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‎docs/t-sql/functions/abs-transact-sql.md‎

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---
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title: "ABS (Transact-SQL) | Microsoft Docs"
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ms.custom: ""
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ms.date: "03/15/2017"
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ms.date: "07/24/2017"
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ms.prod: "sql-non-specified"
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ms.reviewer: ""
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ms.suite: ""
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# ABS (Transact-SQL)
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[!INCLUDE[tsql-appliesto-ss2008-all_md](../../includes/tsql-appliesto-ss2008-all-md.md)]
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A mathematical function that returns the absolute (positive) value of the specified numeric expression. (`ABS` changes negative values to positive values. `ABS` has no effect on zero or positive values.)
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A mathematical function that returns the absolute (positive) value of the specified numeric expression. (`ABS` changes negative values to positive values. `ABS` has no effect on zero or positive values.)
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![Topic link icon](../../database-engine/configure-windows/media/topic-link.gif "Topic link icon") [Transact-SQL Syntax Conventions](../../t-sql/language-elements/transact-sql-syntax-conventions-transact-sql.md)
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![Topic link icon](../../database-engine/configure-windows/media/topic-link.gif "Topic link icon") [Transact-SQL Syntax Conventions](../../t-sql/language-elements/transact-sql-syntax-conventions-transact-sql.md)
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## Syntax
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```
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```sql
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ABS ( numeric_expression )
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```
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## Arguments
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*numeric_expression*
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Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type category.
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*numeric_expression*
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Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type category.
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## Return Types
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Returns the same type as *numeric_expression*.
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Returns the same type as *numeric_expression*.
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## Examples
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The following example shows the results of using the `ABS` function on three different numbers.
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The following example shows the results of using the `ABS` function on three different numbers.
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```tsql
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```sql
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SELECT ABS(-1.0), ABS(0.0), ABS(1.0);
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```
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[!INCLUDE[ssResult](../../includes/ssresult-md.md)]
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[!INCLUDE[ssResult](../../includes/ssresult-md.md)]
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```
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```sql
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---- ---- ----
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1.0 .0 1.0
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```
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The `ABS` function can produce an overflow error when the absolute value of a number is greater than the largest number that can be represented by the specified data type. For example, the `int` data type can hold only values that range from `-2,147,483,648` to `2,147,483,647`. Computing the absolute value for the signed integer `-2,147,483,648` causes an overflow error because its absolute value is greater than the positive range for the `int` data type.
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The `ABS` function can produce an overflow error when the absolute value of a number is greater than the largest number that can be represented by the specified data type. For example, the `int` data type can hold only values that range from `-2,147,483,648` to `2,147,483,647`. Computing the absolute value for the signed integer `-2,147,483,648` causes an overflow error because its absolute value is greater than the positive range for the `int` data type.
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```tsql
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```sql
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DECLARE @i int;
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SET @i = -2147483648;
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SELECT ABS(@i);
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GO
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```
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Here is the error message:
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Here is the error message:
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"Msg 8115, Level 16, State 2, Line 3"
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"Msg 8115, Level 16, State 2, Line 3"
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"Arithmetic overflow error converting expression to data type int."
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"Arithmetic overflow error converting expression to data type int."
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## See Also
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[CAST and CONVERT (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/cast-and-convert-transact-sql.md)
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[Data Types (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/data-types/data-types-transact-sql.md)
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[Mathematical Functions (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/mathematical-functions-transact-sql.md)
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[Built-in Functions (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/functions.md)
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## See also
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[CAST and CONVERT (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/cast-and-convert-transact-sql.md)
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[Data Types (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/data-types/data-types-transact-sql.md)
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[Mathematical Functions (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/mathematical-functions-transact-sql.md)
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[Built-in Functions (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/functions.md)
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‎docs/t-sql/functions/acos-transact-sql.md‎

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---
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title: "ACOS (Transact-SQL) | Microsoft Docs"
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ms.custom: ""
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ms.date: "03/15/2017"
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ms.date: "07/24/2017"
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ms.prod: "sql-non-specified"
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ms.reviewer: ""
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ms.suite: ""
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# ACOS (Transact-SQL)
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[!INCLUDE[tsql-appliesto-ss2008-all_md](../../includes/tsql-appliesto-ss2008-all-md.md)]
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A mathematical function that returns the angle, in radians, whose cosine is the specified **float** expression; also called arccosine.
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A mathematical function that returns the angle, in radians, whose cosine is the specified **float** expression; also called arccosine.
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![Topic link icon](../../database-engine/configure-windows/media/topic-link.gif "Topic link icon") [Transact-SQL Syntax Conventions](../../t-sql/language-elements/transact-sql-syntax-conventions-transact-sql.md)
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![Topic link icon](../../database-engine/configure-windows/media/topic-link.gif "Topic link icon") [Transact-SQL Syntax Conventions](../../t-sql/language-elements/transact-sql-syntax-conventions-transact-sql.md)
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## Syntax
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```
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```sql
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-- Syntax for SQL Server, Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Data Warehouse, Parallel Data Warehouse
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ACOS ( float_expression )
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```
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## Arguments
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*float_expression*
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Is an expression of the type **float** or of a type that can be implicitly converted to **float**, with a value from -1 through 1. Values outside this range return NULL and report a domain error.
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*float_expression*
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Is an expression of the type **float** or of a type that can be implicitly converted to **float**, with a value from -1 through 1. Values outside this range return NULL and report a domain error.
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## Return Types
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**float**
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**float**
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## Examples
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The following example returns the ACOS of the specified number.
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The following example returns the ACOS of the specified number.
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```
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```sql
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SET NOCOUNT OFF;
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DECLARE @cos float;
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SET @cos = -1.0;
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SELECT 'The ACOS of the number is: ' + CONVERT(varchar, ACOS(@cos));
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```
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[!INCLUDE[ssResult](../../includes/ssresult-md.md)]
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[!INCLUDE[ssResult](../../includes/ssresult-md.md)]
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```
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```sql
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---------------------------------
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The ACOS of the number is: 3.14159
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(1 row(s) affected)
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```
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## Examples: [!INCLUDE[ssSDWfull](../../includes/sssdwfull-md.md)] and [!INCLUDE[ssPDW](../../includes/sspdw-md.md)]
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The following example returns the ACOS of the specified number.
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## Examples:
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[!INCLUDE[ssSDWfull](../../includes/sssdwfull-md.md)] and [!INCLUDE[ssPDW](../../includes/sspdw-md.md)]
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The following example returns the ACOS of the specified number.
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```
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```sql
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DECLARE @cos float;
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SET @cos = -1.0;
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SELECT 'The ACOS of the number is: ' + CONVERT(varchar, ACOS(@cos));
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```
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[!INCLUDE[ssResult](../../includes/ssresult-md.md)]
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[!INCLUDE[ssResult](../../includes/ssresult-md.md)]
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```
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```sql
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---------------------------------
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The ACOS of the number is: 3.14159
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(1 row(s) affected)
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```
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## See Also
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[Mathematical Functions (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/mathematical-functions-transact-sql.md)
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[Functions](../../t-sql/functions/functions.md)
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## See also
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[Mathematical Functions (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/mathematical-functions-transact-sql.md)
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[Functions](../../t-sql/functions/functions.md)
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‎docs/t-sql/functions/aggregate-functions-transact-sql.md‎

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---
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title: "Aggregate Functions (Transact-SQL) | Microsoft Docs"
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ms.custom: ""
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ms.date: "03/15/2017"
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ms.date: "07/24/2017"
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ms.prod: "sql-non-specified"
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# Aggregate Functions (Transact-SQL)
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Aggregate functions perform a calculation on a set of values and return a single value. Except for COUNT, aggregate functions ignore null values. Aggregate functions are frequently used with the GROUP BY clause of the SELECT statement.
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Aggregate functions perform a calculation on a set of values and return a single value. Except for COUNT, aggregate functions ignore null values. Aggregate functions are frequently used with the GROUP BY clause of the SELECT statement.
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All aggregate functions are deterministic. This means aggregate functions return the same value any time that they are called by using a specific set of input values. For more information about function determinism, see [Deterministic and Nondeterministic Functions](../../relational-databases/user-defined-functions/deterministic-and-nondeterministic-functions.md). The [OVER clause](../../t-sql/queries/select-over-clause-transact-sql.md) may follow all aggregate functions except GROUPING and GROUPING_ID.
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Aggregate functions can be used as expressions only in the following:
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All aggregate functions are deterministic. This means aggregate functions return the same value any time that they are called by using a specific set of input values. For more information about function determinism, see [Deterministic and Nondeterministic Functions](../../relational-databases/user-defined-functions/deterministic-and-nondeterministic-functions.md). The [OVER clause](../../t-sql/queries/select-over-clause-transact-sql.md) may follow all aggregate functions except GROUPING and GROUPING_ID.
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Aggregate functions can be used as expressions only in the following:
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- The select list of a SELECT statement (either a subquery or an outer query).
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- A HAVING clause.
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[!INCLUDE[tsql](../../includes/tsql-md.md)] provides the following aggregate functions:
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[!INCLUDE[tsql](../../includes/tsql-md.md)] provides the following aggregate functions:
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|-|-|
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|[GROUPING_ID](../../t-sql/functions/grouping-id-transact-sql.md)|[VARP](../../t-sql/functions/varp-transact-sql.md)|
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|[MAX](../../t-sql/functions/max-transact-sql.md)||
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## See Also
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[Built-in Functions (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/functions.md)
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[OVER Clause (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/queries/select-over-clause-transact-sql.md)
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## See also
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[Built-in Functions (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/functions.md)
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[OVER Clause (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/queries/select-over-clause-transact-sql.md)
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‎docs/t-sql/functions/analytic-functions-transact-sql.md‎

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title: "Analytic Functions (Transact-SQL) | Microsoft Docs"
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ms.custom: ""
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ms.date: "03/06/2017"
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ms.date: "07/24/2017"
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# Analytic Functions (Transact-SQL)
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SQL Server supports the following analytic functions. Analytic functions compute an aggregate value based on a group of rows. However, unlike aggregate functions, they can return multiple rows for each group. You can use analytic functions to compute moving averages, running totals, percentages or top-N results within a group.
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|-|-|
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|[CUME_DIST (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/cume-dist-transact-sql.md)|[LEAD (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/lead-transact-sql.md)|
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|[FIRST_VALUE (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/first-value-transact-sql.md)|[PERCENTILE_CONT (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/percentile-cont-transact-sql.md)|
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|[LAG (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/lag-transact-sql.md)|[PERCENTILE_DISC (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/percentile-disc-transact-sql.md)|
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|[LAST_VALUE (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/last-value-transact-sql.md)|[PERCENT_RANK (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/percent-rank-transact-sql.md)|
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## See Also
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[OVER Clause (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/queries/select-over-clause-transact-sql.md)
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SQL Server supports the following analytic functions. Analytic functions compute an aggregate value based on a group of rows. However, unlike aggregate functions, they can return multiple rows for each group. You can use analytic functions to compute moving averages, running totals, percentages or top-N results within a group.
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|-|-|
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|[CUME_DIST (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/cume-dist-transact-sql.md)|[LEAD (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/lead-transact-sql.md)|
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|[FIRST_VALUE (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/first-value-transact-sql.md)|[PERCENTILE_CONT (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/percentile-cont-transact-sql.md)|
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|[LAG (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/lag-transact-sql.md)|[PERCENTILE_DISC (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/percentile-disc-transact-sql.md)|
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|[LAST_VALUE (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/last-value-transact-sql.md)|[PERCENT_RANK (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/functions/percent-rank-transact-sql.md)|
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## See also
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[OVER Clause (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/queries/select-over-clause-transact-sql.md)
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‎docs/t-sql/functions/app-name-transact-sql.md‎

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title: "APP_NAME (Transact-SQL) | Microsoft Docs"
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ms.date: "03/15/2017"
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ms.date: "07/24/2017"
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# APP_NAME (Transact-SQL)
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Returns the application name for the current session if set by the application.
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Returns the application name for the current session if set by the application.
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> The application name is provided by the client and is not verified in any way. Do not use **APP_NAME** as part of a security check.
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![Topic link icon](../../database-engine/configure-windows/media/topic-link.gif "Topic link icon") [Transact-SQL Syntax Conventions](../../t-sql/language-elements/transact-sql-syntax-conventions-transact-sql.md)
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![Topic link icon](../../database-engine/configure-windows/media/topic-link.gif "Topic link icon") [Transact-SQL Syntax Conventions](../../t-sql/language-elements/transact-sql-syntax-conventions-transact-sql.md)
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## Syntax
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```
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```sql
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APP_NAME ( )
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```
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## Return Types
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**nvarchar(128)**
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**nvarchar(128)**
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## Remarks
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Use **APP_NAME** when you want to perform different actions for different applications. For example, formatting a date differently for different applications, or returning an informational message to certain applications.
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Use **APP_NAME** when you want to perform different actions for different applications. For example, formatting a date differently for different applications, or returning an informational message to certain applications.
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To set an application name in [!INCLUDE[ssManStudio](../../includes/ssmanstudio-md.md)], in the **Connect to Database Engine** dialog box, click **Options**. On the **Additional Connection Parameters** tab, provide an **app** attribute in the format `;app='application_name'`
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To set an application name in [!INCLUDE[ssManStudio](../../includes/ssmanstudio-md.md)], in the **Connect to Database Engine** dialog box, click **Options**. On the **Additional Connection Parameters** tab, provide an **app** attribute in the format `;app='application_name'`
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## Examples
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The following example checks whether the client application that initiated this process is a `SQL Server Management Studio` session and provides a date in either US or ANSI format.
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The following example checks whether the client application that initiated this process is a `SQL Server Management Studio` session and provides a date in either US or ANSI format.
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```
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```sql
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USE AdventureWorks2012;
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GO
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IF APP_NAME() = 'Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio - Query'
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GO
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```
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## See Also
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[System Functions (Transact-SQL)](../../relational-databases/system-functions/system-functions-for-transact-sql.md)
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[Functions](../../t-sql/functions/functions.md)
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## See also
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[System Functions (Transact-SQL)](../../relational-databases/system-functions/system-functions-for-transact-sql.md)
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[Functions](../../t-sql/functions/functions.md)
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