/*

** 2008 November 05

**

** The author disclaims copyright to this source code. In place of

** a legal notice, here is a blessing:

**

** May you do good and not evil.

** May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.

** May you share freely, never taking more than you give.

**

*************************************************************************

**

** This file implements the default page cache implementation (the

** sqlite3_pcache interface). It also contains part of the implementation

** of the SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE and sqlite3_release_memory() features.

** If the default page cache implementation is overridden, then neither of

** these two features are available.

**

** A Page cache line looks like this:

**

** -------------------------------------------------------------

** | database page content | PgHdr1 | MemPage | PgHdr |

** -------------------------------------------------------------

**

** The database page content is up front (so that buffer overreads tend to

** flow harmlessly into the PgHdr1, MemPage, and PgHdr extensions). MemPage

** is the extension added by the btree.c module containing information such

** as the database page number and how that database page is used. PgHdr

** is added by the pcache.c layer and contains information used to keep track

** of which pages are "dirty". PgHdr1 is an extension added by this

** module (pcache1.c). The PgHdr1 header is a subclass of sqlite3_pcache_page.

** PgHdr1 contains information needed to look up a page by its page number.

** The superclass sqlite3_pcache_page.pBuf points to the start of the

** database page content and sqlite3_pcache_page.pExtra points to PgHdr.

**

** The size of the extension (MemPage+PgHdr+PgHdr1) can be determined at

** runtime using sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ, &size). The

** sizes of the extensions sum to 272 bytes on x64 for 3.8.10, but this

** size can vary according to architecture, compile-time options, and

** SQLite library version number.

**

** If SQLITE_PCACHE_SEPARATE_HEADER is defined, then the extension is obtained

** using a separate memory allocation from the database page content. This

** seeks to overcome the "clownshoe" problem (also called "internal

** fragmentation" in academic literature) of allocating a few bytes more

** than a power of two with the memory allocator rounding up to the next

** power of two, and leaving the rounded-up space unused.

**

** This module tracks pointers to PgHdr1 objects. Only pcache.c communicates

** with this module. Information is passed back and forth as PgHdr1 pointers.

**

** The pcache.c and pager.c modules deal pointers to PgHdr objects.

** The btree.c module deals with pointers to MemPage objects.

**

** SOURCE OF PAGE CACHE MEMORY:

**

** Memory for a page might come from any of three sources:

**

** (1) The general-purpose memory allocator - sqlite3Malloc()

** (2) Global page-cache memory provided using sqlite3_config() with

** SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE.

** (3) PCache-local bulk allocation.

**

** The third case is a chunk of heap memory (defaulting to 100 pages worth)

** that is allocated when the page cache is created. The size of the local

** bulk allocation can be adjusted using

**

** sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE, (void*)0, 0, N).

**

** If N is positive, then N pages worth of memory are allocated using a single

** sqlite3Malloc() call and that memory is used for the first N pages allocated.

** Or if N is negative, then -1024*N bytes of memory are allocated and used

** for as many pages as can be accomodated.

**

** Only one of (2) or (3) can be used. Once the memory available to (2) or

** (3) is exhausted, subsequent allocations fail over to the general-purpose

** memory allocator (1).

**

** Earlier versions of SQLite used only methods (1) and (2). But experiments

** show that method (3) with N==100 provides about a 5% performance boost for

** common workloads.

*/

#include "sqliteInt.h"

typedef struct PCache1 PCache1;

typedef struct PgHdr1 PgHdr1;

typedef struct PgFreeslot PgFreeslot;

typedef struct PGroup PGroup;

/*

** Each cache entry is represented by an instance of the following

** structure. Unless SQLITE_PCACHE_SEPARATE_HEADER is defined, a buffer of

** PgHdr1.pCache->szPage bytes is allocated directly before this structure

** in memory.

**

** Note: Variables isBulkLocal and isAnchor were once type "u8". That works,

** but causes a 2-byte gap in the structure for most architectures (since

** pointers must be either 4 or 8-byte aligned). As this structure is located

** in memory directly after the associated page data, if the database is

** corrupt, code at the b-tree layer may overread the page buffer and

** read part of this structure before the corruption is detected. This

** can cause a valgrind error if the unitialized gap is accessed. Using u16

** ensures there is no such gap, and therefore no bytes of unitialized memory

** in the structure.

*/

struct PgHdr1 {

sqlite3_pcache_page page; /* Base class. Must be first. pBuf & pExtra */

unsigned int iKey; /* Key value (page number) */

u16 isBulkLocal; /* This page from bulk local storage */

u16 isAnchor; /* This is the PGroup.lru element */

PgHdr1 *pNext; /* Next in hash table chain */

PCache1 *pCache; /* Cache that currently owns this page */

PgHdr1 *pLruNext; /* Next in LRU list of unpinned pages */

PgHdr1 *pLruPrev; /* Previous in LRU list of unpinned pages */

/* NB: pLruPrev is only valid if pLruNext!=0 */

};

/*

** A page is pinned if it is not on the LRU list. To be "pinned" means

** that the page is in active use and must not be deallocated.

*/

#define PAGE_IS_PINNED(p) ((p)->pLruNext==0)

#define PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(p) ((p)->pLruNext!=0)

/* Each page cache (or PCache) belongs to a PGroup. A PGroup is a set

** of one or more PCaches that are able to recycle each other's unpinned

** pages when they are under memory pressure. A PGroup is an instance of

** the following object.

**

** This page cache implementation works in one of two modes:

**

** (1) Every PCache is the sole member of its own PGroup. There is

** one PGroup per PCache.

**

** (2) There is a single global PGroup that all PCaches are a member

** of.

**

** Mode 1 uses more memory (since PCache instances are not able to rob

** unused pages from other PCaches) but it also operates without a mutex,

** and is therefore often faster. Mode 2 requires a mutex in order to be

** threadsafe, but recycles pages more efficiently.

**

** For mode (1), PGroup.mutex is NULL. For mode (2) there is only a single

** PGroup which is the pcache1.grp global variable and its mutex is

** SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU.

*/

struct PGroup {

sqlite3_mutex *mutex; /* MUTEX_STATIC_LRU or NULL */

unsigned int nMaxPage; /* Sum of nMax for purgeable caches */

unsigned int nMinPage; /* Sum of nMin for purgeable caches */

unsigned int mxPinned; /* nMaxpage + 10 - nMinPage */

unsigned int nPurgeable; /* Number of purgeable pages allocated */

PgHdr1 lru; /* The beginning and end of the LRU list */

};

/* Each page cache is an instance of the following object. Every

** open database file (including each in-memory database and each

** temporary or transient database) has a single page cache which

** is an instance of this object.

**

** Pointers to structures of this type are cast and returned as

** opaque sqlite3_pcache* handles.

*/

struct PCache1 {

/* Cache configuration parameters. Page size (szPage) and the purgeable

** flag (bPurgeable) and the pnPurgeable pointer are all set when the

** cache is created and are never changed thereafter. nMax may be

** modified at any time by a call to the pcache1Cachesize() method.

** The PGroup mutex must be held when accessing nMax.

*/

PGroup *pGroup; /* PGroup this cache belongs to */

unsigned int *pnPurgeable; /* Pointer to pGroup->nPurgeable */

int szPage; /* Size of database content section */

int szExtra; /* sizeof(MemPage)+sizeof(PgHdr) */

int szAlloc; /* Total size of one pcache line */

int bPurgeable; /* True if cache is purgeable */

unsigned int nMin; /* Minimum number of pages reserved */

unsigned int nMax; /* Configured "cache_size" value */

unsigned int n90pct; /* nMax*9/10 */

unsigned int iMaxKey; /* Largest key seen since xTruncate() */

unsigned int nPurgeableDummy; /* pnPurgeable points here when not used*/

/* Hash table of all pages. The following variables may only be accessed

** when the accessor is holding the PGroup mutex.

*/

unsigned int nRecyclable; /* Number of pages in the LRU list */

unsigned int nPage; /* Total number of pages in apHash */

unsigned int nHash; /* Number of slots in apHash[] */

PgHdr1 **apHash; /* Hash table for fast lookup by key */

PgHdr1 *pFree; /* List of unused pcache-local pages */

void *pBulk; /* Bulk memory used by pcache-local */

};

/*

** Free slots in the allocator used to divide up the global page cache

** buffer provided using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE mechanism.

*/

struct PgFreeslot {

PgFreeslot *pNext; /* Next free slot */

};

/*

** Global data used by this cache.

*/

static SQLITE_WSD struct PCacheGlobal {

PGroup grp; /* The global PGroup for mode (2) */

/* Variables related to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE settings. The

** szSlot, nSlot, pStart, pEnd, nReserve, and isInit values are all

** fixed at sqlite3_initialize() time and do not require mutex protection.

** The nFreeSlot and pFree values do require mutex protection.

*/

int isInit; /* True if initialized */

int separateCache; /* Use a new PGroup for each PCache */

int nInitPage; /* Initial bulk allocation size */

int szSlot; /* Size of each free slot */

int nSlot; /* The number of pcache slots */

int nReserve; /* Try to keep nFreeSlot above this */

void *pStart, *pEnd; /* Bounds of global page cache memory */

/* Above requires no mutex. Use mutex below for variable that follow. */

sqlite3_mutex *mutex; /* Mutex for accessing the following: */

PgFreeslot *pFree; /* Free page blocks */

int nFreeSlot; /* Number of unused pcache slots */

/* The following value requires a mutex to change. We skip the mutex on

** reading because (1) most platforms read a 32-bit integer atomically and

** (2) even if an incorrect value is read, no great harm is done since this

** is really just an optimization. */

int bUnderPressure; /* True if low on PAGECACHE memory */

} pcache1_g;

/*

** All code in this file should access the global structure above via the

** alias "pcache1". This ensures that the WSD emulation is used when

** compiling for systems that do not support real WSD.

*/

#define pcache1 (GLOBAL(struct PCacheGlobal, pcache1_g))

/*

** Macros to enter and leave the PCache LRU mutex.

*/

#if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT) || SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0

# define pcache1EnterMutex(X) assert((X)->mutex==0)

# define pcache1LeaveMutex(X) assert((X)->mutex==0)

# define PCACHE1_MIGHT_USE_GROUP_MUTEX 0

#else

# define pcache1EnterMutex(X) sqlite3_mutex_enter((X)->mutex)

# define pcache1LeaveMutex(X) sqlite3_mutex_leave((X)->mutex)

# define PCACHE1_MIGHT_USE_GROUP_MUTEX 1

#endif

/******************************************************************************/

/******** Page Allocation/SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE Related Functions **************/

/*

** This function is called during initialization if a static buffer is

** supplied to use for the page-cache by passing the SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE

** verb to sqlite3_config(). Parameter pBuf points to an allocation large

** enough to contain 'n' buffers of 'sz' bytes each.

**

** This routine is called from sqlite3_initialize() and so it is guaranteed

** to be serialized already. There is no need for further mutexing.

*/

void sqlite3PCacheBufferSetup(void *pBuf, int sz, int n){

if( pcache1.isInit ){

PgFreeslot *p;

if( pBuf==0 ) sz = n = 0;

if( n==0 ) sz = 0;

sz = ROUNDDOWN8(sz);

pcache1.szSlot = sz;

pcache1.nSlot = pcache1.nFreeSlot = n;

pcache1.nReserve = n>90 ? 10 : (n/10 + 1);

pcache1.pStart = pBuf;

pcache1.pFree = 0;

pcache1.bUnderPressure = 0;

while( n-- ){

p = (PgFreeslot*)pBuf;

p->pNext = pcache1.pFree;

pcache1.pFree = p;

pBuf = (void*)&((char*)pBuf)[sz];

}

pcache1.pEnd = pBuf;

}

}

/*

** Try to initialize the pCache->pFree and pCache->pBulk fields. Return

** true if pCache->pFree ends up containing one or more free pages.

*/

static int pcache1InitBulk(PCache1 *pCache){

i64 szBulk;

char *zBulk;

if( pcache1.nInitPage==0 ) return 0;

/* Do not bother with a bulk allocation if the cache size very small */

if( pCache->nMax<3 ) return 0;

sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();

if( pcache1.nInitPage>0 ){

szBulk = pCache->szAlloc * (i64)pcache1.nInitPage;

}else{

szBulk = -1024 * (i64)pcache1.nInitPage;

}

if( szBulk > pCache->szAlloc*(i64)pCache->nMax ){

szBulk = pCache->szAlloc*(i64)pCache->nMax;

}

zBulk = pCache->pBulk = sqlite3Malloc( szBulk );

sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();

if( zBulk ){

int nBulk = sqlite3MallocSize(zBulk)/pCache->szAlloc;

do{

PgHdr1 *pX = (PgHdr1*)&zBulk[pCache->szPage];

pX->page.pBuf = zBulk;

pX->page.pExtra = &pX[1];

pX->isBulkLocal = 1;

pX->isAnchor = 0;

pX->pNext = pCache->pFree;

pX->pLruPrev = 0; /* Initializing this saves a valgrind error */

pCache->pFree = pX;

zBulk += pCache->szAlloc;

}while( --nBulk );

}

return pCache->pFree!=0;

}

/*

** Malloc function used within this file to allocate space from the buffer

** configured using sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE) option. If no

** such buffer exists or there is no space left in it, this function falls

** back to sqlite3Malloc().

**

** Multiple threads can run this routine at the same time. Global variables

** in pcache1 need to be protected via mutex.

*/

static void *pcache1Alloc(int nByte){

void *p = 0;

assert( sqlite3_mutex_notheld(pcache1.grp.mutex) );

if( nByte<=pcache1.szSlot ){

sqlite3_mutex_enter(pcache1.mutex);

p = (PgHdr1 *)pcache1.pFree;

if( p ){

pcache1.pFree = pcache1.pFree->pNext;

pcache1.nFreeSlot--;

pcache1.bUnderPressure = pcache1.nFreeSlot<pcache1.nReserve;

assert( pcache1.nFreeSlot>=0 );

sqlite3StatusHighwater(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE, nByte);

sqlite3StatusUp(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED, 1);

}

sqlite3_mutex_leave(pcache1.mutex);

}

if( p==0 ){

/* Memory is not available in the SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE pool. Get

** it from sqlite3Malloc instead.

*/

p = sqlite3Malloc(nByte);

#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW_STATS

if( p ){

int sz = sqlite3MallocSize(p);

sqlite3_mutex_enter(pcache1.mutex);

sqlite3StatusHighwater(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE, nByte);

sqlite3StatusUp(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW, sz);

sqlite3_mutex_leave(pcache1.mutex);

}

#endif

sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_PCACHE);

}

return p;

}

/*

** Free an allocated buffer obtained from pcache1Alloc().

*/

static void pcache1Free(void *p){

if( p==0 ) return;

if( SQLITE_WITHIN(p, pcache1.pStart, pcache1.pEnd) ){

PgFreeslot *pSlot;

sqlite3_mutex_enter(pcache1.mutex);

sqlite3StatusDown(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED, 1);

pSlot = (PgFreeslot*)p;

pSlot->pNext = pcache1.pFree;

pcache1.pFree = pSlot;

pcache1.nFreeSlot++;

pcache1.bUnderPressure = pcache1.nFreeSlot<pcache1.nReserve;

assert( pcache1.nFreeSlot<=pcache1.nSlot );

sqlite3_mutex_leave(pcache1.mutex);

}else{

assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_PCACHE) );

sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP);

#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW_STATS

{

int nFreed = 0;

nFreed = sqlite3MallocSize(p);

sqlite3_mutex_enter(pcache1.mutex);

sqlite3StatusDown(SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW, nFreed);

sqlite3_mutex_leave(pcache1.mutex);

}

#endif

sqlite3_free(p);

}

}

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT

/*

** Return the size of a pcache allocation

*/

static int pcache1MemSize(void *p){

if( p>=pcache1.pStart && p<pcache1.pEnd ){

return pcache1.szSlot;

}else{

int iSize;

assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_PCACHE) );

sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP);

iSize = sqlite3MallocSize(p);

sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_PCACHE);

return iSize;

}

}

#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT */

/*

** Allocate a new page object initially associated with cache pCache.

*/

static PgHdr1 *pcache1AllocPage(PCache1 *pCache, int benignMalloc){

PgHdr1 *p = 0;

void *pPg;

assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCache->pGroup->mutex) );

if( pCache->pFree || (pCache->nPage==0 && pcache1InitBulk(pCache)) ){

assert( pCache->pFree!=0 );

p = pCache->pFree;

pCache->pFree = p->pNext;

p->pNext = 0;

}else{

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT

/* The group mutex must be released before pcache1Alloc() is called. This

** is because it might call sqlite3_release_memory(), which assumes that

** this mutex is not held. */

assert( pcache1.separateCache==0 );

assert( pCache->pGroup==&pcache1.grp );

pcache1LeaveMutex(pCache->pGroup);

#endif

if( benignMalloc ){ sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(); }

#ifdef SQLITE_PCACHE_SEPARATE_HEADER

pPg = pcache1Alloc(pCache->szPage);

p = sqlite3Malloc(sizeof(PgHdr1) + pCache->szExtra);

if( !pPg || !p ){

pcache1Free(pPg);

sqlite3_free(p);

pPg = 0;

}

#else

pPg = pcache1Alloc(pCache->szAlloc);

#endif

if( benignMalloc ){ sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(); }

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT

pcache1EnterMutex(pCache->pGroup);

#endif

if( pPg==0 ) return 0;

#ifndef SQLITE_PCACHE_SEPARATE_HEADER

p = (PgHdr1 *)&((u8 *)pPg)[pCache->szPage];

#endif

p->page.pBuf = pPg;

p->page.pExtra = &p[1];

p->isBulkLocal = 0;

p->isAnchor = 0;

p->pLruPrev = 0; /* Initializing this saves a valgrind error */

}

(*pCache->pnPurgeable)++;

return p;

}

/*

** Free a page object allocated by pcache1AllocPage().

*/

static void pcache1FreePage(PgHdr1 *p){

PCache1 *pCache;

assert( p!=0 );

pCache = p->pCache;

assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->pCache->pGroup->mutex) );

if( p->isBulkLocal ){

p->pNext = pCache->pFree;

pCache->pFree = p;

}else{

pcache1Free(p->page.pBuf);

#ifdef SQLITE_PCACHE_SEPARATE_HEADER

sqlite3_free(p);

#endif

}

(*pCache->pnPurgeable)--;

}

/*

** Malloc function used by SQLite to obtain space from the buffer configured

** using sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE) option. If no such buffer

** exists, this function falls back to sqlite3Malloc().

*/

void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int sz){

assert( sz<=65536+8 ); /* These allocations are never very large */

return pcache1Alloc(sz);

}

/*

** Free an allocated buffer obtained from sqlite3PageMalloc().

*/

void sqlite3PageFree(void *p){

pcache1Free(p);

}

/*

** Return true if it desirable to avoid allocating a new page cache

** entry.

**

** If memory was allocated specifically to the page cache using

** SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE but that memory has all been used, then

** it is desirable to avoid allocating a new page cache entry because

** presumably SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE was suppose to be sufficient

** for all page cache needs and we should not need to spill the

** allocation onto the heap.

**

** Or, the heap is used for all page cache memory but the heap is

** under memory pressure, then again it is desirable to avoid

** allocating a new page cache entry in order to avoid stressing

** the heap even further.

*/

static int pcache1UnderMemoryPressure(PCache1 *pCache){

if( pcache1.nSlot && (pCache->szPage+pCache->szExtra)<=pcache1.szSlot ){

return pcache1.bUnderPressure;

}else{

return sqlite3HeapNearlyFull();

}

}

/******************************************************************************/

/******** General Implementation Functions ************************************/

/*

** This function is used to resize the hash table used by the cache passed

** as the first argument.

**

** The PCache mutex must be held when this function is called.

*/

static void pcache1ResizeHash(PCache1 *p){

PgHdr1 **apNew;

unsigned int nNew;

unsigned int i;

assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->pGroup->mutex) );

nNew = p->nHash*2;

if( nNew<256 ){

nNew = 256;

}

pcache1LeaveMutex(p->pGroup);

if( p->nHash ){ sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc(); }

apNew = (PgHdr1 **)sqlite3MallocZero(sizeof(PgHdr1 *)*nNew);

if( p->nHash ){ sqlite3EndBenignMalloc(); }

pcache1EnterMutex(p->pGroup);

if( apNew ){

for(i=0; i<p->nHash; i++){

PgHdr1 *pPage;

PgHdr1 *pNext = p->apHash[i];

while( (pPage = pNext)!=0 ){

unsigned int h = pPage->iKey % nNew;

pNext = pPage->pNext;

pPage->pNext = apNew[h];

apNew[h] = pPage;

}

}

sqlite3_free(p->apHash);

p->apHash = apNew;

p->nHash = nNew;

}

}

/*

** This function is used internally to remove the page pPage from the

** PGroup LRU list, if is part of it. If pPage is not part of the PGroup

** LRU list, then this function is a no-op.

**

** The PGroup mutex must be held when this function is called.

*/

static PgHdr1 *pcache1PinPage(PgHdr1 *pPage){

assert( pPage!=0 );

assert( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(pPage) );

assert( pPage->pLruNext );

assert( pPage->pLruPrev );

assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pCache->pGroup->mutex) );

pPage->pLruPrev->pLruNext = pPage->pLruNext;

pPage->pLruNext->pLruPrev = pPage->pLruPrev;

pPage->pLruNext = 0;

/* pPage->pLruPrev = 0;

** No need to clear pLruPrev as it is never accessed if pLruNext is 0 */

assert( pPage->isAnchor==0 );

assert( pPage->pCache->pGroup->lru.isAnchor==1 );

pPage->pCache->nRecyclable--;

return pPage;

}

/*

** Remove the page supplied as an argument from the hash table

** (PCache1.apHash structure) that it is currently stored in.

** Also free the page if freePage is true.

**

** The PGroup mutex must be held when this function is called.

*/

static void pcache1RemoveFromHash(PgHdr1 *pPage, int freeFlag){

unsigned int h;

PCache1 *pCache = pPage->pCache;

PgHdr1 **pp;

assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCache->pGroup->mutex) );

h = pPage->iKey % pCache->nHash;

for(pp=&pCache->apHash[h]; (*pp)!=pPage; pp=&(*pp)->pNext);

*pp = (*pp)->pNext;

pCache->nPage--;

if( freeFlag ) pcache1FreePage(pPage);

}

/*

** If there are currently more than nMaxPage pages allocated, try

** to recycle pages to reduce the number allocated to nMaxPage.

*/

static void pcache1EnforceMaxPage(PCache1 *pCache){

PGroup *pGroup = pCache->pGroup;

PgHdr1 *p;

assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pGroup->mutex) );

while( pGroup->nPurgeable>pGroup->nMaxPage

&& (p=pGroup->lru.pLruPrev)->isAnchor==0

){

assert( p->pCache->pGroup==pGroup );

assert( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(p) );

pcache1PinPage(p);

pcache1RemoveFromHash(p, 1);

}

if( pCache->nPage==0 && pCache->pBulk ){

sqlite3_free(pCache->pBulk);

pCache->pBulk = pCache->pFree = 0;

}

}

/*

** Discard all pages from cache pCache with a page number (key value)

** greater than or equal to iLimit. Any pinned pages that meet this

** criteria are unpinned before they are discarded.

**

** The PCache mutex must be held when this function is called.

*/

static void pcache1TruncateUnsafe(

PCache1 *pCache, /* The cache to truncate */

unsigned int iLimit /* Drop pages with this pgno or larger */

){

TESTONLY( int nPage = 0; ) /* To assert pCache->nPage is correct */

unsigned int h, iStop;

assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCache->pGroup->mutex) );

assert( pCache->iMaxKey >= iLimit );

assert( pCache->nHash > 0 );

if( pCache->iMaxKey - iLimit < pCache->nHash ){

/* If we are just shaving the last few pages off the end of the

** cache, then there is no point in scanning the entire hash table.

** Only scan those hash slots that might contain pages that need to

** be removed. */

h = iLimit % pCache->nHash;

iStop = pCache->iMaxKey % pCache->nHash;

TESTONLY( nPage = -10; ) /* Disable the pCache->nPage validity check */

}else{

/* This is the general case where many pages are being removed.

** It is necessary to scan the entire hash table */

h = pCache->nHash/2;

iStop = h - 1;

}

for(;;){

PgHdr1 **pp;

PgHdr1 *pPage;

assert( h<pCache->nHash );

pp = &pCache->apHash[h];

while( (pPage = *pp)!=0 ){

if( pPage->iKey>=iLimit ){

pCache->nPage--;

*pp = pPage->pNext;

if( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(pPage) ) pcache1PinPage(pPage);

pcache1FreePage(pPage);

}else{

pp = &pPage->pNext;

TESTONLY( if( nPage>=0 ) nPage++; )

}

}

if( h==iStop ) break;

h = (h+1) % pCache->nHash;

}

assert( nPage<0 || pCache->nPage==(unsigned)nPage );

}

/******************************************************************************/

/******** sqlite3_pcache Methods **********************************************/

/*

** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xInit method.

*/

static int pcache1Init(void *NotUsed){

UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);

assert( pcache1.isInit==0 );

memset(&pcache1, 0, sizeof(pcache1));

/*

** The pcache1.separateCache variable is true if each PCache has its own

** private PGroup (mode-1). pcache1.separateCache is false if the single

** PGroup in pcache1.grp is used for all page caches (mode-2).

**

** * Always use a unified cache (mode-2) if ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT

**

** * Use a unified cache in single-threaded applications that have

** configured a start-time buffer for use as page-cache memory using

** sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE, pBuf, sz, N) with non-NULL

** pBuf argument.

**

** * Otherwise use separate caches (mode-1)

*/

#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT)

pcache1.separateCache = 0;

#elif SQLITE_THREADSAFE

pcache1.separateCache = sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage==0

|| sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex>0;

#else

pcache1.separateCache = sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage==0;

#endif

#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE

if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex ){

pcache1.grp.mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU);

pcache1.mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM);

}

#endif

if( pcache1.separateCache

&& sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage!=0

&& sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage==0

){

pcache1.nInitPage = sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage;

}else{

pcache1.nInitPage = 0;

}

pcache1.grp.mxPinned = 10;

pcache1.isInit = 1;

return SQLITE_OK;

}

/*

** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xShutdown method.

** Note that the static mutex allocated in xInit does

** not need to be freed.

*/

static void pcache1Shutdown(void *NotUsed){

UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);

assert( pcache1.isInit!=0 );

memset(&pcache1, 0, sizeof(pcache1));

}

/* forward declaration */

static void pcache1Destroy(sqlite3_pcache *p);

/*

** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xCreate method.

**

** Allocate a new cache.

*/

static sqlite3_pcache *pcache1Create(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable){

PCache1 *pCache; /* The newly created page cache */

PGroup *pGroup; /* The group the new page cache will belong to */

int sz; /* Bytes of memory required to allocate the new cache */

assert( (szPage & (szPage-1))==0 && szPage>=512 && szPage<=65536 );

assert( szExtra < 300 );

sz = sizeof(PCache1) + sizeof(PGroup)*pcache1.separateCache;

pCache = (PCache1 *)sqlite3MallocZero(sz);

if( pCache ){

if( pcache1.separateCache ){

pGroup = (PGroup*)&pCache[1];

pGroup->mxPinned = 10;

}else{

pGroup = &pcache1.grp;

}

pcache1EnterMutex(pGroup);

if( pGroup->lru.isAnchor==0 ){

pGroup->lru.isAnchor = 1;

pGroup->lru.pLruPrev = pGroup->lru.pLruNext = &pGroup->lru;

}

pCache->pGroup = pGroup;

pCache->szPage = szPage;

pCache->szExtra = szExtra;

pCache->szAlloc = szPage + szExtra + ROUND8(sizeof(PgHdr1));

pCache->bPurgeable = (bPurgeable ? 1 : 0);

pcache1ResizeHash(pCache);

if( bPurgeable ){

pCache->nMin = 10;

pGroup->nMinPage += pCache->nMin;

pGroup->mxPinned = pGroup->nMaxPage + 10 - pGroup->nMinPage;

pCache->pnPurgeable = &pGroup->nPurgeable;

}else{

pCache->pnPurgeable = &pCache->nPurgeableDummy;

}

pcache1LeaveMutex(pGroup);

if( pCache->nHash==0 ){

pcache1Destroy((sqlite3_pcache*)pCache);

pCache = 0;

}

}

return (sqlite3_pcache *)pCache;

}

/*

** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xCachesize method.

**

** Configure the cache_size limit for a cache.

*/

static void pcache1Cachesize(sqlite3_pcache *p, int nMax){

PCache1 *pCache = (PCache1 *)p;

u32 n;

assert( nMax>=0 );

if( pCache->bPurgeable ){

PGroup *pGroup = pCache->pGroup;

pcache1EnterMutex(pGroup);

n = (u32)nMax;

if( n > 0x7fff0000 - pGroup->nMaxPage + pCache->nMax ){

n = 0x7fff0000 - pGroup->nMaxPage + pCache->nMax;

}

pGroup->nMaxPage += (n - pCache->nMax);

pGroup->mxPinned = pGroup->nMaxPage + 10 - pGroup->nMinPage;

pCache->nMax = n;

pCache->n90pct = pCache->nMax*9/10;

pcache1EnforceMaxPage(pCache);

pcache1LeaveMutex(pGroup);

}

}

/*

** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xShrink method.

**

** Free up as much memory as possible.

*/

static void pcache1Shrink(sqlite3_pcache *p){

PCache1 *pCache = (PCache1*)p;

if( pCache->bPurgeable ){

PGroup *pGroup = pCache->pGroup;

unsigned int savedMaxPage;

pcache1EnterMutex(pGroup);

savedMaxPage = pGroup->nMaxPage;

pGroup->nMaxPage = 0;

pcache1EnforceMaxPage(pCache);

pGroup->nMaxPage = savedMaxPage;

pcache1LeaveMutex(pGroup);

}

}

/*

** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xPagecount method.

*/

static int pcache1Pagecount(sqlite3_pcache *p){

int n;

PCache1 *pCache = (PCache1*)p;

pcache1EnterMutex(pCache->pGroup);

n = pCache->nPage;

pcache1LeaveMutex(pCache->pGroup);

return n;

}

/*

** Implement steps 3, 4, and 5 of the pcache1Fetch() algorithm described

** in the header of the pcache1Fetch() procedure.

**

** This steps are broken out into a separate procedure because they are

** usually not needed, and by avoiding the stack initialization required

** for these steps, the main pcache1Fetch() procedure can run faster.

*/

static SQLITE_NOINLINE PgHdr1 *pcache1FetchStage2(

PCache1 *pCache,

unsigned int iKey,

int createFlag

){

unsigned int nPinned;

PGroup *pGroup = pCache->pGroup;

PgHdr1 *pPage = 0;

/* Step 3: Abort if createFlag is 1 but the cache is nearly full */

assert( pCache->nPage >= pCache->nRecyclable );

nPinned = pCache->nPage - pCache->nRecyclable;

assert( pGroup->mxPinned == pGroup->nMaxPage + 10 - pGroup->nMinPage );

assert( pCache->n90pct == pCache->nMax*9/10 );

if( createFlag==1 && (

nPinned>=pGroup->mxPinned

|| nPinned>=pCache->n90pct

|| (pcache1UnderMemoryPressure(pCache) && pCache->nRecyclable<nPinned)

)){

return 0;

}

if( pCache->nPage>=pCache->nHash ) pcache1ResizeHash(pCache);

assert( pCache->nHash>0 && pCache->apHash );

/* Step 4. Try to recycle a page. */

if( pCache->bPurgeable

&& !pGroup->lru.pLruPrev->isAnchor

&& ((pCache->nPage+1>=pCache->nMax) || pcache1UnderMemoryPressure(pCache))

){

PCache1 *pOther;

pPage = pGroup->lru.pLruPrev;

assert( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(pPage) );

pcache1RemoveFromHash(pPage, 0);

pcache1PinPage(pPage);

pOther = pPage->pCache;

if( pOther->szAlloc != pCache->szAlloc ){

pcache1FreePage(pPage);

pPage = 0;

}else{

pGroup->nPurgeable -= (pOther->bPurgeable - pCache->bPurgeable);

}

}

/* Step 5. If a usable page buffer has still not been found,

** attempt to allocate a new one.

*/

if( !pPage ){

pPage = pcache1AllocPage(pCache, createFlag==1);

}

if( pPage ){

unsigned int h = iKey % pCache->nHash;

pCache->nPage++;

pPage->iKey = iKey;

pPage->pNext = pCache->apHash[h];

pPage->pCache = pCache;

pPage->pLruNext = 0;

/* pPage->pLruPrev = 0;

** No need to clear pLruPrev since it is not accessed when pLruNext==0 */

*(void **)pPage->page.pExtra = 0;

pCache->apHash[h] = pPage;

if( iKey>pCache->iMaxKey ){

pCache->iMaxKey = iKey;

}

}

return pPage;

}

/*

** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xFetch method.

**

** Fetch a page by key value.

**

** Whether or not a new page may be allocated by this function depends on

** the value of the createFlag argument. 0 means do not allocate a new

** page. 1 means allocate a new page if space is easily available. 2

** means to try really hard to allocate a new page.

**

** For a non-purgeable cache (a cache used as the storage for an in-memory

** database) there is really no difference between createFlag 1 and 2. So

** the calling function (pcache.c) will never have a createFlag of 1 on

** a non-purgeable cache.

**

** There are three different approaches to obtaining space for a page,

** depending on the value of parameter createFlag (which may be 0, 1 or 2).

**

** 1. Regardless of the value of createFlag, the cache is searched for a

** copy of the requested page. If one is found, it is returned.

**

** 2. If createFlag==0 and the page is not already in the cache, NULL is

** returned.

**

** 3. If createFlag is 1, and the page is not already in the cache, then

** return NULL (do not allocate a new page) if any of the following

** conditions are true:

**

** (a) the number of pages pinned by the cache is greater than

** PCache1.nMax, or

**

** (b) the number of pages pinned by the cache is greater than

** the sum of nMax for all purgeable caches, less the sum of

** nMin for all other purgeable caches, or

**

** 4. If none of the first three conditions apply and the cache is marked

** as purgeable, and if one of the following is true:

**

** (a) The number of pages allocated for the cache is already

** PCache1.nMax, or

**

** (b) The number of pages allocated for all purgeable caches is

** already equal to or greater than the sum of nMax for all

** purgeable caches,

**

** (c) The system is under memory pressure and wants to avoid

** unnecessary pages cache entry allocations

**

** then attempt to recycle a page from the LRU list. If it is the right

** size, return the recycled buffer. Otherwise, free the buffer and

** proceed to step 5.

**

** 5. Otherwise, allocate and return a new page buffer.

**