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.openpublishing.redirection.json

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"redirect_url": "/sql/advanced-analytics/r/working-with-r-data-types",
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"redirect_document_id": false
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{
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"source_path": "docs/t-sql/lesson-1-1-creating-a-database.md",
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"redirect_document_id": false
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"redirect_url": "/sql/t-sql/lesson-1-creating-database-objects",
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"redirect_document_id": false
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"source_path": "docs/t-sql/lesson-1-5-summary-creating-database-objects.md",
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"source_path": "docs/t-sql/lesson-2-1-creating-a-login.md",
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"redirect_document_id": false
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"source_path": "docs/t-sql/lesson-2-2-granting-access-to-a-database.md",
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"redirect_url": "/sql/t-sql/lesson-2-configuring-permissions-on-database-objects",
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"redirect_document_id": false
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{
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"source_path": "docs/t-sql/lesson-2-3-creating-views-and-stored-procedures.md",
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"redirect_url": "/sql/t-sql/lesson-1-creating-database-objects",
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"redirect_document_id": false
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"source_path": "docs/connect/php/download-microsoft-php-driver-for-sql-server.md",
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"redirect_url": "/sql/connect/php/microsoft-php-driver-for-sql-server",
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<Token>**THIS TOPIC APPLIES TO:**![yes](media/yes.png)SQL Server (starting with 2014)![yes](media/yes.png)Azure SQL Database![yes](media/yes.png)Azure SQL Data Warehouse ![no](media/no.png)Parallel Data Warehouse </Token>

docs/relational-databases/security/encryption/always-encrypted-database-engine.md

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For details of how to develop applications using Always Encrypted with particular client drivers, see [Always Encrypted (client development)](../../../relational-databases/security/encryption/always-encrypted-client-development.md).
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## Remarks
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Decryption occurs via the client. This means that some actions that occur only server-side will not work when using Always Encrypted.
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Here's an example of an update that attempts to move data from an encrypted column to an unencrypted column without returning a result set to the client:
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```sql
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update dbo.Patients set testssn = SSN
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```
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If SSN is a column encrypted using Always Encryption, the above update statement will fail with an error similar to:
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```
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Msg 206, Level 16, State 2, Line 89
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Operand type clash: char(11) encrypted with (encryption_type = 'DETERMINISTIC', encryption_algorithm_name = 'AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_256', column_encryption_key_name = 'CEK_1', column_encryption_key_database_name = 'ssn') collation_name = 'Latin1_General_BIN2' is incompatible with char
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```
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To successfully update the column, do the following:
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1. SELECT the data out of the SSN column, and store it as a result set in the application. This will allow for the application (client) to decrypt the column.
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2. INSERT/UPDATE the data from the result set in the application and send to SQL Server. Paramterization will pass the data into SQL Server via parameters so the values can be encrypted.
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>[!IMPORTANT]
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> In this example, the data will be unencrypted when sent back to the server because the destination column is a regular varchar that does not accept encrypted data.
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## Selecting Deterministic or Randomized Encryption
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The Database Engine never operates on plaintext data stored in encrypted columns, but it still supports some queries on encrypted data, depending on the encryption type for the column. Always Encrypted supports two types of encryption: randomized encryption and deterministic encryption.

docs/relational-databases/system-catalog-views/sys-time-zone-info-transact-sql.md

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---
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title: "sys.time_zone_info (Transact-SQL) | Microsoft Docs"
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ms.custom: ""
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ms.date: "03/27/2018"
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ms.date: "08/06/2018"
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ms.prod: sql
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ms.prod_service: "database-engine, sql-database, sql-data-warehouse, pdw"
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ms.component: "system-catalog-views"
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monikerRange: "=azure-sqldw-latest||>=sql-server-2016||=sqlallproducts-allversions||>=sql-server-linux-2017"
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# sys.time_zone_info (Transact-SQL)
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[!INCLUDE[tsql-appliesto-ss2014-asdb-xxxx-xxx-md](../../includes/tsql-appliesto-ss2014-asdb-xxxx-xxx-md.md)]
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[!INCLUDE[tsql-appliesto-ss2014-asdb-asdw-xxx-md](../../includes/tsql-appliesto-ss2014-asdb-asdw-xxx-md.md)]
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Returns information about supported time zones. All time zones installed on the computer are stored in the following registry hive:
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`KEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Time Zones`.

docs/t-sql/statements/alter-database-transact-sql-set-options.md

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}
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}
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<change_tracking_option_list> ::=
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<change_tracking_option_list> ::=
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{
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AUTO_CLEANUP = { ON | OFF }
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| CHANGE_RETENTION = retention_period { DAYS | HOURS | MINUTES }
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}
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<automatic_tuning_option> ::=
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{ AUTOMATIC_TUNING = { AUTO | INHERIT | CUSTOM }
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{ AUTOMATIC_TUNING = { AUTO | INHERIT | CUSTOM }
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| AUTOMATIC_TUNING ( CREATE_INDEX = { DEFAULT | ON | OFF } )
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| AUTOMATIC_TUNING ( DROP_INDEX = { DEFAULT | ON | OFF } )
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| AUTOMATIC_TUNING ( FORCE_LAST_GOOD_PLAN = { DEFAULT | ON | OFF } )
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}
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}
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<change_tracking_option_list> ::=
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<change_tracking_option_list> ::=
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{
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AUTO_CLEANUP = { ON | OFF }
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<a name="auto_tuning"></a> **\<automatic_tuning_option> ::=**
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**Applies to**: [!INCLUDE[sssqlv14-md](../../includes/sssqlv14-md.md)].
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Controls automatic options for [automatic tuning](../../relational-databases/automatic-tuning/automatic-tuning.md).
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Controls automatic options for [automatic tuning](../../relational-databases/automatic-tuning/automatic-tuning.md).
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AUTOMATIC_TUNING = { AUTO | INHERIT | CUSTOM }
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AUTO
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Setting the automatic tuning value to AUTO will apply Azure configuration defaults for automatic tuning.
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AUTOMATIC_TUNING = { AUTO | INHERIT | CUSTOM }
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AUTO
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Setting the automatic tuning value to AUTO will apply Azure configuration defaults for automatic tuning.
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INHERIT
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Using the value INHERIT will inherit the default configuration from the parent server. This is especially useful if you would like to customize automatic tuning configuration on a parent server, and have all the databases on such server INHERIT these custom settings. Please note that in order for the inheritance to work, the three individual tuning options FORCE_LAST_GOOD_PLAN, CREATE_INDEX and DROP_INDEX need to be set to DEFAULT on databases.
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INHERIT
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Using the value INHERIT will inherit the default configuration from the parent server. This is especially useful if you would like to customize automatic tuning configuration on a parent server, and have all the databases on such server INHERIT these custom settings. Please note that in order for the inheritance to work, the three individual tuning options FORCE_LAST_GOOD_PLAN, CREATE_INDEX and DROP_INDEX need to be set to DEFAULT on databases.
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CUSTOM
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Using the value CUSTOM, you will need to manually custom configure each of the automatic tuning options available on databases.
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CUSTOM
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Using the value CUSTOM, you will need to manually custom configure each of the automatic tuning options available on databases.
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Enables or disables automatic index management `CREATE_INDEX` option of [automatic tuning](../../relational-databases/automatic-tuning/automatic-tuning.md).
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Enables or disables automatic index management `CREATE_INDEX` option of [automatic tuning](../../relational-databases/automatic-tuning/automatic-tuning.md).
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CREATE_INDEX = { DEFAULT | ON | OFF }
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Inherits default settings from the server. In this case, options of enabling or disabling individual Automatic tuning features are defined at the server level.
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ON
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DEFALT
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Inherits default settings from the server. In this case, options of enabling or disabling individual Automatic tuning features are defined at the server level.
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ON
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When enabled, missing indexes are automatically generated on a database. Following the index creation, gains to the performance of the workload are verified. When such created index no longer provides benefits to the workload performance, it is automatically reverted. Indexes automatically created are flagged as a system generated indexed.
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Does not automatically generate missing indexes on the database.
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Enables or disables automatic index management `DROP_INDEX` option of [automatic tuning](../../relational-databases/automatic-tuning/automatic-tuning.md).
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OFF
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Does not automatically generate missing indexes on the database.
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Enables or disables automatic index management `DROP_INDEX` option of [automatic tuning](../../relational-databases/automatic-tuning/automatic-tuning.md).
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DROP_INDEX = { DEFAULT | ON | OFF }
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DEFALT
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Inherits default settings from the server. In this case, options of enabling or disabling individual Automatic tuning features are defined at the server level.
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DEFALT
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Inherits default settings from the server. In this case, options of enabling or disabling individual Automatic tuning features are defined at the server level.
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ON
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Automatically drops duplicate or no longer useful indexes to the performance workload.
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ON
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Automatically drops duplicate or no longer useful indexes to the performance workload.
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OFF
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Does not automatically drop missing inexes on the database.
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Enables or disables automatic plan correction `FORCE_LAST_GOOD_PLAN` option of [automatic tuning](../../relational-databases/automatic-tuning/automatic-tuning.md).
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OFF
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Does not automatically drop missing inexes on the database.
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Enables or disables automatic plan correction `FORCE_LAST_GOOD_PLAN` option of [automatic tuning](../../relational-databases/automatic-tuning/automatic-tuning.md).
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FORCE_LAST_GOOD_PLAN = { DEFAULT | ON | OFF }
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DEFAULT
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Inherits default settings from the server. In this case, options of enabling or disabling individual Automatic tuning features are defined at the server level.
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DEFAULT
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Inherits default settings from the server. In this case, options of enabling or disabling individual Automatic tuning features are defined at the server level.
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ON
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The [!INCLUDE[ssde_md](../../includes/ssde_md.md)] automatically forces the last known good plan on the [!INCLUDE[tsql_md](../../includes/tsql_md.md)] queries where new SQL plan causes performance regressions. The [!INCLUDE[ssde_md](../../includes/ssde_md.md)] continously monitors query performance of the [!INCLUDE[tsql_md](../../includes/tsql_md.md)] query with the forced plan. If there are performance gains, the [!INCLUDE[ssde_md](../../includes/ssde_md.md)] will keep using last known good plan. If performance gains are not detected, the [!INCLUDE[ssde_md](../../includes/ssde_md.md)] will produce a new SQL plan. The statement will fail if Query Store is not enabled or if it is not in *Read-Write* mode.
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OFF
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The [!INCLUDE[ssde_md](../../includes/ssde_md.md)] reports potential query performance regressions caused by SQL plan changes in [sys.dm_db_tuning_recommendations](../../relational-databases/system-dynamic-management-views/sys-dm-db-tuning-recommendations-transact-sql.md) view. However, these recommendations are not automatically applied. User can monitor active recomendations and fix identified problems by applying [!INCLUDE[tsql_md](../../includes/tsql_md.md)] scripts that are shown in the view. This is the default value.
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The [!INCLUDE[ssde_md](../../includes/ssde_md.md)] reports potential query performance regressions caused by SQL plan changes in [sys.dm_db_tuning_recommendations](../../relational-databases/system-dynamic-management-views/sys-dm-db-tuning-recommendations-transact-sql.md) view. However, these recommendations are not automatically applied. User can monitor active recomendations and fix identified problems by applying [!INCLUDE[tsql_md](../../includes/tsql_md.md)] scripts that are shown in the view. This is the default value.
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**\<change_tracking_option> ::=**
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Controls change tracking options. You can enable change tracking, set options, change options, and disable change tracking. For examples, see the Examples section later in this article.
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AUTO_CLEANUP = { ON | OFF }
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| CHANGE_RETENTION = retention_period { DAYS | HOURS | MINUTES }

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