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#LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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Java的基础语法
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附录增加一个quick reference card
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\begin_layout Section
变量和变量的命名
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\begin_layout Standard
Java语言中变量的概念和C语言完全一致，这里不再赘述。所不同的是，C语言中一般使用下划线分隔开多个单词，而在Java中，我们一般使用“驼式命名法
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驼式命名法
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”（Camel Case Name）来给变量起名字，如
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reference "fig:驼峰命名法"
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所示，多个单词构成了一个变量，除第一个单词之外，其他单词的第一个字母大写。大写的字母很像隆起的驼峰，因此此种命名法被形象的称之为“驼式命名法”。
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驼式命名法
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\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
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是常见的C语言变量
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摘自Linux内核源代码
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和Java语言变量的对照，也是优秀变量命名的典范：
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C中的常见变量
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Java中的变量表示方法
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boot_info
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bootInfo
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cmdline_boot_cpuid
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cmdlineBootCpuid
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time_attrs
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timeAttrs
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lookup_flags
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lookupFlag
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C语言的变量和Java语言变量对照表
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name "tab:C语言的变量和Java语言变量对照表"
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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合理的变量命名能够加强代码的可读性，减轻团队沟通的压力，软件后期的维护压力也会缓解。从一开始就要
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有意识的培养合理命名变量的习惯
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。善于合理的命名变量也是一种能力，这种能力不会从天上掉下来，只有多阅读优秀的代码，注意学习高手的编程思路和变量命名习惯，在平时的练习中坚持给变量合理的命名，才能
逐步培养这种能力。本书坚持以合理的变量命名方式给出示例程序，希望通过此种方式让初学者在
\begin_inset Flex Strong
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潜移默化
\end_layout
\end_inset
中获得这种能力。
\begin_inset Note Note
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关于C中的__file这样的变量命名，有必要在这里说道一下吗？
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
常量和常量的命名
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\begin_layout Standard
常量是一种特殊的变量：其值不允许改变的变量。在C语言中，我们一般使用全大写字母表示常量，Java也完全遵守这一通用规则。所不同的是，Java语言中的常量通常使用
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final
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final static
\begin_inset Index idx
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static
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进行联合修饰：final表示不可修改，static表示类变量，即所有对象共享一个此常量的备份。显然，对于常量而言，这样的修饰是十分合理和必要的，举例
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摘自openjdk源代码：
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http://hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk8/jdk8/jdk/file/687fd7c7986d/src/share/classes/java/l
ang/Shutdown.java
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：
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/* Shutdown state */
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public static final int RUNNING = 0;
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public static final int HOOKS = 1;
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请暂时忽略例子中的public，我们将在
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深入学习public的用法。
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我们将在
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深入学习static的用法，这里可以简单理解为和C语言中的static用法类似：在C语言中，static变量表示变量位于静态存储区，因此可以在函数之间共享此变量
。在Java中使用static修饰变量其实用意很相似：static变量在多个对象中只保存一份，即static变量的目的是
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在多个对象中共享变量
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。
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\begin_layout Section
简单数据类型
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Java的
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简单数据类型
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简单数据类型（又称为基本数据类型）和C语言几乎完全一致，如
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tablename
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所示。
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<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="5">
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类别
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类型
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字节数
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取值范围
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举例
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
整数类型
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
byte
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
1
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-128～127
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
(-2
\begin_inset script superscript
\begin_layout Plain Layout
7
\end_layout
\end_inset
～2
\begin_inset script superscript
\begin_layout Plain Layout
7
\end_layout
\end_inset
-1)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align left
byte minor;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align left
byte[] image;
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell multirow="4" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
short
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
2
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-32768～32767
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-2
\begin_inset script superscript
\begin_layout Plain Layout
15
\end_layout
\end_inset
～2
\begin_inset script superscript
\begin_layout Plain Layout
15
\end_layout
\end_inset
-1
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align left
short state;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align left
short index = indexArray[i];
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell multirow="4" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
int
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
4
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-2147483648～2147483647
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-2
\begin_inset script superscript
\begin_layout Plain Layout
31
\end_layout
\end_inset
～2
\begin_inset script superscript
\begin_layout Plain Layout
31
\end_layout
\end_inset
-1
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align left
int searchOffset;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align left
int nextComma;
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell multirow="4" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
long
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
8
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-2
\begin_inset script superscript
\begin_layout Plain Layout
63
\end_layout
\end_inset
～2
\begin_inset script superscript
\begin_layout Plain Layout
63
\end_layout
\end_inset
-1
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align left
long timeout;
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align left
long remaining = 100L;
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell multirow="3" alignment="left" valignment="middle" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text