks whether the encoding of an array can be fused into a dynamic-dispatch plan.
 fn is_dyn_dispatch_compatible(array: &ArrayRef) -> bool {
-    // The dynamic dispatch kernel only supports F32 floats (via ALP).
-    // F16 and F64 have no reinterpret path in the kernel.
-    if matches!(PType::try_from(array.dtype()), Ok(PType::F16 | PType::F64)) {
+    // F16 has no reinterpret path in the kernel.
+    if matches!(PType::try_from(array.dtype()), Ok(PType::F16)) {
         return false;
     }
 
     let id = array.encoding_id();
     if id == ALP.id() {
         let arr = array.as_::<ALP>();
-        return arr.dtype().as_ptype() == PType::F32;
+        return matches!(arr.dtype().as_ptype(), PType::F32 | PType::F64);
     }
     if id == BitPacked.id() {
         return true;
@@ -121,6 +123,33 @@ fn is_dyn_dispatch_compatible(array: &ArrayRef) -> bool {
         || id == Sequence.id()
 }
 
+/// Returns `true` if a registered standalone kernel can decode the entire
+/// `array` tree in a single launch without recursing into `execute_cuda`
+/// for child encodings.
+pub fn has_standalone_kernel(array: &ArrayRef) -> bool {
+    let id = array.encoding_id();
+
+    // Leaf encodings: no children to recurse into.
+    if id == BitPacked.id() || id == Sequence.id() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // FoR fuses with BitPacked (FFOR) and Slice(BitPacked) in one launch.
+    if id == FoR.id() {
+        let for_arr = array.as_::<FoR>();
+        let child = for_arr.encoded();
+        if child.encoding_id() == BitPacked.id() {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if let Some(slice) = child.as_opt::<Slice>() {
+            return slice.child().encoding_id() == BitPacked.id();
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    false
+}
+
 /// An unmaterialized stage: a source op, scalar ops, and optional source buffer reference.
 ///
 /// Patches are tied to their owning ops, mirroring the CUDA side where
@@ -160,6 +189,9 @@ type OutputLen = u32;
 /// Constructed by [`DispatchPlan::new`], which inspects the encoding tree
 /// and determines whether it can be fully fused, partially fused, or not fused at all.
 pub enum DispatchPlan {
+    /// A registered standalone kernel can decode the entire tree in a single
+    /// launch without recursing into child encodings.
+    Standalone,
     /// Entire encoding tree is fusable into a single kernel launch.
     Fused(FusedPlan),
     /// Some subtrees need separate execution before the fused plan can run.
@@ -222,12 +254,21 @@ impl DispatchPlan {
     ///
     /// # Limitations
     ///
-    /// - Validity is propagated from the root array to the output. Nullable
-    ///   arrays are supported, but Dict with nullable codes and RunEnd with
-    ///   nullable ends are rejected to guard against out-of-bounds access.
-    /// - `BitPackedArray` and `ALPArray` with patches are supported.
-    /// - Only f32 ALP is supported (kernel stores multipliers as `float`).
-    pub fn new(array: &ArrayRef) -> VortexResult<Self> {
+    /// - **F16 primitives** are not supported (no reinterpret path in the kernel).
+    /// - **ALP** is supported for f32 and f64 only (including patches).
+    /// - **BitPacked** with patches is supported.
+    /// - **Dict** with nullable codes is rejected (garbage at null positions
+    ///   could OOB the DICT gather). Dict with codes wider than values is
+    ///   also rejected (load would truncate code indices).
+    /// - **RunEnd** with nullable ends is rejected (garbage values break the
+    ///   binary search). RunEnd with ends wider than values is also rejected.
+    /// - Validity is propagated from the root array to the output.
+    /// - Unrecognized encodings fall back to `Unfused`.
+    pub fn new(array: &ArrayRef, mode: CudaDispatchMode) -> VortexResult<Self> {
+        if mode == CudaDispatchMode::Auto && has_standalone_kernel(array) {
+            return Ok(Self::Standalone);
+        }
+
         if PType::try_from(array.dtype()).is_err() || !is_dyn_dispatch_compatible(array) {
             return Ok(Self::Unfused);
         }
@@ -275,9 +316,6 @@ impl FusedPlan {
                 array.dtype()
             )
         })?;
-        if output_ptype_rust == PType::F64 {
-            vortex_bail!("dynamic dispatch does not support f64 output");
-        }
         let output_elem_bytes = output_ptype_rust.byte_width() as u32;
         let output_ptype = ptype_to_tag(output_ptype_rust);
         let validity = array.validity()?;
@@ -587,13 +625,35 @@ impl FusedPlan {
         exponents: Exponents,
         pending_subtrees: &mut Vec<ArrayRef>,
     ) -> VortexResult<Stage> {
-        let alp_f = <f32 as ALPFloat>::F10[exponents.f as usize];
-        let alp_e = <f32 as ALPFloat>::IF10[exponents.e as usize];
+        let encoded_ptype = PType::try_from(encoded.dtype()).map_err(|_| {
+            vortex_err!(
+                "ALP encoded child must have primitive dtype, got {:?}",
+                encoded.dtype()
+            )
+        })?;
+        // ALP encodes f32 as i32 and f64 as i64. Select the correct
+        // exponent tables and output PType based on the encoded integer width.
+        let (alp_f, alp_e, output_ptype) = match encoded_ptype {
+            PType::I32 => (
+                <f32 as ALPFloat>::F10[exponents.f as usize] as f64,
+                <f32 as ALPFloat>::IF10[exponents.e as usize] as f64,
+                PTypeTag_PTYPE_F32,
+            ),
+            PType::I64 => (
+                <f64 as ALPFloat>::F10[exponents.f as usize],
+                <f64 as ALPFloat>::IF10[exponents.e as usize],
+                PTypeTag_PTYPE_F64,
+            ),
+            other => vortex_bail!(
+                "ALP encoded ptype must be I32 (f32) or I64 (f64), got {:?}",
+                other
+            ),
+        };
 
         let mut pipeline = self.walk(encoded, pending_subtrees)?;
         pipeline
             .scalar_ops
-            .push((ScalarOp::alp(alp_f, alp_e), patches));
+            .push((ScalarOp::alp(alp_f, alp_e, output_ptype), patches));
         Ok(pipeline)
     }
 
@@ -619,8 +679,7 @@ impl FusedPlan {
     /// Called from [`walk`] when [`is_dyn_dispatch_compatible`] rejects a child.
     /// Cases that require a separate kernel dispatch:
     ///
-    /// - **F16 / F64 primitives** — no reinterpret path in the kernel.
-    /// - **ALP with non-F32 dtype** — only F32 ALP is supported.
+    /// - **F16 primitives** — no reinterpret path in the kernel.
     /// - **Dict with nullable codes** — garbage at null positions could OOB
     ///   the DICT gather in shared memory.
     /// - **Dict with codes wider than values** — `load_element<T>()` would
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/src/hybrid_dispatch/mod.rs b/vortex-cuda/src/hybrid_dispatch/mod.rs
index 59ec18aa938..eb0727e992f 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/src/hybrid_dispatch/mod.rs
+++ b/vortex-cuda/src/hybrid_dispatch/mod.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
 
-//! Hybrid dispatch: fuses dynamic-dispatch plans with single-kernel fallbacks.
+//! Hybrid dispatch: routes arrays to standalone kernels or fused dynamic-dispatch plans.
 //!
 //! When an array is executed on the GPU, we fuse as much of its encoding
 //! tree as possible into a single kernel launch via [`DispatchPlan`].
@@ -18,10 +18,15 @@
 //!
 //! Strategies tried in order:
 //!
-//! 1. Fully fused — no unfusable nodes, entire tree compiles into one
+//! 1. Standalone — a registered kernel covers the entire tree in a single
+//!    launch without recursing into child encodings. Preferred when applicable
+//!    because the kernel is hand-tuned for that exact scenario. Detected by
+//!    `has_standalone_kernel`.
+//!
+//! 2. Fully fused — no unfusable nodes, entire tree compiles into one
 //!    [`DispatchPlan`] → `MaterializedPlan` → kernel launch.
 //!
-//! 2. Partial fusion — `pending_subtrees` from the `PartiallyFused`
+//! 3. Partial fusion — `pending_subtrees` from the `PartiallyFused`
 //!    variant are executed first (sequentially, same stream), their device buffers
 //!    become `LOAD` ops in a fused plan via `FusedPlan::materialize_with_subtrees`.
 //!    Each subtree re-enters [`try_gpu_dispatch`] and may itself fuse.
@@ -30,10 +35,10 @@
 //!    happens in-kernel via `load_element<T>()` in the LOAD source op — no
 //!    separate widen pass is needed.
 //!
-//! 3. Fallback — root is not fusable. Delegate to its registered
+//! 4. Fallback — root is not fusable. Delegate to its registered
 //!    `CudaExecute` kernel; its children re-enter [`try_gpu_dispatch`].
 //!
-//! All three compose recursively to arbitrary depth.
+//! All four compose recursively.
 //!
 //! Zone-map pruning is handled by ZonedReader before chunks reach the plan
 //! builder. Filtering within a chunk is done after decompression, not as push-down.
@@ -55,12 +60,14 @@ use crate::dynamic_dispatch::plan_builder::DispatchPlan;
 use crate::executor::CudaArrayExt;
 use crate::executor::CudaExecutionCtx;
 
-/// Try to execute `array` on the GPU, attempting three strategies in order:
+/// Try to execute `array` on the GPU, attempting four strategies in order:
 ///
-/// 1. Fully fused — [`DispatchPlan::new`] + `FusedPlan::materialize`.
-/// 2. Partially fused — pending subtrees executed first, then
+/// 1. Standalone — a registered kernel covers the entire tree without
+///    recursing into child encodings (e.g. FFOR, ALP(Primitive)).
+/// 2. Fully fused — [`DispatchPlan::new`] + `FusedPlan::materialize`.
+/// 3. Partially fused — pending subtrees executed first, then
 ///    `FusedPlan::materialize_with_subtrees`.
-/// 3. Fallback — root encoding's `CudaExecute` kernel; children
+/// 4. Fallback — root encoding's `CudaExecute` kernel; children
 ///    re-enter this function recursively.
 ///
 /// Returns `Ok(Canonical)` on success. Returns `Err` when the array
@@ -85,7 +92,17 @@ pub async fn try_gpu_dispatch(
             .await;
     }
 
-    match DispatchPlan::new(array)? {
+    match DispatchPlan::new(array, ctx.dispatch_mode())? {
+        DispatchPlan::Standalone => {
+            trace!(encoding = %array.encoding_id(), "standalone dispatch");
+            ctx.cuda_session()
+                .kernel(&array.encoding_id())
+                .ok_or_else(|| {
+                    vortex_err!("No CUDA kernel for encoding {:?}", array.encoding_id())
+                })?
+                .execute(array.clone(), ctx)
+                .await
+        }
         DispatchPlan::Fused(plan) => {
             let materialized = plan.materialize(ctx).await?;
             let num_stages = materialized.dispatch_plan.num_stages();
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/src/kernel/encodings/zstd.rs b/vortex-cuda/src/kernel/encodings/zstd.rs
index fe46b308e04..0364950d148 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/src/kernel/encodings/zstd.rs
+++ b/vortex-cuda/src/kernel/encodings/zstd.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ use vortex::encodings::zstd::Zstd;
 use vortex::encodings::zstd::ZstdArray;
 use vortex::encodings::zstd::ZstdDataParts;
 use vortex::encodings::zstd::ZstdMetadata;
+use vortex::encodings::zstd::reconstruct_views;
 use vortex::error::VortexExpect;
 use vortex::error::VortexResult;
 use vortex::error::vortex_bail;
@@ -330,8 +331,7 @@ async fn decode_zstd(array: ZstdArray, ctx: &mut CudaExecutionCtx) -> VortexResu
         .indices()
     {
         AllOr::All => {
-            let (buffers, all_views) =
-                vortex::encodings::zstd::reconstruct_views(&host_buffer, MAX_BUFFER_LEN);
+            let (buffers, all_views) = reconstruct_views(&host_buffer, MAX_BUFFER_LEN);
             let sliced_views = all_views.slice(slice_value_idx_start..slice_value_idx_stop);
 
             Ok(Canonical::VarBinView(unsafe {
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/src/kernel/encodings/zstd_buffers.rs b/vortex-cuda/src/kernel/encodings/zstd_buffers.rs
index c31ab65fadb..8a67a338ca5 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/src/kernel/encodings/zstd_buffers.rs
+++ b/vortex-cuda/src/kernel/encodings/zstd_buffers.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use vortex::buffer::Alignment;
 use vortex::buffer::Buffer;
 use vortex::encodings::zstd::ZstdBuffers;
 use vortex::encodings::zstd::ZstdBuffersArray;
+use vortex::encodings::zstd::ZstdBuffersDecodePlan;
 use vortex::error::VortexResult;
 use vortex::error::vortex_err;
 use vortex_nvcomp::sys;
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ async fn move_frames_to_device(
 
 // This performs D2H to retrieve the lengths and status arrays.
 async fn validate_decompress_results(
-    plan: &vortex::encodings::zstd::ZstdBuffersDecodePlan,
+    plan: &ZstdBuffersDecodePlan,
     device_actual_sizes: CudaSlice<usize>,
     device_statuses: CudaSlice<nvcompStatus_t>,
 ) -> VortexResult<()> {
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/src/kernel/patches/mod.rs b/vortex-cuda/src/kernel/patches/mod.rs
index 6075b664f72..90ec3fc9c99 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/src/kernel/patches/mod.rs
+++ b/vortex-cuda/src/kernel/patches/mod.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use vortex::array::arrays::primitive::PrimitiveDataParts;
 use vortex::array::patches::Patches;
 use vortex::array::validity::Validity;
 use vortex::dtype::NativePType;
+use vortex::dtype::PType;
 use vortex::error::VortexResult;
 use vortex::error::vortex_bail;
 use vortex::error::vortex_ensure;
@@ -51,12 +52,12 @@ impl GPUPatches {
 }
 
 /// Convert a [`PType`] to the corresponding [`ChunkOffsetType`] for GPU patches.
-fn ptype_to_chunk_offset_type(ptype: vortex::dtype::PType) -> VortexResult<ChunkOffsetType> {
+fn ptype_to_chunk_offset_type(ptype: PType) -> VortexResult<ChunkOffsetType> {
     match ptype {
-        vortex::dtype::PType::U8 => Ok(ChunkOffsetType_CO_U8),
-        vortex::dtype::PType::U16 => Ok(ChunkOffsetType_CO_U16),
-        vortex::dtype::PType::U32 => Ok(ChunkOffsetType_CO_U32),
-        vortex::dtype::PType::U64 => Ok(ChunkOffsetType_CO_U64),
+        PType::U8 => Ok(ChunkOffsetType_CO_U8),
+        PType::U16 => Ok(ChunkOffsetType_CO_U16),
+        PType::U32 => Ok(ChunkOffsetType_CO_U32),
+        PType::U64 => Ok(ChunkOffsetType_CO_U64),
         _ => vortex_bail!("Invalid PType for chunk_offsets: {:?}", ptype),
     }
 }
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/src/pinned.rs b/vortex-cuda/src/pinned.rs
index 80c57ee99b6..cd97db63164 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/src/pinned.rs
+++ b/vortex-cuda/src/pinned.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 
 use cudarc::driver::CudaContext;
 use cudarc::driver::CudaEvent;
@@ -105,10 +107,10 @@ pub struct PinnedByteBufferPool {
     max_keep_per_size: usize,
     buckets: Mutex<HashMap<usize, Vec<PinnedByteBuffer>>>,
     inflight: Mutex<Vec<InflightPinnedBuffer>>,
-    hits: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64,
-    misses: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64,
-    allocs: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64,
-    puts: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64,
+    hits: AtomicU64,
+    misses: AtomicU64,
+    allocs: AtomicU64,
+    puts: AtomicU64,
 }
 
 struct InflightPinnedBuffer {
@@ -129,10 +131,10 @@ impl PinnedByteBufferPool {
             max_keep_per_size: max_keep_per_size.max(1),
             buckets: Mutex::new(HashMap::new()),
             inflight: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
-            hits: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64::new(0),
-            misses: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64::new(0),
-            allocs: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64::new(0),
-            puts: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64::new(0),
+            hits: AtomicU64::new(0),
+            misses: AtomicU64::new(0),
+            allocs: AtomicU64::new(0),
+            puts: AtomicU64::new(0),
         }
     }
 
@@ -169,10 +171,10 @@ impl PinnedByteBufferPool {
     /// Snapshot pool reuse statistics.
     pub fn stats(&self) -> PinnedPoolStats {
         PinnedPoolStats {
-            hits: self.hits.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed),
-            misses: self.misses.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed),
-            allocs: self.allocs.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed),
-            puts: self.puts.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed),
+            hits: self.hits.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+            misses: self.misses.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+            allocs: self.allocs.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
+            puts: self.puts.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
         }
     }
 
@@ -211,16 +213,14 @@ impl PinnedByteBufferPool {
             if let Some(bucket) = buckets.get_mut(&key_len)
                 && let Some(buf) = bucket.pop()
             {
-                self.hits.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
+                self.hits.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
                 let mut buf = buf;
                 buf.set_logical_len(len);
                 return Ok(buf);
             }
         }
-        self.misses
-            .fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
-        self.allocs
-            .fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
+        self.misses.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        self.allocs.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
         unsafe { PinnedByteBuffer::uninit_with_capacity(&self.ctx, key_len, len) }
     }
 
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ impl PinnedByteBufferPool {
         };
         // If the pool is full, the buffer (cuMemFreeHost) is dropped outside the lock.
         drop(overflow);
-        self.puts.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
+        self.puts.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
     }
 
     fn try_get_inner(&self, len: usize) -> VortexResult<Option<PinnedByteBuffer>> {
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ impl PinnedByteBufferPool {
         if let Some(bucket) = buckets.get_mut(&key_len)
             && let Some(mut buf) = bucket.pop()
         {
-            self.hits.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
+            self.hits.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
             buf.set_logical_len(len);
             Ok(Some(buf))
         } else {
diff --git a/vortex-cuda/src/session.rs b/vortex-cuda/src/session.rs
index cbb2ff79726..4ef1736021c 100644
--- a/vortex-cuda/src/session.rs
+++ b/vortex-cuda/src/session.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
 
+use std::any::Any;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ use vortex::array::VortexSessionExecute;
 use vortex::error::VortexResult;
 use vortex::session::Ref;
 use vortex::session::SessionExt;
+use vortex::session::SessionVar;
 use vortex::utils::aliases::dash_map::DashMap;
 
 use crate::ExportDeviceArray;
@@ -147,6 +149,16 @@ impl Default for CudaSession {
     }
 }
 
+impl SessionVar for CudaSession {
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
 /// Extension trait for accessing the CUDA session from a Vortex session.
 pub trait CudaSessionExt: SessionExt {
     /// Returns the CUDA session.
diff --git a/vortex-datafusion/src/v2/source.rs b/vortex-datafusion/src/v2/source.rs
index 80a00a7efbe..8efebb04267 100644
--- a/vortex-datafusion/src/v2/source.rs
+++ b/vortex-datafusion/src/v2/source.rs
@@ -500,10 +500,10 @@ impl DataSource for VortexDataSource {
     fn partition_statistics(&self, _partition: Option<usize>) -> DFResult<Statistics> {
         // FIXME(ngates): this should be adjusted based on filters. See DuckDB for heuristics,
         //  and in the future, store the selectivity stats in the session.
-        let num_rows = estimate_to_df_precision(&self.data_source.row_count());
+        let num_rows = estimate_to_df_precision(self.data_source.row_count().as_ref());
 
         // FIXME(ngates): byte size should be adjusted for the initial projection...
-        let total_byte_size = estimate_to_df_precision(&self.data_source.byte_size());
+        let total_byte_size = estimate_to_df_precision(self.data_source.byte_size().as_ref());
 
         // Column statistics must match the output schema (leftover_schema), which may differ
         // from the initial schema after try_swapping_with_projection adds computed columns.
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ impl DataSource for VortexDataSource {
 /// [`DataFusionPrecision`].
 ///
 /// [`DataFusionPrecision`]: datafusion_common::stats::Precision
-fn estimate_to_df_precision(est: &Option<Precision<u64>>) -> DFPrecision<usize> {
+fn estimate_to_df_precision(est: Option<&Precision<u64>>) -> DFPrecision<usize> {
     match est {
         Some(Precision::Exact(v)) => DFPrecision::Exact(usize::try_from(*v).unwrap_or(usize::MAX)),
         Some(Precision::Inexact(v)) => {
diff --git a/vortex-file/src/file.rs b/vortex-file/src/file.rs
index 7257676b05c..f321d774197 100644
--- a/vortex-file/src/file.rs
+++ b/vortex-file/src/file.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use vortex_array::ArrayRef;
 use vortex_array::Columnar;
+use vortex_array::IntoArray;
 use vortex_array::VortexSessionExecute;
+use vortex_array::arrays::ConstantArray;
 use vortex_array::dtype::DType;
 use vortex_array::dtype::Field;
 use vortex_array::dtype::FieldMask;
@@ -20,6 +22,7 @@ use vortex_array::dtype::FieldPath;
 use vortex_array::dtype::FieldPathSet;
 use vortex_array::expr::Expression;
 use vortex_array::expr::pruning::checked_pruning_expr;
+use vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::substitute_row_count;
 use vortex_error::VortexResult;
 use vortex_layout::LayoutReader;
 use vortex_layout::scan::layout::LayoutReaderDataSource;
@@ -117,7 +120,11 @@ impl VortexFile {
         ))
     }
 
-    /// Returns true if the expression will never match any rows in the file.
+    /// Returns `true` if file-level statistics prove the expression cannot
+    /// match any rows in this file.
+    ///
+    /// Row-count-aware pruning predicates are evaluated with the file's total
+    /// row count as their scope.
     pub fn can_prune(&self, filter: &Expression) -> VortexResult<bool> {
         let Some((stats, fields)) = self
             .footer
@@ -162,16 +169,18 @@ impl VortexFile {
             return Ok(false);
         };
 
+        // Apply the predicate, then substitute any row_count placeholders in the resulting array
+        // tree with a ConstantArray carrying the file-level row count.
+        let applied = file_stats.apply(&predicate)?;
+        let row_count_replacement =
+            ConstantArray::new(self.footer.row_count(), applied.len()).into_array();
+        let applied = substitute_row_count(applied, &row_count_replacement)?;
+
         let mut ctx = self.session.create_execution_ctx();
-        Ok(
-            match file_stats
-                .apply(&predicate)?
-                .execute::<Columnar>(&mut ctx)?
-            {
-                Columnar::Constant(s) => s.scalar().as_bool().value() == Some(true),
-                Columnar::Canonical(_) => false,
-            },
-        )
+        Ok(match applied.execute::<Columnar>(&mut ctx)? {
+            Columnar::Constant(s) => s.scalar().as_bool().value() == Some(true),
+            Columnar::Canonical(_) => false,
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn splits(&self) -> VortexResult<Vec<Range<u64>>> {
diff --git a/vortex-file/src/multi/session.rs b/vortex-file/src/multi/session.rs
index d7705006d37..7023d3cd020 100644
--- a/vortex-file/src/multi/session.rs
+++ b/vortex-file/src/multi/session.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 
 //! Session extension for multi-file scanning, providing a shared footer cache.
 
+use std::any::Any;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 use vortex_session::SessionExt;
+use vortex_session::SessionVar;
 
 use crate::footer::Footer;
 
@@ -61,6 +63,16 @@ impl MultiFileSession {
     }
 }
 
+impl SessionVar for MultiFileSession {
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
 /// Extension trait for accessing the [`MultiFileSession`] from a session.
 pub(super) trait MultiFileSessionExt: SessionExt {
     /// Returns a reference to the [`MultiFileSession`] state.
diff --git a/vortex-file/src/v2/file_stats_reader.rs b/vortex-file/src/v2/file_stats_reader.rs
index 5634ec09bd4..f197fea32b6 100644
--- a/vortex-file/src/v2/file_stats_reader.rs
+++ b/vortex-file/src/v2/file_stats_reader.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use vortex_array::Canonical;
 use vortex_array::IntoArray;
 use vortex_array::MaskFuture;
 use vortex_array::VortexSessionExecute;
+use vortex_array::arrays::ConstantArray;
 use vortex_array::arrays::NullArray;
 use vortex_array::dtype::DType;
 use vortex_array::dtype::FieldMask;
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ use vortex_array::expr::lit;
 use vortex_array::expr::stats::Stat;
 use vortex_array::scalar::Scalar;
 use vortex_array::scalar_fn::fns::literal::Literal;
+use vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::substitute_row_count;
 use vortex_error::VortexResult;
 use vortex_layout::ArrayFuture;
 use vortex_layout::LayoutReader;
@@ -75,18 +77,19 @@ impl FileStatsLayoutReader {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Evaluates whether the file can be fully pruned for the given expression.
+    /// Evaluates whether file-level statistics prove `expr` cannot match.
     ///
-    /// Returns `true` if file-level stats prove no rows can match, `false` otherwise.
+    /// Row-count placeholders are resolved against the full file row count,
+    /// independent of the requested row range.
     fn evaluate_file_stats(&self, expr: &Expression) -> VortexResult<bool> {
         let Some(pruning_expr) = expr.stat_falsification(self) else {
             // If there is no pruning expression, we can't prune.
             return Ok(false);
         };
 
-        // Given how we implemented the StatsCatalog, we know the expression must be all literals.
-        // We can therefore optimize with a null scope since there are no field references that
-        // need to be resolved.
+        // Given how we implemented the StatsCatalog, we know the expression must be all literals
+        // or row_count placeholders. We can therefore optimize with a null scope since there are
+        // no field references that need to be resolved.
         let simplified = pruning_expr.optimize_recursive(&DType::Null)?;
         if let Some(result) = simplified.as_opt::<Literal>() {
             // Can prune if the result is non-nullable and true
@@ -94,8 +97,12 @@ impl FileStatsLayoutReader {
         }
 
         // Sometimes expressions don't implement constant folding to literals... In this case,
-        // we just execute the expression over a null array.
+        // we apply the expression over a null array and substitute any row_count placeholders
+        // in the resulting array tree with the file's row count.
         let pruning = NullArray::new(1).into_array().apply(&pruning_expr)?;
+        let row_count_replacement =
+            ConstantArray::new(self.child.row_count(), pruning.len()).into_array();
+        let pruning = substitute_row_count(pruning, &row_count_replacement)?;
 
         let mut ctx = self.session.create_execution_ctx();
         let result = pruning
@@ -126,8 +133,6 @@ impl StatsCatalog for FileStatsLayoutReader {
 
         let stat_value = field_stats.get(stat)?.as_exact()?;
         let field_dtype = self.struct_fields.field_by_index(field_idx)?;
-        // Use the stat's own dtype rather than the field dtype. For example,
-        // NullCount is always u64 regardless of the column type.
         let stat_dtype = stat.dtype(&field_dtype)?;
         let stat_scalar = Scalar::try_new(stat_dtype, Some(stat_value)).ok()?;
 
@@ -220,6 +225,7 @@ mod tests {
     use vortex_array::dtype::PType;
     use vortex_array::expr::get_item;
     use vortex_array::expr::gt;
+    use vortex_array::expr::is_not_null;
     use vortex_array::expr::is_null;
     use vortex_array::expr::lit;
     use vortex_array::expr::root;
@@ -267,6 +273,18 @@ mod tests {
         )
     }
 
+    fn test_file_null_count_stats(null_count: u64) -> FileStatistics {
+        let mut stats = StatsSet::default();
+        stats.set(
+            Stat::NullCount,
+            Precision::exact(ScalarValue::from(null_count)),
+        );
+        FileStatistics::new(
+            Arc::from([stats]),
+            Arc::from([DType::Primitive(PType::I32, Nullability::Nullable)]),
+        )
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn pruning_when_filter_out_of_range() -> VortexResult<()> {
         block_on(|handle| async {
@@ -400,4 +418,47 @@ mod tests {
             Ok(())
         })
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn pruning_is_not_null_when_file_is_all_null() -> VortexResult<()> {
+        block_on(|handle| async {
+            let session = SESSION.clone().with_handle(handle);
+            let ctx = ArrayContext::empty();
+            let segments = Arc::new(TestSegments::default());
+            let (ptr, eof) = SequenceId::root().split();
+            let struct_array = StructArray::from_fields(
+                [(
+                    "col",
+                    PrimitiveArray::from_option_iter([None::<i32>, None, None, None, None])
+                        .into_array(),
+                )]
+                .as_slice(),
+            )?;
+            let strategy = TableStrategy::new(
+                Arc::new(FlatLayoutStrategy::default()),
+                Arc::new(FlatLayoutStrategy::default()),
+            );
+            let layout = strategy
+                .write_stream(
+                    ctx,
+                    Arc::clone(&segments) as Arc<dyn SegmentSink>,
+                    struct_array.into_array().to_array_stream().sequenced(ptr),
+                    eof,
+                    &session,
+                )
+                .await?;
+
+            let child = layout.new_reader("".into(), segments, &SESSION)?;
+
+            let reader =
+                FileStatsLayoutReader::new(child, test_file_null_count_stats(5), SESSION.clone());
+
+            let expr = is_not_null(get_item("col", root()));
+            let mask = Mask::new_true(5);
+            let result = reader.pruning_evaluation(&(0..5), &expr, mask)?.await?;
+            assert_eq!(result, Mask::new_false(5));
+
+            Ok(())
+        })
+    }
 }
diff --git a/vortex-io/public-api.lock b/vortex-io/public-api.lock
index d611f71f785..30bf0f180e8 100644
--- a/vortex-io/public-api.lock
+++ b/vortex-io/public-api.lock
@@ -488,6 +488,12 @@ impl core::fmt::Debug for vortex_io::session::RuntimeSession
 
 pub fn vortex_io::session::RuntimeSession::fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
 
+impl vortex_session::SessionVar for vortex_io::session::RuntimeSession
+
+pub fn vortex_io::session::RuntimeSession::as_any(&self) -> &dyn core::any::Any
+
+pub fn vortex_io::session::RuntimeSession::as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn core::any::Any
+
 pub trait vortex_io::session::RuntimeSessionExt: vortex_session::SessionExt
 
 pub fn vortex_io::session::RuntimeSessionExt::handle(&self) -> vortex_io::runtime::Handle
diff --git a/vortex-io/src/session.rs b/vortex-io/src/session.rs
index 38500d248a0..42975ca70de 100644
--- a/vortex-io/src/session.rs
+++ b/vortex-io/src/session.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
 
+use std::any::Any;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 use vortex_error::VortexExpect;
 use vortex_session::SessionExt;
+use vortex_session::SessionVar;
 
 use crate::runtime::Handle;
 
@@ -13,6 +15,16 @@ pub struct RuntimeSession {
     handle: Option<Handle>,
 }
 
+impl SessionVar for RuntimeSession {
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
 impl Default for RuntimeSession {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
diff --git a/vortex-layout/Cargo.toml b/vortex-layout/Cargo.toml
index 30a0953444a..61b1253ef43 100644
--- a/vortex-layout/Cargo.toml
+++ b/vortex-layout/Cargo.toml
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ vortex-flatbuffers = { workspace = true, features = ["layout"] }
 vortex-io = { workspace = true }
 vortex-mask = { workspace = true }
 vortex-metrics = { workspace = true }
+vortex-runend = { workspace = true }
 vortex-scan = { workspace = true }
 vortex-sequence = { workspace = true }
 vortex-session = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/vortex-layout/public-api.lock b/vortex-layout/public-api.lock
index 6b029d9c50d..32fe19f9729 100644
--- a/vortex-layout/public-api.lock
+++ b/vortex-layout/public-api.lock
@@ -792,37 +792,17 @@ pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::writer::ZonedStrategy::write_stream<'life0
 
 pub mod vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map
 
-pub struct vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::StatsAccumulator
-
-impl vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::StatsAccumulator
-
-pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::StatsAccumulator::as_stats_table(&mut self) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::ZoneMap>>
-
-pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::StatsAccumulator::new(dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType, stats: &[vortex_array::expr::stats::Stat], max_variable_length_statistics_size: usize) -> Self
-
-pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::StatsAccumulator::push_chunk(&mut self, array: &vortex_array::array::erased::ArrayRef, ctx: &mut vortex_array::executor::ExecutionCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<()>
-
-pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::StatsAccumulator::push_chunk_without_compute(&mut self, array: &vortex_array::array::erased::ArrayRef) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<()>
-
 pub struct vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::ZoneMap
 
 impl vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::ZoneMap
 
-pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::ZoneMap::array(&self) -> &vortex_array::arrays::struct_::vtable::StructArray
-
 pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::ZoneMap::dtype_for_stats_table(column_dtype: &vortex_array::dtype::DType, present_stats: &[vortex_array::expr::stats::Stat]) -> vortex_array::dtype::DType
 
-pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::ZoneMap::get_stat(&self, stat: vortex_array::expr::stats::Stat) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<core::option::Option<vortex_array::array::erased::ArrayRef>>
-
-pub unsafe fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::ZoneMap::new_unchecked(array: vortex_array::arrays::struct_::vtable::StructArray, stats: alloc::sync::Arc<[vortex_array::expr::stats::Stat]>) -> Self
-
-pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::ZoneMap::present_stats(&self) -> &alloc::sync::Arc<[vortex_array::expr::stats::Stat]>
+pub unsafe fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::ZoneMap::new_unchecked(array: vortex_array::arrays::struct_::vtable::StructArray, zone_len: u64, row_count: u64) -> Self
 
 pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::ZoneMap::prune(&self, predicate: &vortex_array::expr::expression::Expression, session: &vortex_session::VortexSession) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_mask::Mask>
 
-pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::ZoneMap::to_stats_set(&self, stats: &[vortex_array::expr::stats::Stat], ctx: &mut vortex_array::executor::ExecutionCtx) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<vortex_array::stats::stats_set::StatsSet>
-
-pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::ZoneMap::try_new(column_dtype: vortex_array::dtype::DType, array: vortex_array::arrays::struct_::vtable::StructArray, stats: alloc::sync::Arc<[vortex_array::expr::stats::Stat]>) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<Self>
+pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::ZoneMap::try_new(column_dtype: vortex_array::dtype::DType, array: vortex_array::arrays::struct_::vtable::StructArray, stats: alloc::sync::Arc<[vortex_array::expr::stats::Stat]>, zone_len: u64, row_count: u64) -> vortex_error::VortexResult<Self>
 
 impl core::clone::Clone for vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::zone_map::ZoneMap
 
@@ -876,6 +856,8 @@ pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::ZonedLayout::nzones(&self) -> usize
 
 pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::ZonedLayout::present_stats(&self) -> &alloc::sync::Arc<[vortex_array::expr::stats::Stat]>
 
+pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::ZonedLayout::zone_len(&self) -> usize
+
 impl core::clone::Clone for vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::ZonedLayout
 
 pub fn vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::ZonedLayout::clone(&self) -> vortex_layout::layouts::zoned::ZonedLayout
@@ -1432,6 +1414,12 @@ impl core::fmt::Debug for vortex_layout::session::LayoutSession
 
 pub fn vortex_layout::session::LayoutSession::fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result
 
+impl vortex_session::SessionVar for vortex_layout::session::LayoutSession
+
+pub fn vortex_layout::session::LayoutSession::as_any(&self) -> &dyn core::any::Any
+
+pub fn vortex_layout::session::LayoutSession::as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn core::any::Any
+
 pub trait vortex_layout::session::LayoutSessionExt: vortex_session::SessionExt
 
 pub fn vortex_layout::session::LayoutSessionExt::layouts(&self) -> vortex_session::Ref<'_, vortex_layout::session::LayoutSession>
diff --git a/vortex-layout/src/layouts/file_stats.rs b/vortex-layout/src/layouts/file_stats.rs
index f12af8a98fc..0b3205e216f 100644
--- a/vortex-layout/src/layouts/file_stats.rs
+++ b/vortex-layout/src/layouts/file_stats.rs
@@ -130,14 +130,8 @@ impl FileStatsAccumulator {
             .lock()
             .iter_mut()
             .map(|acc| {
-                acc.as_stats_table()
+                acc.as_stats_set(&self.stats, &mut ctx)
                     .vortex_expect("as_stats_table should not fail")
-                    .map(|table| {
-                        table
-                            .to_stats_set(&self.stats, &mut ctx)
-                            .vortex_expect("shouldn't fail to convert table we just created")
-                    })
-                    .unwrap_or_default()
             })
             .collect()
     }
diff --git a/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/builder.rs b/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/builder.rs
index 7f24eaca886..25a6e89f9db 100644
--- a/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/builder.rs
+++ b/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/builder.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
 
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use vortex_array::ArrayRef;
@@ -11,14 +12,17 @@ use vortex_array::ExecutionCtx;
 use vortex_array::IntoArray;
 use vortex_array::LEGACY_SESSION;
 use vortex_array::VortexSessionExecute;
+use vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::sum::sum;
 use vortex_array::arrays::ConstantArray;
 use vortex_array::arrays::StructArray;
+use vortex_array::arrays::struct_::StructArrayExt;
 use vortex_array::builders::ArrayBuilder;
 use vortex_array::builders::BoolBuilder;
 use vortex_array::builders::builder_with_capacity;
 use vortex_array::dtype::DType;
 use vortex_array::dtype::FieldName;
 use vortex_array::dtype::Nullability;
+use vortex_array::dtype::PType;
 use vortex_array::expr::stats::Precision;
 use vortex_array::expr::stats::Stat;
 use vortex_array::expr::stats::StatsProvider;
@@ -26,15 +30,14 @@ use vortex_array::scalar::Scalar;
 use vortex_array::scalar::ScalarTruncation;
 use vortex_array::scalar::lower_bound;
 use vortex_array::scalar::upper_bound;
+use vortex_array::stats::StatsSet;
 use vortex_array::validity::Validity;
 use vortex_buffer::BufferString;
 use vortex_buffer::ByteBuffer;
-use vortex_error::VortexExpect;
 use vortex_error::VortexResult;
 
 use crate::layouts::zoned::schema::MAX_IS_TRUNCATED;
 use crate::layouts::zoned::schema::MIN_IS_TRUNCATED;
-use crate::layouts::zoned::zone_map::ZoneMap;
 
 /// Accumulates write-time statistics for each logical zone.
 pub struct StatsAccumulator {
@@ -88,11 +91,7 @@ impl StatsAccumulator {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Finishes the accumulator into a [`ZoneMap`].
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if none of the requested statistics can be computed, for example they are
-    /// not applicable to the column's data type.
-    pub fn as_stats_table(&mut self) -> VortexResult<Option<ZoneMap>> {
+    pub fn as_array(&mut self) -> VortexResult<Option<(StructArray, Arc<[Stat]>)>> {
         let mut names = Vec::new();
         let mut fields = Vec::new();
         let mut stats = Vec::new();
@@ -119,15 +118,50 @@ impl StatsAccumulator {
             return Ok(None);
         }
 
-        let array = StructArray::try_new(names.into(), fields, self.length, Validity::NonNullable)
-            .vortex_expect("Failed to create zone map");
-        let stats = stats.into();
+        let array = StructArray::try_new(names.into(), fields, self.length, Validity::NonNullable)?;
+        Ok(Some((array, stats.into())))
+    }
 
-        // SAFETY: `StatsAccumulator` builds the struct fields from `stats_builder_with_capacity`
-        // using the same field-ordering and truncation-column rules as `stats_table_dtype`.
-        // The `stats` list is collected in that same sorted order, so the resulting struct array
-        // matches the expected zoned stats-table dtype by construction.
-        Ok(Some(unsafe { ZoneMap::new_unchecked(array, stats) }))
+    /// Returns an aggregated stats set for the table.
+    pub fn as_stats_set(
+        &mut self,
+        stats: &[Stat],
+        ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
+    ) -> VortexResult<StatsSet> {
+        let mut stats_set = StatsSet::default();
+        let Some((array, _)) = self.as_array()? else {
+            return Ok(stats_set);
+        };
+
+        for &stat in stats {
+            let Some(array) = array.unmasked_field_by_name_opt(stat.name()) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+
+            // Different stats need different aggregations
+            match stat {
+                // For stats that are associative, we can just compute them over the stat column
+                Stat::Min | Stat::Max | Stat::Sum => {
+                    if let Some(s) = array.statistics().compute_stat(stat, ctx)?
+                        && let Some(v) = s.into_value()
+                    {
+                        stats_set.set(stat, Precision::exact(v))
+                    }
+                }
+                // These stats sum up
+                Stat::NullCount | Stat::NaNCount | Stat::UncompressedSizeInBytes => {
+                    if let Some(sum_value) = sum(array, ctx)?
+                        .cast(&DType::Primitive(PType::U64, Nullability::Nullable))?
+                        .into_value()
+                    {
+                        stats_set.set(stat, Precision::exact(sum_value));
+                    }
+                }
+                // We could implement these aggregations in the future, but for now they're unused
+                Stat::IsConstant | Stat::IsSorted | Stat::IsStrictSorted => {}
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(stats_set)
     }
 }
 
@@ -385,12 +419,9 @@ mod tests {
             .vortex_expect("push_chunk should succeed for test data");
         acc.push_chunk(&builder2.finish(), &mut ctx)
             .vortex_expect("push_chunk should succeed for test data");
-        let stats_table = acc
-            .as_stats_table()
-            .unwrap()
-            .expect("Must have stats table");
+        let (stats_table, _) = acc.as_array().unwrap().expect("Must have stats table");
         assert_eq!(
-            stats_table.array().names().as_ref(),
+            stats_table.names().as_ref(),
             &[
                 Stat::Max.name(),
                 MAX_IS_TRUNCATED,
@@ -399,7 +430,6 @@ mod tests {
             ]
         );
         let field1_bool = stats_table
-            .array()
             .unmasked_field(1)
             .clone()
             .execute::<BoolArray>(&mut ctx)
@@ -409,7 +439,6 @@ mod tests {
             BitBuffer::from(vec![false, true])
         );
         let field3_bool = stats_table
-            .array()
             .unmasked_field(3)
             .clone()
             .execute::<BoolArray>(&mut ctx)
@@ -427,12 +456,9 @@ mod tests {
         let mut acc = StatsAccumulator::new(array.dtype(), &[Stat::Max, Stat::Min, Stat::Sum], 12);
         acc.push_chunk(&array, &mut ctx)
             .vortex_expect("push_chunk should succeed for test array");
-        let stats_table = acc
-            .as_stats_table()
-            .unwrap()
-            .expect("Must have stats table");
+        let (stats_table, _) = acc.as_array().unwrap().expect("Must have stats table");
         assert_eq!(
-            stats_table.array().names().as_ref(),
+            stats_table.names().as_ref(),
             &[
                 Stat::Max.name(),
                 MAX_IS_TRUNCATED,
@@ -442,14 +468,12 @@ mod tests {
             ]
         );
         let field1_bool = stats_table
-            .array()
             .unmasked_field(1)
             .clone()
             .execute::<BoolArray>(&mut ctx)
             .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(field1_bool.to_bit_buffer(), BitBuffer::from(vec![false]));
         let field3_bool = stats_table
-            .array()
             .unmasked_field(3)
             .clone()
             .execute::<BoolArray>(&mut ctx)
diff --git a/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/mod.rs b/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/mod.rs
index 18ae57f368f..697e55e968c 100644
--- a/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/mod.rs
+++ b/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/mod.rs
@@ -201,6 +201,10 @@ impl ZonedLayout {
         usize::try_from(self.children.child_row_count(1)).vortex_expect("Invalid number of zones")
     }
 
+    pub fn zone_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.zone_len
+    }
+
     /// Returns an array of stats that exist in the layout's data, must be sorted.
     pub fn present_stats(&self) -> &Arc<[Stat]> {
         &self.present_stats
diff --git a/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/pruning.rs b/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/pruning.rs
index 7fccafddebb..99526363813 100644
--- a/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/pruning.rs
+++ b/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/pruning.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ type PredicateCache = Arc<OnceLock<Option<Expression>>>;
 
 pub(super) struct PruningState {
     zone_count: usize,
+    row_count: u64,
+    zone_len: u64,
     present_stats: Arc<[Stat]>,
     lazy_children: Arc<LazyReaderChildren>,
     session: VortexSession,
@@ -57,6 +59,8 @@ impl PruningState {
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             zone_count: layout.nzones(),
+            row_count: layout.row_count(),
+            zone_len: layout.zone_len() as u64,
             present_stats: Arc::clone(layout.present_stats()),
             lazy_children,
             session,
@@ -131,7 +135,6 @@ impl PruningState {
         self.zone_map
             .get_or_init(move || {
                 let zone_count = self.zone_count;
-                let present_stats = Arc::clone(&self.present_stats);
                 let zones_eval = self
                     .lazy_children
                     .get(1)
@@ -143,13 +146,15 @@ impl PruningState {
                     )
                     .vortex_expect("Failed construct zone map evaluation");
                 let session = self.session.clone();
+                let zone_len = self.zone_len;
+                let row_count = self.row_count;
 
                 async move {
                     let mut ctx = session.create_execution_ctx();
                     let zones_array = zones_eval.await?.execute::<StructArray>(&mut ctx)?;
                     // SAFETY: zoned layout validation ensures the zones child matches the expected
                     // stats-table schema for `present_stats`.
-                    Ok(unsafe { ZoneMap::new_unchecked(zones_array, present_stats) })
+                    Ok(unsafe { ZoneMap::new_unchecked(zones_array, zone_len, row_count) })
                 }
                 .map_err(Arc::new)
                 .boxed()
diff --git a/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/reader.rs b/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/reader.rs
index 70bad53db9e..e3dc2bf2e00 100644
--- a/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/reader.rs
+++ b/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/reader.rs
@@ -91,6 +91,10 @@ impl LayoutReader for ZonedReader {
         &self.name
     }
 
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any {
+        self
+    }
+
     fn dtype(&self) -> &DType {
         self.layout.dtype()
     }
@@ -208,10 +212,6 @@ impl LayoutReader for ZonedReader {
         self.data_child()?
             .projection_evaluation(row_range, expr, mask)
     }
-
-    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any {
-        self
-    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/writer.rs b/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/writer.rs
index 9c895d986d2..7308a62f044 100644
--- a/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/writer.rs
+++ b/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/writer.rs
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ impl LayoutStrategy for ZonedStrategy {
                         chunk
                             .statistics()
                             .compute_all(&stats, &mut session.create_execution_ctx())?;
-                        VortexResult::Ok((sequence_id, chunk))
+                        Ok((sequence_id, chunk))
                     })
                 })
                 .buffered(self.options.concurrency),
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ impl LayoutStrategy for ZonedStrategy {
             )
             .await?;
 
-        let Some(stats_table) = stats_accumulator.lock().as_stats_table()? else {
+        let Some((stats_array, stats)) = stats_accumulator.lock().as_array()? else {
             // If we have no stats (e.g. the DType doesn't support them), then we just return the
             // child layout.
             return Ok(data_layout);
@@ -163,9 +163,7 @@ impl LayoutStrategy for ZonedStrategy {
 
         // We must defer creating the stats table LayoutWriter until now, because the DType of
         // the table depends on which stats were successfully computed.
-        let stats_stream = stats_table
-            .array()
-            .clone()
+        let stats_stream = stats_array
             .into_array()
             .to_array_stream()
             .sequenced(eof.split_off());
@@ -174,13 +172,7 @@ impl LayoutStrategy for ZonedStrategy {
             .write_stream(ctx, Arc::clone(&segment_sink), stats_stream, eof, &session)
             .await?;
 
-        Ok(ZonedLayout::new(
-            data_layout,
-            zones_layout,
-            block_size,
-            Arc::clone(stats_table.present_stats()),
-        )
-        .into_layout())
+        Ok(ZonedLayout::new(data_layout, zones_layout, block_size, stats).into_layout())
     }
 
     fn buffered_bytes(&self) -> u64 {
diff --git a/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/zone_map.rs b/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/zone_map.rs
index 9a0173c0035..485fff7ee30 100644
--- a/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/zone_map.rs
+++ b/vortex-layout/src/layouts/zoned/zone_map.rs
@@ -9,22 +9,22 @@ use vortex_array::ArrayRef;
 use vortex_array::ExecutionCtx;
 use vortex_array::IntoArray;
 use vortex_array::VortexSessionExecute;
-use vortex_array::aggregate_fn::fns::sum::sum;
+use vortex_array::arrays::ConstantArray;
+use vortex_array::arrays::PrimitiveArray;
 use vortex_array::arrays::StructArray;
-use vortex_array::arrays::struct_::StructArrayExt;
 use vortex_array::dtype::DType;
-use vortex_array::dtype::Nullability;
-use vortex_array::dtype::PType;
 use vortex_array::expr::Expression;
-use vortex_array::expr::stats::Precision;
 use vortex_array::expr::stats::Stat;
-use vortex_array::stats::StatsSet;
+use vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::contains_row_count;
+use vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count::substitute_row_count;
+use vortex_array::validity::Validity;
+use vortex_buffer::buffer;
 use vortex_error::VortexResult;
 use vortex_error::vortex_bail;
 use vortex_mask::Mask;
+use vortex_runend::RunEnd;
 use vortex_session::VortexSession;
 
-pub use crate::layouts::zoned::builder::StatsAccumulator;
 use crate::layouts::zoned::schema::stats_table_dtype;
 
 /// A zone map containing statistics for a column.
@@ -35,8 +35,10 @@ use crate::layouts::zoned::schema::stats_table_dtype;
 pub struct ZoneMap {
     // The struct array backing the zone map
     array: StructArray,
-    // The statistics that are included in the table.
-    stats: Arc<[Stat]>,
+    // The length of each zone in the zone map.
+    zone_len: u64,
+    // Number of rows that the zone map covers
+    row_count: u64,
 }
 
 impl ZoneMap {
@@ -46,6 +48,8 @@ impl ZoneMap {
         column_dtype: DType,
         array: StructArray,
         stats: Arc<[Stat]>,
+        zone_len: u64,
+        row_count: u64,
     ) -> VortexResult<Self> {
         let expected_dtype = stats_table_dtype(&column_dtype, &stats);
         if &expected_dtype != array.dtype() {
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ impl ZoneMap {
         }
 
         // SAFETY: We checked that the array matches the expected stats-table schema.
-        Ok(unsafe { Self::new_unchecked(array, stats) })
+        Ok(unsafe { Self::new_unchecked(array, zone_len, row_count) })
     }
 
     /// Creates [`ZoneMap`] without validating return array against expected stats.
@@ -61,9 +65,12 @@ impl ZoneMap {
     /// # Safety
     ///
     /// Assumes that the input struct array has the correct statistics as fields. Or in other words,
-    /// the [`DType`] of the input array is equal to the result of `stats_table_dtype`.
-    pub unsafe fn new_unchecked(array: StructArray, stats: Arc<[Stat]>) -> Self {
-        Self { array, stats }
+    pub unsafe fn new_unchecked(array: StructArray, zone_len: u64, row_count: u64) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            array,
+            zone_len,
+            row_count,
+        }
     }
 
     /// Returns the [`DType`] of the statistics table given a set of statistics and column [`DType`].
@@ -74,71 +81,65 @@ impl ZoneMap {
         stats_table_dtype(column_dtype, present_stats)
     }
 
-    /// Returns the underlying [`StructArray`] backing the zone map
-    pub fn array(&self) -> &StructArray {
-        &self.array
-    }
+    /// Apply a pruning predicate to this zone map.
+    ///
+    /// `predicate` should be the result of converting a filter with
+    /// [`checked_pruning_expr`]. The returned mask has one value per zone, where
+    /// `true` means the zone cannot contain matching rows and can be skipped.
+    ///
+    /// If the predicate contains [`row_count`][vortex_array::scalar_fn::internal::row_count]
+    /// placeholders, they are replaced after [`ArrayRef::apply`] with per-zone
+    /// counts derived from `zone_len` and `row_count`. Uniform zones use a
+    /// [`ConstantArray`]; a short final zone uses a run-end encoded array.
+    ///
+    /// [`checked_pruning_expr`]: vortex_array::expr::pruning::checked_pruning_expr
+    pub fn prune(&self, predicate: &Expression, session: &VortexSession) -> VortexResult<Mask> {
+        let mut ctx = session.create_execution_ctx();
+        let num_zones = self.array.len();
 
-    /// Returns the list of stats included in the zone map.
-    pub fn present_stats(&self) -> &Arc<[Stat]> {
-        &self.stats
-    }
+        let applied = self.array.clone().into_array().apply(predicate)?;
 
-    /// Returns an aggregated stats set for the table.
-    pub fn to_stats_set(&self, stats: &[Stat], ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx) -> VortexResult<StatsSet> {
-        let mut stats_set = StatsSet::default();
-        for &stat in stats {
-            let Some(array) = self.get_stat(stat)? else {
-                continue;
-            };
-
-            // Different stats need different aggregations
-            match stat {
-                // For stats that are associative, we can just compute them over the stat column
-                Stat::Min | Stat::Max | Stat::Sum => {
-                    if let Some(s) = array.statistics().compute_stat(stat, ctx)?
-                        && let Some(v) = s.into_value()
-                    {
-                        stats_set.set(stat, Precision::exact(v))
-                    }
-                }
-                // These stats sum up
-                Stat::NullCount | Stat::NaNCount | Stat::UncompressedSizeInBytes => {
-                    if let Some(sum_value) = sum(&array, ctx)?
-                        .cast(&DType::Primitive(PType::U64, Nullability::Nullable))?
-                        .into_value()
-                    {
-                        stats_set.set(stat, Precision::exact(sum_value));
-                    }
-                }
-                // We could implement these aggregations in the future, but for now they're unused
-                Stat::IsConstant | Stat::IsSorted | Stat::IsStrictSorted => {}
-            }
+        if num_zones == 0 || !contains_row_count(&applied) {
+            return applied.execute::<Mask>(&mut ctx);
         }
-        Ok(stats_set)
+
+        let row_count_array = row_count_array(self.zone_len, self.row_count, num_zones, &mut ctx)?;
+        let substituted = substitute_row_count(applied, &row_count_array)?;
+        substituted.execute::<Mask>(&mut ctx)
     }
+}
 
-    /// Returns the array for a given stat.
-    pub fn get_stat(&self, stat: Stat) -> VortexResult<Option<ArrayRef>> {
-        Ok(self.array.unmasked_field_by_name_opt(stat.name()).cloned())
+/// Build per-zone row counts for a zone map.
+///
+/// `zone_len` is the nominal zone size; only the final zone may be shorter. The
+/// result is a [`ConstantArray`] for uniform zone sizes, otherwise a two-run
+/// run-end encoded array whose trailing run carries the final zone length.
+fn row_count_array(
+    zone_len: u64,
+    row_count: u64,
+    num_zones: usize,
+    ctx: &mut ExecutionCtx,
+) -> VortexResult<ArrayRef> {
+    let last_zone_len = row_count - zone_len.saturating_mul((num_zones as u64) - 1);
+    if num_zones == 1 || last_zone_len == zone_len {
+        return Ok(ConstantArray::new(last_zone_len, num_zones).into_array());
     }
 
-    /// Apply a pruning predicate against the ZoneMap, yielding a mask indicating which zones can
-    /// be pruned.
-    ///
-    /// The expression provided should be the result of converting an existing `VortexExpr` via
-    /// [`checked_pruning_expr`][vortex_array::expr::pruning::checked_pruning_expr] into a prunable
-    /// expression that can be evaluated on a zone map.
-    ///
-    /// All zones where the predicate evaluates to `true` can be skipped entirely.
-    pub fn prune(&self, predicate: &Expression, session: &VortexSession) -> VortexResult<Mask> {
-        let mut ctx = session.create_execution_ctx();
-        self.array
-            .clone()
-            .into_array()
-            .apply(predicate)?
-            .execute::<Mask>(&mut ctx)
+    let ends = unsafe {
+        PrimitiveArray::new_unchecked(
+            buffer![num_zones as u64 - 1, num_zones as u64],
+            Validity::NonNullable,
+        )
+    }
+    .into_array();
+    let values = unsafe {
+        PrimitiveArray::new_unchecked(buffer![zone_len, last_zone_len], Validity::NonNullable)
     }
+    .into_array();
+
+    // SAFETY: `ends` are strictly increasing, terminate at `num_zones`, and align one-to-one
+    // with the non-null run values.
+    Ok(unsafe { RunEnd::new_unchecked(ends, values, 0, num_zones, ctx) }.into_array())
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -155,6 +156,7 @@ mod tests {
     use vortex_array::dtype::PType;
     use vortex_array::expr::gt;
     use vortex_array::expr::gt_eq;
+    use vortex_array::expr::is_not_null;
     use vortex_array::expr::lit;
     use vortex_array::expr::lt;
     use vortex_array::expr::pruning::checked_pruning_expr;
@@ -207,6 +209,8 @@ mod tests {
             ])
             .unwrap(),
             Arc::new([Stat::Max, Stat::Min]),
+            3,
+            10,
         )
         .unwrap();
 
@@ -237,4 +241,59 @@ mod tests {
         let mask = zone_map.prune(&pruning_expr, &SESSION).unwrap();
         assert_arrays_eq!(mask.into_array(), BoolArray::from_iter([false, true, true]));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn row_count_prunes_short_trailing_zone() {
+        let zone_map = ZoneMap::try_new(
+            PType::U64.into(),
+            StructArray::from_fields(&[(
+                "null_count",
+                PrimitiveArray::new(buffer![0u64, 0, 2], Validity::AllValid).into_array(),
+            )])
+            .unwrap(),
+            Arc::new([Stat::NullCount]),
+            4,
+            10,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let available_stats =
+            FieldPathSet::from_iter([FieldPath::from_iter([Stat::NullCount.name().into()])]);
+        let expr = is_not_null(root());
+        let (pruning_expr, _) = checked_pruning_expr(&expr, &available_stats).unwrap();
+
+        let mask = zone_map.prune(&pruning_expr, &SESSION).unwrap();
+        assert_arrays_eq!(
+            mask.into_array(),
+            BoolArray::from_iter([false, false, true])
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn row_count_prunes_all_null_uniform_zones() {
+        let zone_map = ZoneMap::try_new(
+            PType::U64.into(),
+            StructArray::from_fields(&[(
+                "null_count",
+                PrimitiveArray::new(buffer![0u64, 4, 0], Validity::AllValid).into_array(),
+            )])
+            .unwrap(),
+            Arc::new([Stat::NullCount]),
+            4,
+            12,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let available_stats =
+            FieldPathSet::from_iter([FieldPath::from_iter([Stat::NullCount.name().into()])]);
+        let expr = is_not_null(root());
+        let (pruning_expr, _) = checked_pruning_expr(&expr, &available_stats).unwrap();
+
+        // All three zones have length 4 (total rows = 12).
+        let mask = zone_map.prune(&pruning_expr, &SESSION).unwrap();
+        assert_arrays_eq!(
+            mask.into_array(),
+            BoolArray::from_iter([false, true, false])
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/vortex-layout/src/session.rs b/vortex-layout/src/session.rs
index 131115950e4..370fe391ca0 100644
--- a/vortex-layout/src/session.rs
+++ b/vortex-layout/src/session.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright the Vortex contributors
 
+use std::any::Any;
+
 use vortex_session::Ref;
 use vortex_session::SessionExt;
+use vortex_session::SessionVar;
 use vortex_session::registry::Registry;
 
 use crate::LayoutEncodingRef;
@@ -54,6 +57,15 @@ impl Default for LayoutSession {
     }
 }
 
+impl SessionVar for LayoutSession {
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
 /// Extension trait for accessing layout session data.
 pub trait LayoutSessionExt: SessionExt {
     /// Returns the layout encoding registry.
diff --git a/vortex-python/python/vortex/ray/datasource.py b/vortex-python/python/vortex/ray/datasource.py
index b3516490026..966c33b3eaf 100644
--- a/vortex-python/python/vortex/ray/datasource.py
+++ b/vortex-python/python/vortex/ray/datasource.py
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ def _read_task(
         num_rows=num_rows,
         size_bytes=None,
         exec_stats=None,
-        input_files=paths,
+        input_files=tuple(paths),
     )
 
     def read() -> Iterable[pandas.DataFrame]:
diff --git a/vortex-python/test/test_datasource.py b/vortex-python/test/test_datasource.py
index eece2e7e7de..fc7fc0f492c 100644
--- a/vortex-python/test/test_datasource.py
+++ b/vortex-python/test/test_datasource.py
@@ -14,13 +14,15 @@
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="module")
 def ray_init():
-    # https://github.com/ray-project/ray/issues/53848#issuecomment-3056271943
-    ray.init(  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
-        runtime_env={
-            "working_dir": None,
-            "excludes": [".git", ".venv"],
-        }
-    )
+    # Ray's uv_runtime_env_hook would auto-upload the working directory to
+    # workers, but vortex-python's compiled _lib extension exceeds Ray's
+    # 512 MiB upload limit. Disable the hook for these local-mode tests.
+    # (Ray 2.55 added a string-type validation that broke the previous
+    # `working_dir: None` workaround from ray-project/ray#53848.)
+    import ray._private.ray_constants as ray_constants
+
+    ray_constants.RAY_ENABLE_UV_RUN_RUNTIME_ENV = False
+    _ = ray.init()  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
     yield None
     ray.shutdown()  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
 
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ def test_vortex_datasource(ray_init, tmpdir_factory):  # pyright: ignore[reportU
     # Without an explicit sort, Ray may reorder rows *even within a single record batch*.
     ds = ds.sort("index")
 
-    tbl = pa.concat_tables(pa.Table.from_pydict(x) for x in ds.iter_batches())  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+    tbl = pa.concat_tables(pa.Table.from_pydict(x) for x in ds.iter_batches())  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType, reportUnknownMemberType, reportUnknownVariableType]
     expected = pa.Table.from_pylist([record(x) for x in range(0, 10)], schema=tbl.schema)
 
     assert tbl == expected
diff --git a/vortex-session/public-api.lock b/vortex-session/public-api.lock
index a63e955f77a..fc1d6c0d421 100644
--- a/vortex-session/public-api.lock
+++ b/vortex-session/public-api.lock
@@ -239,9 +239,3 @@ pub trait vortex_session::SessionVar: core::any::Any + core::marker::Send + core
 pub fn vortex_session::SessionVar::as_any(&self) -> &dyn core::any::Any
 
 pub fn vortex_session::SessionVar::as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn core::any::Any
-
-impl<T: core::marker::Send + core::marker::Sync + core::fmt::Debug + 'static> vortex_session::SessionVar for T
-
-pub fn T::as_any(&self) -> &dyn core::any::Any
-
-pub fn T::as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn core::any::Any
diff --git a/vortex-session/src/lib.rs b/vortex-session/src/lib.rs
index 146d8390ac9..baa5f0ef126 100644
--- a/vortex-session/src/lib.rs
+++ b/vortex-session/src/lib.rs
@@ -83,6 +83,16 @@ struct UnknownPluginPolicy {
     allow_unknown: bool,
 }
 
+impl SessionVar for UnknownPluginPolicy {
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
 /// Trait for accessing and modifying the state of a Vortex session.
 pub trait SessionExt: Sized + private::Sealed {
     /// Returns the [`VortexSession`].
@@ -208,21 +218,13 @@ impl Hasher for IdHasher {
 }
 
 /// This trait defines variables that can be stored against a Vortex session.
+///
+/// Users should implement this trait for anything that you want to store on a `VortexSession`.
 pub trait SessionVar: Any + Send + Sync + Debug + 'static {
     fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any;
     fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any;
 }
 
-impl<T: Send + Sync + Debug + 'static> SessionVar for T {
-    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
-        self
-    }
-
-    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any {
-        self
-    }
-}
-
 // NOTE(ngates): we don't want to expose that the internals of a session is a DashMap, so we have
 // our own wrapped Ref type.
 pub struct Ref<'a, T>(dashmap::mapref::one::MappedRef<'a, TypeId, Box<dyn SessionVar>, T>);
diff --git a/vortex-web/eslint.config.ts b/vortex-web/eslint.config.ts
index ecc2fe28df0..8c6a8e00920 100644
--- a/vortex-web/eslint.config.ts
+++ b/vortex-web/eslint.config.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ export default tseslint.config({ ignores: ["dist", "storybook-static"] }, {
     "react-refresh": reactRefresh,
   },
   rules: {
-    ...reactHooks.configs.recommended.rules,
+    "react-hooks/rules-of-hooks": "error",
+    "react-hooks/exhaustive-deps": "warn",
     "react-refresh/only-export-components": [
       "warn",
       { allowConstantExport: true },
diff --git a/vortex-web/package-lock.json b/vortex-web/package-lock.json
index 2dccff8bdd4..53ccf765e89 100644
--- a/vortex-web/package-lock.json
+++ b/vortex-web/package-lock.json
@@ -16,26 +16,26 @@
         "react-dom": "^19.1.0"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
-        "@eslint/js": "^9.25.0",
-        "@storybook/addon-docs": "^10.3.3",
-        "@storybook/react-vite": "^10.3.3",
-        "@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.1.4",
+        "@eslint/js": "^10.0.1",
+        "@storybook/addon-docs": "^10.3.5",
+        "@storybook/react-vite": "^10.3.5",
+        "@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.2.4",
         "@types/d3-hierarchy": "^3.1.7",
-        "@types/react": "^19.1.2",
-        "@types/react-dom": "^19.1.2",
-        "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.4.1",
-        "eslint": "^9.25.0",
+        "@types/react": "^19.2.14",
+        "@types/react-dom": "^19.2.3",
+        "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^6.0.1",
+        "eslint": "^10.2.1",
         "eslint-config-prettier": "^10.1.8",
-        "eslint-plugin-react-hooks": "^5.2.0",
-        "eslint-plugin-react-refresh": "^0.5.0",
-        "eslint-plugin-storybook": "^10.3.3",
-        "globals": "^16.0.0",
-        "prettier": "^3.8.1",
-        "storybook": "^10.3.3",
-        "tailwindcss": "^4.1.4",
+        "eslint-plugin-react-hooks": "^7.1.1",
+        "eslint-plugin-react-refresh": "^0.5.2",
+        "eslint-plugin-storybook": "^10.3.5",
+        "globals": "^17.5.0",
+        "prettier": "^3.8.3",
+        "storybook": "^10.3.5",
+        "tailwindcss": "^4.2.4",
         "typescript": "~6.0.0",
-        "typescript-eslint": "^8.30.1",
-        "vite": "^6.3.2"
+        "typescript-eslint": "^8.59.0",
+        "vite": "^8.0.10"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@adobe/css-tools": {
@@ -177,16 +177,6 @@
         "@babel/core": "^7.0.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@babel/helper-plugin-utils": {
-      "version": "7.28.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-plugin-utils/-/helper-plugin-utils-7.28.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-S9gzZ/bz83GRysI7gAD4wPT/AI3uCnY+9xn+Mx/KPs2JwHJIz1W8PZkg2cqyt3RNOBM8ejcXhV6y8Og7ly/Dug==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=6.9.0"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/@babel/helper-string-parser": {
       "version": "7.27.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-string-parser/-/helper-string-parser-7.27.1.tgz",
@@ -247,38 +237,6 @@
         "node": ">=6.0.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@babel/plugin-transform-react-jsx-self": {
-      "version": "7.27.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/plugin-transform-react-jsx-self/-/plugin-transform-react-jsx-self-7.27.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-6UzkCs+ejGdZ5mFFC/OCUrv028ab2fp1znZmCZjAOBKiBK2jXD1O+BPSfX8X2qjJ75fZBMSnQn3Rq2mrBJK2mw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/helper-plugin-utils": "^7.27.1"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=6.9.0"
-      },
-      "peerDependencies": {
-        "@babel/core": "^7.0.0-0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@babel/plugin-transform-react-jsx-source": {
-      "version": "7.27.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/plugin-transform-react-jsx-source/-/plugin-transform-react-jsx-source-7.27.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-zbwoTsBruTeKB9hSq73ha66iFeJHuaFkUbwvqElnygoNbj/jHRsSeokowZFN3CZ64IvEqcmmkVe89OPXc7ldAw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@babel/helper-plugin-utils": "^7.27.1"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=6.9.0"
-      },
-      "peerDependencies": {
-        "@babel/core": "^7.0.0-0"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/@babel/runtime": {
       "version": "7.29.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/runtime/-/runtime-7.29.2.tgz",
@@ -338,6 +296,40 @@
         "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@emnapi/core": {
+      "version": "1.10.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@emnapi/core/-/core-1.10.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-yq6OkJ4p82CAfPl0u9mQebQHKPJkY7WrIuk205cTYnYe+k2Z8YBh11FrbRG/H6ihirqcacOgl2BIO8oyMQLeXw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@emnapi/wasi-threads": "1.2.1",
+        "tslib": "^2.4.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@emnapi/runtime": {
+      "version": "1.10.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@emnapi/runtime/-/runtime-1.10.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ewvYlk86xUoGI0zQRNq/mC+16R1QeDlKQy21Ki3oSYXNgLb45GV1P6A0M+/s6nyCuNDqe5VpaY84BzXGwVbwFA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "tslib": "^2.4.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@emnapi/wasi-threads": {
+      "version": "1.2.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@emnapi/wasi-threads/-/wasi-threads-1.2.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-uTII7OYF+/Mes/MrcIOYp5yOtSMLBWSIoLPpcgwipoiKbli6k322tcoFsxoIIxPDqW01SQGAgko4EzZi2BNv2w==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "tslib": "^2.4.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@esbuild/aix-ppc64": {
       "version": "0.27.7",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/aix-ppc64/-/aix-ppc64-0.27.7.tgz",
@@ -823,118 +815,89 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@eslint/config-array": {
-      "version": "0.21.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/config-array/-/config-array-0.21.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-nJl2KGTlrf9GjLimgIru+V/mzgSK0ABCDQRvxw5BjURL7WfH5uoWmizbH7QB6MmnMBd8cIC9uceWnezL1VZWWw==",
+      "version": "0.23.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/config-array/-/config-array-0.23.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Y3kKLvC1dvTOT+oGlqNQ1XLqK6D1HU2YXPc52NmAlJZbMMWDzGYXMiPRJ8TYD39muD/OTjlZmNJ4ib7dvSrMBA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@eslint/object-schema": "^2.1.7",
+        "@eslint/object-schema": "^3.0.5",
         "debug": "^4.3.1",
-        "minimatch": "^3.1.5"
+        "minimatch": "^10.2.4"
       },
       "engines": {
-        "node": "^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0"
+        "node": "^20.19.0 || ^22.13.0 || >=24"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@eslint/config-helpers": {
-      "version": "0.4.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/config-helpers/-/config-helpers-0.4.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-gBrxN88gOIf3R7ja5K9slwNayVcZgK6SOUORm2uBzTeIEfeVaIhOpCtTox3P6R7o2jLFwLFTLnC7kU/RGcYEgw==",
+      "version": "0.5.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/config-helpers/-/config-helpers-0.5.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-eIJYKTCECbP/nsKaaruF6LW967mtbQbsw4JTtSVkUQc9MneSkbrgPJAbKl9nWr0ZeowV8BfsarBmPpBzGelA2w==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@eslint/core": "^0.17.0"
+        "@eslint/core": "^1.2.1"
       },
       "engines": {
-        "node": "^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0"
+        "node": "^20.19.0 || ^22.13.0 || >=24"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@eslint/core": {
-      "version": "0.17.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/core/-/core-0.17.0.tgz",
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-        "@esbuild/android-x64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/darwin-arm64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/darwin-x64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/freebsd-arm64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/freebsd-x64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/linux-arm": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/linux-arm64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/linux-ia32": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/linux-loong64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/linux-mips64el": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/linux-ppc64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/linux-riscv64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/linux-s390x": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/linux-x64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/netbsd-arm64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/netbsd-x64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/openbsd-arm64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/openbsd-x64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/openharmony-arm64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/sunos-x64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/win32-arm64": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/win32-ia32": "0.25.12",
-        "@esbuild/win32-x64": "0.25.12"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/webpack-virtual-modules": {
       "version": "0.6.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/webpack-virtual-modules/-/webpack-virtual-modules-0.6.2.tgz",
@@ -6042,6 +5290,29 @@
       "funding": {
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
       }
+    },
+    "node_modules/zod": {
+      "version": "4.3.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zod/-/zod-4.3.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-rftlrkhHZOcjDwkGlnUtZZkvaPHCsDATp4pGpuOOMDaTdDDXF91wuVDJoWoPsKX/3YPQ5fHuF3STjcYyKr+Qhg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/colinhacks"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/zod-validation-error": {
+      "version": "4.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zod-validation-error/-/zod-validation-error-4.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Q6/nZLe6jxuU80qb/4uJ4t5v2VEZ44lzQjPDhYJNztRQ4wyWc6VF3D3Kb/fAuPetZQnhS3hnajCf9CsWesghLQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "zod": "^3.25.0 || ^4.0.0"
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/vortex-web/package.json b/vortex-web/package.json
index b0b1d825faa..9f21562641d 100644
--- a/vortex-web/package.json
+++ b/vortex-web/package.json
@@ -27,25 +27,25 @@
     "react-dom": "^19.1.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@eslint/js": "^9.25.0",
-    "@storybook/addon-docs": "^10.3.3",
-    "@storybook/react-vite": "^10.3.3",
-    "@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.1.4",
+    "@eslint/js": "^10.0.1",
+    "@storybook/addon-docs": "^10.3.5",
+    "@storybook/react-vite": "^10.3.5",
+    "@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.2.4",
     "@types/d3-hierarchy": "^3.1.7",
-    "@types/react": "^19.1.2",
-    "@types/react-dom": "^19.1.2",
-    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.4.1",
-    "eslint": "^9.25.0",
+    "@types/react": "^19.2.14",
+    "@types/react-dom": "^19.2.3",
+    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^6.0.1",
+    "eslint": "^10.2.1",
     "eslint-config-prettier": "^10.1.8",
-    "eslint-plugin-react-hooks": "^5.2.0",
-    "eslint-plugin-react-refresh": "^0.5.0",
-    "eslint-plugin-storybook": "^10.3.3",
-    "globals": "^16.0.0",
-    "prettier": "^3.8.1",
-    "storybook": "^10.3.3",
-    "tailwindcss": "^4.1.4",
+    "eslint-plugin-react-hooks": "^7.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-react-refresh": "^0.5.2",
+    "eslint-plugin-storybook": "^10.3.5",
+    "globals": "^17.5.0",
+    "prettier": "^3.8.3",
+    "storybook": "^10.3.5",
+    "tailwindcss": "^4.2.4",
     "typescript": "~6.0.0",
-    "typescript-eslint": "^8.30.1",
-    "vite": "^6.3.2"
+    "typescript-eslint": "^8.59.0",
+    "vite": "^8.0.10"
   }
 }