#!/usr/bin/env PYTHONHASHSEED=1234 python3

# Copyright 2014-2019 Brett Slatkin, Pearson Education Inc.

#

# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

# You may obtain a copy of the License at

#

# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

#

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

# Reproduce book environment

import random

random.seed(1234)

import logging

from pprint import pprint

from sys import stdout as STDOUT

# Write all output to a temporary directory

import atexit

import gc

import io

import os

import tempfile

TEST_DIR = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()

atexit.register(TEST_DIR.cleanup)

# Make sure Windows processes exit cleanly

OLD_CWD = os.getcwd()

atexit.register(lambda: os.chdir(OLD_CWD))

os.chdir(TEST_DIR.name)

def close_open_files():

everything = gc.get_objects()

for obj in everything:

if isinstance(obj, io.IOBase):

obj.close()

atexit.register(close_open_files)

# Example 1

# dict fresh_fruit

fresh_fruit = {#standard dict key/value pairs

"apple": 10,

"banana": 8,

"lemon": 5,

}

print(fresh_fruit)

# Example 2

def make_lemonade(count):

# get the value from the dict from key

# => is int part of str:int

# with get method

print(f"Making {count} lemons into lemonade")

def out_of_stock():

print("Out of stock!")

count = fresh_fruit.get("lemon", 0)#get value by key

print(count)

if count: # if count exitst are ther lemons?

# 0 evaluates to false

make_lemonade(count)

else:

out_of_stock()

# Example 3

# if count true then count gets value by assign with ":="

if count := fresh_fruit.get("lemon", 0):#take the value for evaluation in if >0 True

make_lemonade(count)

else:

out_of_stock()

# Example 4

def make_cider(count):

print(f"Making cider with {count} apples")

count = fresh_fruit.get("apple", 0)#get value according to key from dict

print(count)

if count >= 4:

make_cider(count)

else:

out_of_stock()

# Example 5

# short version with direct assign to count variable

if (count := fresh_fruit.get("apple", 0)) >= 4:#assign get value to var and test in compare with if

make_cider(count)

else:

out_of_stock()

# Example 6

def slice_bananas(count):

print(f"Slicing {count} bananas")

return count * 4

class OutOfBananas(Exception):

pass

#out_of_stock()

def make_smoothies(count):

print(f"Making a smoothies with {count} banana slices")

pieces = 0

count = fresh_fruit.get("banana", 0)

if count >= 2:

pieces = slice_bananas(count)

try:

smoothies = make_smoothies(pieces)#if pieces <2 then except

# except not triggered by count in any way why create a class? maybe to trigger except?

except OutOfBananas:

out_of_stock()

class OutOfBananas(Exception):

pass

#def slice_bananas(count):

# return count // 2

# def make_smoothies(count):

# print(f"Making a smoothie with {count} banana slices")

count = fresh_fruit.get("banana", 0)

if count >= 2:

pieces = slice_bananas(count)

try:

smoothies = make_smoothies(pieces)

except OutOfBananas:

#raise OutOfBananas("Not enough bananas to make smoothies")

out_of_stock()

else: #the else is now calling exception

OutOfBananas()

out_of_stock()

# Example 7

# count = fresh_fruit.get("banana", 0)

class OutOfBananas(Exception):

pass

#out_of_stock()

count = 0 # doens't trigger the exception?

if count >= 2:

pieces = slice_bananas(count)

else:

#OutOfBananas()

pieces = 0

try:

smoothies = make_smoothies(pieces)

except OutOfBananas:

out_of_stock()

#==============================

def out_of_stock():

print("Out of stock!")

def slice_bananas(count):

pass

class OutofBananas(Exception):

pass

def make_smoothies(count):

pass

fresh_fruit = {

'apple': 10,

'banana': 0,

'lemon': 5,

}

pieces = 0

count = fresh_fruit.get('banana', 0)

if count >= 2:

pieces = slice_bananas(count)

try:

smoothies = make_smoothies(pieces)

except OutofBananas:

out_of_stock()

=====================

# Example 8

pieces = 0

# direct assign values to count and test

if (count := fresh_fruit.get("banana", 0)) >= 2:

pieces = slice_bananas(count)

try:

smoothies = make_smoothies(pieces)

except OutOfBananas:

out_of_stock()

# Example 9

# no initial values for pieces only if is true and

# else pieces = 0 (even if there is 1 banana)

if (count := fresh_fruit.get("banana", 0)) >= 2: #assign direct to count and evaluate with if

pieces = slice_bananas(count)

else:

pieces = 0

try:

smoothies = make_smoothies(pieces)

except OutOfBananas:

out_of_stock()

# Example 10

# test in steps if/else if true then stop

count = fresh_fruit.get("banana", 0)#get the valu through key

if count >= 2:

pieces = slice_bananas(count)#print the function slice_banabas "Slicing 2 bananas" return of print for var pieces is None by default but there is a retun value in function 4*count

to_enjoy = make_smoothies(pieces) #print the function make_smoothies return print statement is None, no later retun value to add to to_enjoy

else:

count = fresh_fruit.get("apple", 0)

if count >= 4:

to_enjoy = make_cider(count)

else:

count = fresh_fruit.get("lemon", 0)

if count:

to_enjoy = make_lemonade(count)

else:

to_enjoy = "Nothing"

print(to_enjoy) #is None as is the return value from print statement

print(pieces) #return value count*4

# Example 11

# if true then run functions otherwise elif

if (count := fresh_fruit.get("banana", 0)) >= 2:#test and assign in one multiple if/elif or else block

pieces = slice_bananas(count)

to_enjoy = make_smoothies(pieces)

elif (count := fresh_fruit.get("apple", 0)) >= 4:

to_enjoy = make_cider(count)

elif count := fresh_fruit.get("lemon", 0):

to_enjoy = make_lemonade(count)

else:

to_enjoy = "Nothing"

# Example 12

#several dicts in a list

FRUIT_TO_PICK = [

{"apple": 1, "banana": 3},

{"lemon": 2, "lime": 5},

{"orange": 3, "melon": 2},

]

print(FRUIT_TO_PICK)

def pick_fruit():

if FRUIT_TO_PICK:

return FRUIT_TO_PICK.pop(0)

else:

return []

print(FRUIT_TO_PICK)

print(pick_fruit())

def make_juice(fruit, count):#make list of tuples from fruit/count pair

return [(fruit, count)]

#print(make_juice(fruit ,count = fresh_fruit))

bottles = []

#every call of fresh_fruit gives a new dict {'apple': 1, 'banana': 3} etc.

#due to pop(0) over list

fresh_fruit = pick_fruit()

print(fresh_fruit)

while fresh_fruit: #as long as the list is not []

for fruit, count in fresh_fruit.items(): #take key,value from list

batch = make_juice(fruit, count)

bottles.extend(batch)#appand batch to list bottles

fresh_fruit = pick_fruit() #functional code repeat till

#fresh_fruit = [] by pop(0) atribute

print(bottles)

"""_summary_

for fruit, count in fresh_fruit.items(): #take key,value from list

batch = make_juice(fruit, count)

print('batch',batch)

bottles.extend(batch)

print('bottles',bottles)

fresh_fruit = pick_fruit()

"""

# Example 13

FRUIT_TO_PICK = [

{"apple": 1, "banana": 3},

{"lemon": 2, "lime": 5},

{"orange": 3, "melon": 2},

]

print(FRUIT_TO_PICK)

bottles = []

while True: # Loop without end loads all to list

fresh_fruit = pick_fruit() #first set from list by pop(0)

if not fresh_fruit: # And a half => if fresh_fruit = []

#because not false/[] gives True then break the loop

break

#as long as fresh_fruit is True not empty

for fruit, count in fresh_fruit.items():#assign key/value to fruit/count pair from list

batch = make_juice(fruit, count)

bottles.extend(batch)#add to bottles list

print(bottles)

# Example 14

FRUIT_TO_PICK = [

{"apple": 1, "banana": 3},

{"lemon": 2, "lime": 5},

{"orange": 3, "melon": 2},

]

print(FRUIT_TO_PICK)

bottles = []

#as long fresh_fruit is not [] assign set with pop(0)

while fresh_fruit := pick_fruit():#assign to list for all items as long True

for fruit, count in fresh_fruit.items():#loop over list assign to fruit/count pair

batch = make_juice(fruit, count)#make list of tuples

bottles.extend(batch)#add to bottles list

print(fresh_fruit)

print(bottles)