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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:6

msgid "Data model"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:12

msgid "Objects, values and types"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:18

msgid ""

":dfn:`Objects` are Python's abstraction for data. All data in a Python "

"program is represented by objects or by relations between objects. (In a "

"sense, and in conformance to Von Neumann's model of a \"stored program "

"computer,\" code is also represented by objects.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:35

msgid ""

"Every object has an identity, a type and a value. An object's *identity* "

"never changes once it has been created; you may think of it as the object's "

"address in memory. The ':keyword:`is`' operator compares the identity of "

"two objects; the :func:`id` function returns an integer representing its "

"identity."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:42

msgid "For CPython, ``id(x)`` is the memory address where ``x`` is stored."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:44

msgid ""

"An object's type determines the operations that the object supports (e.g., "

"\"does it have a length?\") and also defines the possible values for objects "

"of that type. The :func:`type` function returns an object's type (which is "

"an object itself). Like its identity, an object's :dfn:`type` is also "

"unchangeable. [#]_"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:50

msgid ""

"The *value* of some objects can change. Objects whose value can change are "

"said to be *mutable*; objects whose value is unchangeable once they are "

"created are called *immutable*. (The value of an immutable container object "

"that contains a reference to a mutable object can change when the latter's "

"value is changed; however the container is still considered immutable, "

"because the collection of objects it contains cannot be changed. So, "

"immutability is not strictly the same as having an unchangeable value, it is "

"more subtle.) An object's mutability is determined by its type; for "

"instance, numbers, strings and tuples are immutable, while dictionaries and "

"lists are mutable."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:65

msgid ""

"Objects are never explicitly destroyed; however, when they become "

"unreachable they may be garbage-collected. An implementation is allowed to "

"postpone garbage collection or omit it altogether --- it is a matter of "

"implementation quality how garbage collection is implemented, as long as no "

"objects are collected that are still reachable."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:73

msgid ""

"CPython currently uses a reference-counting scheme with (optional) delayed "

"detection of cyclically linked garbage, which collects most objects as soon "

"as they become unreachable, but is not guaranteed to collect garbage "

"containing circular references. See the documentation of the :mod:`gc` "

"module for information on controlling the collection of cyclic garbage. "

"Other implementations act differently and CPython may change. Do not depend "

"on immediate finalization of objects when they become unreachable (so you "

"should always close files explicitly)."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:82

msgid ""

"Note that the use of the implementation's tracing or debugging facilities "

"may keep objects alive that would normally be collectable. Also note that "

"catching an exception with a ':keyword:`try`...\\ :keyword:`except`' "

"statement may keep objects alive."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:87

msgid ""

"Some objects contain references to \"external\" resources such as open files "

"or windows. It is understood that these resources are freed when the object "

"is garbage-collected, but since garbage collection is not guaranteed to "

"happen, such objects also provide an explicit way to release the external "

"resource, usually a :meth:`close` method. Programs are strongly recommended "

"to explicitly close such objects. The ':keyword:`try`...\\ :keyword:"

"`finally`' statement and the ':keyword:`with`' statement provide convenient "

"ways to do this."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:97

msgid ""

"Some objects contain references to other objects; these are called "

"*containers*. Examples of containers are tuples, lists and dictionaries. "

"The references are part of a container's value. In most cases, when we talk "

"about the value of a container, we imply the values, not the identities of "

"the contained objects; however, when we talk about the mutability of a "

"container, only the identities of the immediately contained objects are "

"implied. So, if an immutable container (like a tuple) contains a reference "

"to a mutable object, its value changes if that mutable object is changed."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:106

msgid ""

"Types affect almost all aspects of object behavior. Even the importance of "

"object identity is affected in some sense: for immutable types, operations "

"that compute new values may actually return a reference to any existing "

"object with the same type and value, while for mutable objects this is not "

"allowed. E.g., after ``a = 1; b = 1``, ``a`` and ``b`` may or may not refer "

"to the same object with the value one, depending on the implementation, but "

"after ``c = []; d = []``, ``c`` and ``d`` are guaranteed to refer to two "

"different, unique, newly created empty lists. (Note that ``c = d = []`` "

"assigns the same object to both ``c`` and ``d``.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:120

msgid "The standard type hierarchy"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:129

msgid ""

"Below is a list of the types that are built into Python. Extension modules "

"(written in C, Java, or other languages, depending on the implementation) "

"can define additional types. Future versions of Python may add types to the "

"type hierarchy (e.g., rational numbers, efficiently stored arrays of "

"integers, etc.), although such additions will often be provided via the "

"standard library instead."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:140

msgid ""

"Some of the type descriptions below contain a paragraph listing 'special "

"attributes.' These are attributes that provide access to the implementation "

"and are not intended for general use. Their definition may change in the "

"future."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:150

msgid "None"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:147

msgid ""

"This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. "

"This object is accessed through the built-in name ``None``. It is used to "

"signify the absence of a value in many situations, e.g., it is returned from "

"functions that don't explicitly return anything. Its truth value is false."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:165

msgid "NotImplemented"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:155

msgid ""

"This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. "

"This object is accessed through the built-in name ``NotImplemented``. "

"Numeric methods and rich comparison methods should return this value if they "

"do not implement the operation for the operands provided. (The interpreter "

"will then try the reflected operation, or some other fallback, depending on "

"the operator.) Its truth value is true."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:162

msgid "See :ref:`implementing-the-arithmetic-operations` for more details."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:174

msgid "Ellipsis"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:172

msgid ""

"This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. "

"This object is accessed through the literal ``...`` or the built-in name "

"``Ellipsis``. Its truth value is true."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:244

msgid ":class:`numbers.Number`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:179

msgid ""

"These are created by numeric literals and returned as results by arithmetic "

"operators and arithmetic built-in functions. Numeric objects are immutable; "

"once created their value never changes. Python numbers are of course "

"strongly related to mathematical numbers, but subject to the limitations of "

"numerical representation in computers."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:185

msgid ""

"Python distinguishes between integers, floating point numbers, and complex "

"numbers:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:219

msgid ":class:`numbers.Integral`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:191

msgid ""

"These represent elements from the mathematical set of integers (positive and "

"negative)."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:194

msgid "There are two types of integers:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:196

msgid "Integers (:class:`int`)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:198

msgid ""

"These represent numbers in an unlimited range, subject to available "

"(virtual) memory only. For the purpose of shift and mask operations, a "

"binary representation is assumed, and negative numbers are represented in a "

"variant of 2's complement which gives the illusion of an infinite string of "

"sign bits extending to the left."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:214

msgid "Booleans (:class:`bool`)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:210

msgid ""

"These represent the truth values False and True. The two objects "

"representing the values ``False`` and ``True`` are the only Boolean objects. "

"The Boolean type is a subtype of the integer type, and Boolean values behave "

"like the values 0 and 1, respectively, in almost all contexts, the exception "

"being that when converted to a string, the strings ``\"False\"`` or ``\"True"

"\"`` are returned, respectively."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:218

msgid ""

"The rules for integer representation are intended to give the most "

"meaningful interpretation of shift and mask operations involving negative "

"integers."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:234

msgid ":class:`numbers.Real` (:class:`float`)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:228

msgid ""

"These represent machine-level double precision floating point numbers. You "

"are at the mercy of the underlying machine architecture (and C or Java "

"implementation) for the accepted range and handling of overflow. Python does "

"not support single-precision floating point numbers; the savings in "

"processor and memory usage that are usually the reason for using these are "

"dwarfed by the overhead of using objects in Python, so there is no reason to "

"complicate the language with two kinds of floating point numbers."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:244

msgid ":class:`numbers.Complex` (:class:`complex`)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:241

msgid ""

"These represent complex numbers as a pair of machine-level double precision "

"floating point numbers. The same caveats apply as for floating point "

"numbers. The real and imaginary parts of a complex number ``z`` can be "

"retrieved through the read-only attributes ``z.real`` and ``z.imag``."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:361

msgid "Sequences"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:254

msgid ""

"These represent finite ordered sets indexed by non-negative numbers. The "

"built-in function :func:`len` returns the number of items of a sequence. "

"When the length of a sequence is *n*, the index set contains the numbers 0, "

"1, ..., *n*-1. Item *i* of sequence *a* is selected by ``a[i]``."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:261

msgid ""

"Sequences also support slicing: ``a[i:j]`` selects all items with index *k* "

"such that *i* ``<=`` *k* ``<`` *j*. When used as an expression, a slice is "

"a sequence of the same type. This implies that the index set is renumbered "

"so that it starts at 0."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:266

msgid ""

"Some sequences also support \"extended slicing\" with a third \"step\" "

"parameter: ``a[i:j:k]`` selects all items of *a* with index *x* where ``x = "

"i + n*k``, *n* ``>=`` ``0`` and *i* ``<=`` *x* ``<`` *j*."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:270

msgid "Sequences are distinguished according to their mutability:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:327

msgid "Immutable sequences"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:277

msgid ""

"An object of an immutable sequence type cannot change once it is created. "

"(If the object contains references to other objects, these other objects may "

"be mutable and may be changed; however, the collection of objects directly "

"referenced by an immutable object cannot change.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:282

msgid "The following types are immutable sequences:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:305

msgid "Strings"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:295

msgid ""

"A string is a sequence of values that represent Unicode code points. All the "

"code points in the range ``U+0000 - U+10FFFF`` can be represented in a "

"string. Python doesn't have a :c:type:`char` type; instead, every code "

"point in the string is represented as a string object with length ``1``. "

"The built-in function :func:`ord` converts a code point from its string form "

"to an integer in the range ``0 - 10FFFF``; :func:`chr` converts an integer "

"in the range ``0 - 10FFFF`` to the corresponding length ``1`` string "

"object. :meth:`str.encode` can be used to convert a :class:`str` to :class:"

"`bytes` using the given text encoding, and :meth:`bytes.decode` can be used "

"to achieve the opposite."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:318

msgid "Tuples"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:313

msgid ""

"The items of a tuple are arbitrary Python objects. Tuples of two or more "

"items are formed by comma-separated lists of expressions. A tuple of one "

"item (a 'singleton') can be formed by affixing a comma to an expression (an "

"expression by itself does not create a tuple, since parentheses must be "

"usable for grouping of expressions). An empty tuple can be formed by an "

"empty pair of parentheses."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:327

msgid "Bytes"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:323

msgid ""

"A bytes object is an immutable array. The items are 8-bit bytes, "

"represented by integers in the range 0 <= x < 256. Bytes literals (like "

"``b'abc'``) and the built-in :func:`bytes()` constructor can be used to "

"create bytes objects. Also, bytes objects can be decoded to strings via "

"the :meth:`~bytes.decode` method."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:361

msgid "Mutable sequences"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:337

msgid ""

"Mutable sequences can be changed after they are created. The subscription "

"and slicing notations can be used as the target of assignment and :keyword:"

"`del` (delete) statements."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:341

msgid "There are currently two intrinsic mutable sequence types:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:348

msgid "Lists"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:346

msgid ""

"The items of a list are arbitrary Python objects. Lists are formed by "

"placing a comma-separated list of expressions in square brackets. (Note that "

"there are no special cases needed to form lists of length 0 or 1.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:356

msgid "Byte Arrays"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:353

msgid ""

"A bytearray object is a mutable array. They are created by the built-in :"

"func:`bytearray` constructor. Aside from being mutable (and hence "

"unhashable), byte arrays otherwise provide the same interface and "

"functionality as immutable :class:`bytes` objects."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:360

msgid ""

"The extension module :mod:`array` provides an additional example of a "

"mutable sequence type, as does the :mod:`collections` module."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:395

msgid "Set types"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:368

msgid ""

"These represent unordered, finite sets of unique, immutable objects. As "

"such, they cannot be indexed by any subscript. However, they can be iterated "

"over, and the built-in function :func:`len` returns the number of items in a "

"set. Common uses for sets are fast membership testing, removing duplicates "

"from a sequence, and computing mathematical operations such as intersection, "

"union, difference, and symmetric difference."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:375

msgid ""

"For set elements, the same immutability rules apply as for dictionary keys. "

"Note that numeric types obey the normal rules for numeric comparison: if two "

"numbers compare equal (e.g., ``1`` and ``1.0``), only one of them can be "

"contained in a set."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:380

msgid "There are currently two intrinsic set types:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:387

msgid "Sets"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:385

msgid ""

"These represent a mutable set. They are created by the built-in :func:`set` "

"constructor and can be modified afterwards by several methods, such as :meth:"

"`~set.add`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:395

msgid "Frozen sets"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:392

msgid ""

"These represent an immutable set. They are created by the built-in :func:"

"`frozenset` constructor. As a frozenset is immutable and :term:`hashable`, "

"it can be used again as an element of another set, or as a dictionary key."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:432

msgid "Mappings"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:403

msgid ""

"These represent finite sets of objects indexed by arbitrary index sets. The "

"subscript notation ``a[k]`` selects the item indexed by ``k`` from the "

"mapping ``a``; this can be used in expressions and as the target of "

"assignments or :keyword:`del` statements. The built-in function :func:`len` "

"returns the number of items in a mapping."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:409

msgid "There is currently a single intrinsic mapping type:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:432

msgid "Dictionaries"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:414

msgid ""

"These represent finite sets of objects indexed by nearly arbitrary values. "

"The only types of values not acceptable as keys are values containing lists "

"or dictionaries or other mutable types that are compared by value rather "

"than by object identity, the reason being that the efficient implementation "

"of dictionaries requires a key's hash value to remain constant. Numeric "

"types used for keys obey the normal rules for numeric comparison: if two "

"numbers compare equal (e.g., ``1`` and ``1.0``) then they can be used "

"interchangeably to index the same dictionary entry."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:423

msgid ""

"Dictionaries are mutable; they can be created by the ``{...}`` notation (see "

"section :ref:`dict`)."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:430

msgid ""

"The extension modules :mod:`dbm.ndbm` and :mod:`dbm.gnu` provide additional "

"examples of mapping types, as does the :mod:`collections` module."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:694

msgid "Callable types"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:441

msgid ""

"These are the types to which the function call operation (see section :ref:"

"`calls`) can be applied:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:542

msgid "User-defined functions"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:450

msgid ""

"A user-defined function object is created by a function definition (see "

"section :ref:`function`). It should be called with an argument list "

"containing the same number of items as the function's formal parameter list."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:455

msgid "Special attributes:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:473

msgid "Attribute"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:473

msgid "Meaning"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:475

msgid ":attr:`__doc__`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:475

msgid ""

"The function's documentation string, or ``None`` if unavailable; not "

"inherited by subclasses."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:475 ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:480

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:483 ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:488

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:492 ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:498

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:508 ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:519

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:526

msgid "Writable"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:480

msgid ":attr:`~definition.\\ __name__`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:480

msgid "The function's name."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:483

msgid ":attr:`~definition.\\ __qualname__`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:483

msgid "The function's :term:`qualified name`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:488

msgid ":attr:`__module__`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:488

msgid ""

"The name of the module the function was defined in, or ``None`` if "

"unavailable."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:492

msgid ":attr:`__defaults__`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:492

msgid ""

"A tuple containing default argument values for those arguments that have "

"defaults, or ``None`` if no arguments have a default value."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:498

msgid ":attr:`__code__`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:498

msgid "The code object representing the compiled function body."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:501

msgid ":attr:`__globals__`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:501

msgid ""

"A reference to the dictionary that holds the function's global variables --- "

"the global namespace of the module in which the function was defined."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:501 ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:512

msgid "Read-only"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:508

msgid ":attr:`~object.__dict__`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:508

msgid "The namespace supporting arbitrary function attributes."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:512

msgid ":attr:`__closure__`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:512

msgid ""

"``None`` or a tuple of cells that contain bindings for the function's free "

"variables. See below for information on the ``cell_contents`` attribute."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:519

msgid ":attr:`__annotations__`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:519

msgid ""

"A dict containing annotations of parameters. The keys of the dict are the "

"parameter names, and ``'return'`` for the return annotation, if provided."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:526

msgid ":attr:`__kwdefaults__`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:526

msgid "A dict containing defaults for keyword-only parameters."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:530

msgid ""

"Most of the attributes labelled \"Writable\" check the type of the assigned "

"value."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:532

msgid ""

"Function objects also support getting and setting arbitrary attributes, "

"which can be used, for example, to attach metadata to functions. Regular "

"attribute dot-notation is used to get and set such attributes. *Note that "

"the current implementation only supports function attributes on user-defined "

"functions. Function attributes on built-in functions may be supported in the "

"future.*"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:538

msgid ""

"A cell object has the attribute ``cell_contents``. This can be used to get "

"the value of the cell, as well as set the value."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:541

msgid ""

"Additional information about a function's definition can be retrieved from "

"its code object; see the description of internal types below."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:611

msgid "Instance methods"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:550

msgid ""

"An instance method object combines a class, a class instance and any "

"callable object (normally a user-defined function)."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:560

msgid ""

"Special read-only attributes: :attr:`__self__` is the class instance "

"object, :attr:`__func__` is the function object; :attr:`__doc__` is the "

"method's documentation (same as ``__func__.__doc__``); :attr:`~definition."

"__name__` is the method name (same as ``__func__.__name__``); :attr:"

"`__module__` is the name of the module the method was defined in, or "

"``None`` if unavailable."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:566

msgid ""

"Methods also support accessing (but not setting) the arbitrary function "

"attributes on the underlying function object."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:569

msgid ""

"User-defined method objects may be created when getting an attribute of a "

"class (perhaps via an instance of that class), if that attribute is a user-"

"defined function object or a class method object."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:573

msgid ""

"When an instance method object is created by retrieving a user-defined "

"function object from a class via one of its instances, its :attr:`__self__` "

"attribute is the instance, and the method object is said to be bound. The "

"new method's :attr:`__func__` attribute is the original function object."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:579

msgid ""

"When a user-defined method object is created by retrieving another method "

"object from a class or instance, the behaviour is the same as for a function "

"object, except that the :attr:`__func__` attribute of the new instance is "

"not the original method object but its :attr:`__func__` attribute."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:585

msgid ""

"When an instance method object is created by retrieving a class method "

"object from a class or instance, its :attr:`__self__` attribute is the class "

"itself, and its :attr:`__func__` attribute is the function object underlying "

"the class method."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:590

msgid ""

"When an instance method object is called, the underlying function (:attr:"

"`__func__`) is called, inserting the class instance (:attr:`__self__`) in "

"front of the argument list. For instance, when :class:`C` is a class which "

"contains a definition for a function :meth:`f`, and ``x`` is an instance of :"

"class:`C`, calling ``x.f(1)`` is equivalent to calling ``C.f(x, 1)``."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:597

msgid ""

"When an instance method object is derived from a class method object, the "

"\"class instance\" stored in :attr:`__self__` will actually be the class "

"itself, so that calling either ``x.f(1)`` or ``C.f(1)`` is equivalent to "

"calling ``f(C,1)`` where ``f`` is the underlying function."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:602

msgid ""

"Note that the transformation from function object to instance method object "

"happens each time the attribute is retrieved from the instance. In some "

"cases, a fruitful optimization is to assign the attribute to a local "

"variable and call that local variable. Also notice that this transformation "

"only happens for user-defined functions; other callable objects (and all non-"

"callable objects) are retrieved without transformation. It is also "

"important to note that user-defined functions which are attributes of a "

"class instance are not converted to bound methods; this *only* happens when "

"the function is an attribute of the class."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:626

msgid "Generator functions"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:618

msgid ""

"A function or method which uses the :keyword:`yield` statement (see section :"

"ref:`yield`) is called a :dfn:`generator function`. Such a function, when "

"called, always returns an iterator object which can be used to execute the "

"body of the function: calling the iterator's :meth:`iterator.__next__` "

"method will cause the function to execute until it provides a value using "

"the :keyword:`!yield` statement. When the function executes a :keyword:"

"`return` statement or falls off the end, a :exc:`StopIteration` exception is "

"raised and the iterator will have reached the end of the set of values to be "

"returned."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:636

msgid "Coroutine functions"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:632

msgid ""

"A function or method which is defined using :keyword:`async def` is called "

"a :dfn:`coroutine function`. Such a function, when called, returns a :term:"

"`coroutine` object. It may contain :keyword:`await` expressions, as well "

"as :keyword:`async with` and :keyword:`async for` statements. See also the :"

"ref:`coroutine-objects` section."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:655

msgid "Asynchronous generator functions"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:643

msgid ""

"A function or method which is defined using :keyword:`async def` and which "

"uses the :keyword:`yield` statement is called a :dfn:`asynchronous generator "

"function`. Such a function, when called, returns an asynchronous iterator "

"object which can be used in an :keyword:`async for` statement to execute the "

"body of the function."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:649

msgid ""

"Calling the asynchronous iterator's :meth:`aiterator.__anext__` method will "

"return an :term:`awaitable` which when awaited will execute until it "

"provides a value using the :keyword:`yield` expression. When the function "

"executes an empty :keyword:`return` statement or falls off the end, a :exc:"

"`StopAsyncIteration` exception is raised and the asynchronous iterator will "

"have reached the end of the set of values to be yielded."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:670

msgid "Built-in functions"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:663

msgid ""

"A built-in function object is a wrapper around a C function. Examples of "

"built-in functions are :func:`len` and :func:`math.sin` (:mod:`math` is a "

"standard built-in module). The number and type of the arguments are "

"determined by the C function. Special read-only attributes: :attr:`__doc__` "

"is the function's documentation string, or ``None`` if unavailable; :attr:"

"`~definition.__name__` is the function's name; :attr:`__self__` is set to "

"``None`` (but see the next item); :attr:`__module__` is the name of the "

"module the function was defined in or ``None`` if unavailable."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:682

msgid "Built-in methods"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:678

msgid ""

"This is really a different disguise of a built-in function, this time "

"containing an object passed to the C function as an implicit extra "

"argument. An example of a built-in method is ``alist.append()``, assuming "

"*alist* is a list object. In this case, the special read-only attribute :"

"attr:`__self__` is set to the object denoted by *alist*."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:689

msgid "Classes"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:685

msgid ""

"Classes are callable. These objects normally act as factories for new "

"instances of themselves, but variations are possible for class types that "

"override :meth:`__new__`. The arguments of the call are passed to :meth:"

"`__new__` and, in the typical case, to :meth:`__init__` to initialize the "

"new instance."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:694

msgid "Class Instances"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:692

msgid ""

"Instances of arbitrary classes can be made callable by defining a :meth:"

"`__call__` method in their class."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:744

msgid "Modules"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:701

msgid ""

"Modules are a basic organizational unit of Python code, and are created by "

"the :ref:`import system <importsystem>` as invoked either by the :keyword:"

"`import` statement, or by calling functions such as :func:`importlib."

"import_module` and built-in :func:`__import__`. A module object has a "

"namespace implemented by a dictionary object (this is the dictionary "

"referenced by the ``__globals__`` attribute of functions defined in the "

"module). Attribute references are translated to lookups in this dictionary, "

"e.g., ``m.x`` is equivalent to ``m.__dict__[\"x\"]``. A module object does "

"not contain the code object used to initialize the module (since it isn't "

"needed once the initialization is done)."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:713

msgid ""

"Attribute assignment updates the module's namespace dictionary, e.g., ``m.x "

"= 1`` is equivalent to ``m.__dict__[\"x\"] = 1``."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:723

msgid ""

"Predefined (writable) attributes: :attr:`__name__` is the module's name; :"

"attr:`__doc__` is the module's documentation string, or ``None`` if "

"unavailable; :attr:`__annotations__` (optional) is a dictionary containing :"

"term:`variable annotations <variable annotation>` collected during module "

"body execution; :attr:`__file__` is the pathname of the file from which the "

"module was loaded, if it was loaded from a file. The :attr:`__file__` "

"attribute may be missing for certain types of modules, such as C modules "

"that are statically linked into the interpreter; for extension modules "

"loaded dynamically from a shared library, it is the pathname of the shared "

"library file."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:736

msgid ""

"Special read-only attribute: :attr:`~object.__dict__` is the module's "

"namespace as a dictionary object."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:741

msgid ""

"Because of the way CPython clears module dictionaries, the module dictionary "

"will be cleared when the module falls out of scope even if the dictionary "

"still has live references. To avoid this, copy the dictionary or keep the "

"module around while using its dictionary directly."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:803

msgid "Custom classes"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:747

msgid ""

"Custom class types are typically created by class definitions (see section :"

"ref:`class`). A class has a namespace implemented by a dictionary object. "

"Class attribute references are translated to lookups in this dictionary, e."

"g., ``C.x`` is translated to ``C.__dict__[\"x\"]`` (although there are a "

"number of hooks which allow for other means of locating attributes). When "

"the attribute name is not found there, the attribute search continues in the "

"base classes. This search of the base classes uses the C3 method resolution "

"order which behaves correctly even in the presence of 'diamond' inheritance "

"structures where there are multiple inheritance paths leading back to a "

"common ancestor. Additional details on the C3 MRO used by Python can be "

"found in the documentation accompanying the 2.3 release at https://www."

"python.org/download/releases/2.3/mro/."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:771

msgid ""

"When a class attribute reference (for class :class:`C`, say) would yield a "

"class method object, it is transformed into an instance method object whose :"

"attr:`__self__` attribute is :class:`C`. When it would yield a static "

"method object, it is transformed into the object wrapped by the static "

"method object. See section :ref:`descriptors` for another way in which "

"attributes retrieved from a class may differ from those actually contained "

"in its :attr:`~object.__dict__`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:781

msgid ""

"Class attribute assignments update the class's dictionary, never the "

"dictionary of a base class."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:786

msgid ""

"A class object can be called (see above) to yield a class instance (see "

"below)."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:796

msgid ""

"Special attributes: :attr:`~definition.__name__` is the class name; :attr:"

"`__module__` is the module name in which the class was defined; :attr:"

"`~object.__dict__` is the dictionary containing the class's namespace; :attr:"

"`~class.__bases__` is a tuple containing the base classes, in the order of "

"their occurrence in the base class list; :attr:`__doc__` is the class's "

"documentation string, or ``None`` if undefined; :attr:`__annotations__` "

"(optional) is a dictionary containing :term:`variable annotations <variable "

"annotation>` collected during class body execution."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:846

msgid "Class instances"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:812

msgid ""