--- title: TypeScript layout: default toc: true nav: rule --- # TypeScript rules for Bazel The TypeScript rules integrate the TypeScript compiler with Bazel. ## Alternatives This package provides Bazel wrappers around the TypeScript compiler. At a high level, there are three alternatives provided: `tsc`, `ts_project`, `ts_library`. This section describes the trade-offs between these rules. ### tsc `tsc` is the TypeScript compiler published by the team at Microsoft. You can call it without any custom Bazel rules. To use this option, you **do not need to install the `@bazel/typescript` package**. The only reason to use raw `tsc` is if you want to compile a directory of `.ts` files and cannot enumerate them ahead-of-time in your BUILD file so that Bazel can predict all the output files. (For example if the `.ts` files are generated by some tool). This will produce an opaque directory of `.js` file outputs, which you won't be able to individually reference. Any other use case for `tsc` is better served by using `ts_project`, see below. Like we do for any npm package that exposes a binary, rules_nodejs will see your dependency on `typescript` and will generate an `index.bzl` file allowing you to run `tsc`. To use it, add the load statement `load("@npm//typescript:index.bzl", "tsc")` to your BUILD file. (Possibly replacing `@npm` with the name of the repository where you installed dependencies) Then call it, using the [`npm_package_bin`](Built-ins#npm_package_bin) documentation. Here is an example: https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_nodejs/blob/3.2.2/internal/node/test/BUILD.bazel#L491-L507 ### ts_project `ts_project` simply runs `tsc --project`, with Bazel knowing which outputs to expect based on the TypeScript compiler options, and with interoperability with other TypeScript rules via the [DeclarationInfo] Provider that transmits the type information. It is intended as an easy on-boarding for existing TypeScript code and should be familiar if your background is in frontend ecosystem idioms. Any behavior of `ts_project` should be reproducible outside of Bazel, with a couple of caveats noted in the rule documentation below. `ts_project` is recommended for all new code. Exhaustive examples of calling `ts_project` are in the test suite: https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_nodejs/tree/stable/packages/typescript/test/ts_project And there are also many uses of it in our [DeclarationInfo]: Built-ins#declarationinfo ### ts_library `ts_library` should not be used for new code, and may be deprecated in the future. `ts_library` is an open-sourced version of the rule used to compile TS code at Google. However there is no support from the team that maintains that internal version. It is very complex, involving code generation of the `tsconfig.json` file, a custom compiler binary, and a lot of extra features. It is also opinionated, and may not work with existing TypeScript code. For example: - Your TS code must compile under the `--declaration` flag so that downstream libraries depend only on types, not implementation. This makes Bazel faster by avoiding cascading rebuilds in cases where the types aren't changed. - We control the output format and module syntax so that downstream rules can rely on them. - Some other options are incompatible. For example you cannot use the `--noEmit` compiler option in `tsconfig.json`. The only reason to use `ts_library` for new code is if you are bought-in to using a [concatjs] bundler, which requires the named AMD module format. This may be faster than other tooling, and this format can be consumed by the Closure Compiler (via integration with [tsickle](https://github.com/angular/tsickle)). However it is very challenging to configure and there is little available support for problems you'll run into. [concatjs]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/@bazel/concatjs ## Installation Add a `devDependency` on `@bazel/typescript` ```sh $ yarn add -D @bazel/typescript # or $ npm install --save-dev @bazel/typescript ``` Watch for any `peerDependency` warnings - we assume you have already installed the `typescript` package from npm. ## Typical Usage The `ts_project` rule invokes the TypeScript compiler on one compilation unit, or "library" (generally one directory of source files). In TypeScript terms, this is one "Project" which can use "Project References" to break up a large application. Create a `BUILD` file next to your sources: ```starlark load("@npm//@bazel/typescript:index.bzl", "ts_project") ts_project( name = "my_code", # glob is a quick way to select all the code, # but has performance penalty in that Bazel must evaluate it. srcs = glob(["*.ts"]), deps = ["//path/to/other:library"], ) ``` Here, `//path/to/other:library` is another target in your repo that produces TypeScript typings (for example, another `ts_project` rule). Be sure to set the `rootDirs` in your tsconfig.json as noted below, so that TypeScript can find the `.d.ts` files produced by that other target. To use third-party libraries from npm, first install them (likely using `npm_install` or `yarn_install` rules) then add those to the `deps` as well: ```starlark ts_project( name = "my_code", srcs = glob(["*.ts"]), deps = [ "@npm//@types/node", "@npm//@types/foo", "@npm//somelib", "//path/to/other:library", ], ) ``` You can also use the `@npm//@types` grouping target which will include all packages in the `@types` scope as dependencies. To build a `ts_library` target run: `bazel build //path/to/package:target` Note that the `tsconfig.json` file used for compilation should be the same one your editor references, or `extends` from it, to keep consistent settings for the TypeScript compiler. Anything you do with TypeScript is possible with `ts_project`, including json imports, type-checking only, transpile only, outdir, rootdir, and so on. See many examples in our test cases: https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_nodejs/tree/stable/packages/typescript/test/ts_project ## ts_config **USAGE**
ts_config(name, deps, src)
Allows a tsconfig.json file to extend another file. Normally, you just give a single `tsconfig.json` file as the tsconfig attribute of a `ts_library` or `ts_project` rule. However, if your `tsconfig.json` uses the `extends` feature from TypeScript, then the Bazel implementation needs to know about that extended configuration file as well, to pass them both to the TypeScript compiler. **ATTRIBUTES**

name

(*Name, mandatory*): A unique name for this target.

deps

(*List of labels*): Additional tsconfig.json files referenced via extends Defaults to `[]`

src

(*Label, mandatory*): The tsconfig.json file passed to the TypeScript compiler ## ts_library **USAGE**
ts_library(name, angular_assets, compiler, data, deps, devmode_module, devmode_target,
           expected_diagnostics, generate_externs, internal_testing_type_check_dependencies,
           link_workspace_root, module_name, module_root, prodmode_module, prodmode_target, runtime,
           runtime_deps, srcs, supports_workers, tsconfig, tsickle_typed, use_angular_plugin)
type-check and compile a set of TypeScript sources to JavaScript. It produces declarations files (`.d.ts`) which are used for compiling downstream TypeScript targets and JavaScript for the browser and Closure compiler. By default, `ts_library` uses the `tsconfig.json` file in the workspace root directory. See the notes about the `tsconfig` attribute below. ## Serving TypeScript for development `ts_library` is typically served by the concatjs_devserver rule, documented in the `@bazel/concatjs` package. ## Accessing JavaScript outputs The default output of the `ts_library` rule is the `.d.ts` files. This is for a couple reasons: - help ensure that downstream rules which access default outputs will not require a cascading re-build when only the implementation changes but not the types - make you think about whether you want the `devmode` (named `UMD`) or `prodmode` outputs You can access the JS output by adding a `filegroup` rule after the `ts_library`, for example ```python ts_library( name = "compile", srcs = ["thing.ts"], ) filegroup( name = "thing.js", srcs = ["compile"], # Change to es6_sources to get the 'prodmode' JS output_group = "es5_sources", ) my_rule( name = "uses_js", deps = ["thing.js"], ) ``` **ATTRIBUTES**

name

(*Name, mandatory*): A unique name for this target.

angular_assets

(*List of labels*): Additional files the Angular compiler will need to read as inputs. Includes .css and .html files Defaults to `[]`

compiler

(*Label*): Sets a different TypeScript compiler binary to use for this library. For example, we use the vanilla TypeScript tsc.js for bootstrapping, and Angular compilations can replace this with `ngc`. The default ts_library compiler depends on the `//@bazel/typescript` target which is setup for projects that use bazel managed npm deps and install the @bazel/typescript npm package. You can also use a custom compiler to increase the NodeJS heap size used for compilations. To do this, declare your own binary for running `tsc_wrapped`, e.g.: ```python nodejs_binary( name = "tsc_wrapped_bin", entry_point = "@npm//:node_modules/@bazel/typescript/internal/tsc_wrapped/tsc_wrapped.js", templated_args = [ "--node_options=--max-old-space-size=2048", ], data = [ "@npm//protobufjs", "@npm//source-map-support", "@npm//tsutils", "@npm//typescript", "@npm//@bazel/typescript", ], ) ``` then refer to that target in the `compiler` attribute. Note that `nodejs_binary` targets generated by `npm_install`/`yarn_install` can include data dependencies on packages which aren't declared as dependencies. For example, if you use [tsickle](https://github.com/angular/tsickle) to generate Closure Compiler-compatible JS, then it needs to be a data dependency of `tsc_wrapped` so that it can be loaded at runtime. Defaults to `@build_bazel_rules_typescript//internal:tsc_wrapped_bin`

data

(*List of labels*) Defaults to `[]`

deps

(*List of labels*): Compile-time dependencies, typically other ts_library targets Defaults to `[]`

devmode_module

(*String*): Set the typescript `module` compiler option for devmode output. This value will override the `module` option in the user supplied tsconfig. Defaults to `"umd"`

devmode_target

(*String*): Set the typescript `target` compiler option for devmode output. This value will override the `target` option in the user supplied tsconfig. Defaults to `"es2015"`

expected_diagnostics

(*List of strings*) Defaults to `[]`

generate_externs

(*Boolean*) Defaults to `True`

internal_testing_type_check_dependencies

(*Boolean*): Testing only, whether to type check inputs that aren't srcs. Defaults to `False` (*Boolean*): Link the workspace root to the bin_dir to support absolute requires like 'my_wksp/path/to/file'. If source files need to be required then they can be copied to the bin_dir with copy_to_bin. Defaults to `False`

module_name

(*String*) Defaults to `""`

module_root

(*String*) Defaults to `""`

prodmode_module

(*String*): Set the typescript `module` compiler option for prodmode output. This value will override the `module` option in the user supplied tsconfig. Defaults to `"esnext"`

prodmode_target

(*String*): Set the typescript `target` compiler option for prodmode output. This value will override the `target` option in the user supplied tsconfig. Defaults to `"es2015"`

runtime

(*String*) Defaults to `"browser"`

runtime_deps

(*List of labels*) The dependencies of this attribute must provide: JsInfo Defaults to `[]`

srcs

(*List of labels, mandatory*): The TypeScript source files to compile.

supports_workers

(*Boolean*): Intended for internal use only. Allows you to disable the Bazel Worker strategy for this library. Typically used together with the "compiler" setting when using a non-worker aware compiler binary. Defaults to `True`

tsconfig

(*Label*): A tsconfig.json file containing settings for TypeScript compilation. Note that some properties in the tsconfig are governed by Bazel and will be overridden, such as `target` and `module`. The default value is set to `//:tsconfig.json` by a macro. This means you must either: - Have your `tsconfig.json` file in the workspace root directory - Use an alias in the root BUILD.bazel file to point to the location of tsconfig: `alias(name="tsconfig.json", actual="//path/to:tsconfig-something.json")` and also make the tsconfig.json file visible to other Bazel packages: `exports_files(["tsconfig.json"], visibility = ["//visibility:public"])` - Give an explicit `tsconfig` attribute to all `ts_library` targets Defaults to `None`

tsickle_typed

(*Boolean*): If using tsickle, instruct it to translate types to ClosureJS format Defaults to `True`

use_angular_plugin

(*Boolean*): Run the Angular ngtsc compiler under ts_library Defaults to `False` ## ts_project **USAGE**
ts_project(name, tsconfig, srcs, args, deps, extends, allow_js, declaration, source_map,
           declaration_map, preserve_jsx, composite, incremental, emit_declaration_only,
           ts_build_info_file, tsc, typescript_package, typescript_require_path, validate,
           supports_workers, declaration_dir, out_dir, root_dir, link_workspace_root, kwargs)
Compiles one TypeScript project using `tsc --project` This is a drop-in replacement for the `tsc` rule automatically generated for the "typescript" package, typically loaded from `@npm//typescript:index.bzl`. Unlike bare `tsc`, this rule understands the Bazel interop mechanism (Providers) so that this rule works with others that produce or consume TypeScript typings (`.d.ts` files). Unlike `ts_library`, this rule is the thinnest possible layer of Bazel interoperability on top of the TypeScript compiler. It shifts the burden of configuring TypeScript into the tsconfig.json file. See https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_nodejs/blob/master/docs/TypeScript.md#alternatives for more details about the trade-offs between the two rules. Some TypeScript options affect which files are emitted, and Bazel wants to know these ahead-of-time. So several options from the tsconfig file must be mirrored as attributes to ts_project. See https://www.typescriptlang.org/v2/en/tsconfig for a listing of the TypeScript options. Any code that works with `tsc` should work with `ts_project` with a few caveats: - Bazel requires that the `outDir` (and `declarationDir`) be set to `bazel-out/[target architecture]/bin/path/to/package` so we override whatever settings appear in your tsconfig. - Bazel expects that each output is produced by a single rule. Thus if you have two `ts_project` rules with overlapping sources (the same `.ts` file appears in more than one) then you get an error about conflicting `.js` output files if you try to build both together. Worse, if you build them separately then the output directory will contain whichever one you happened to build most recently. This is highly discouraged. > Note: in order for TypeScript to resolve relative references to the bazel-out folder, > we recommend that the base tsconfig contain a rootDirs section that includes all > possible locations they may appear. > > We hope this will not be needed in some future release of TypeScript. > Follow https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/37257 for more info. > > For example, if the base tsconfig file relative to the workspace root is > `path/to/tsconfig.json` then you should configure like: > > ``` > "compilerOptions": { > "rootDirs": [ > ".", > "../../bazel-out/host/bin/path/to", > "../../bazel-out/darwin-fastbuild/bin/path/to", > "../../bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/path/to", > "../../bazel-out/x64_windows-fastbuild/bin/path/to", > "../../bazel-out/darwin-dbg/bin/path/to", > "../../bazel-out/k8-dbg/bin/path/to", > "../../bazel-out/x64_windows-dbg/bin/path/to", > ] > } > ``` > > See some related discussion including both "rootDirs" and "paths" for a monorepo setup > using custom import paths: > https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_nodejs/issues/2298 ### Issues when running non-sandboxed When using a non-sandboxed spawn strategy (which is the default on Windows), you may observe these problems which require workarounds: 1) Bazel deletes outputs from the previous execution before running `tsc`. This causes a problem with TypeScript's incremental mode: if the `.tsbuildinfo` file is not known to be an output of the rule, then Bazel will leave it in the output directory, and when `tsc` runs, it may see that the outputs written by the prior invocation are up-to-date and skip the emit of these files. This will cause Bazel to intermittently fail with an error that some outputs were not written. This is why we depend on `composite` and/or `incremental` attributes to be provided, so we can tell Bazel to expect a `.tsbuildinfo` output to ensure it is deleted before a subsequent compilation. At present, we don't do anything useful with the `.tsbuildinfo` output, and this rule does not actually have incremental behavior. Deleting the file is actually counter-productive in terms of TypeScript compile performance. Follow https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_nodejs/issues/1726 2) When using Project References, TypeScript will expect to verify that the outputs of referenced projects are up-to-date with respect to their inputs. (This is true even without using the `--build` option). When using a non-sandboxed spawn strategy, `tsc` can read the sources from other `ts_project` rules in your project, and will expect that the `tsconfig.json` file for those references will indicate where the outputs were written. However the `outDir` is determined by this Bazel rule so it cannot be known from reading the `tsconfig.json` file. This problem is manifested as a TypeScript diagnostic like `error TS6305: Output file '/path/to/execroot/a.d.ts' has not been built from source file '/path/to/execroot/a.ts'.` As a workaround, you can give the Windows "fastbuild" output directory as the `outDir` in your tsconfig file. On other platforms, the value isn't read so it does no harm. See https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_nodejs/tree/stable/packages/typescript/test/ts_project as an example. We hope this will be fixed in a future release of TypeScript; follow https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/37378 3) When TypeScript encounters an import statement, it adds the source file resolved by that reference to the program. However you may have included that source file in a different project, so this causes the problem mentioned above where a source file is in multiple programs. (Note, if you use Project References this is not the case, TS will know the referenced file is part of the other program.) This will result in duplicate emit for the same file, which produces an error since the files written to the output tree are read-only. Workarounds include using using Project References, or simply grouping the whole compilation into one program (if this doesn't exceed your time budget). **PARAMETERS**

name

A name for the target. We recommend you use the basename (no `.json` extension) of the tsconfig file that should be compiled. Defaults to `"tsconfig"`

tsconfig

Label of the tsconfig.json file to use for the compilation To support "chaining" of more than one extended config, this label could be a target that provdes `TsConfigInfo` such as `ts_config`. By default, we assume the tsconfig file is named by adding `.json` to the `name` attribute. EXPERIMENTAL: generated tsconfig Instead of a label, you can pass a dictionary of tsconfig keys. In this case, a tsconfig.json file will be generated for this compilation, in the following way: - all top-level keys will be copied by converting the dict to json. So `tsconfig = {"compilerOptions": {"declaration": True}}` will result in a generated `tsconfig.json` with `{"compilerOptions": {"declaration": true}}` - each file in srcs will be converted to a relative path in the `files` section. - the `extends` attribute will be converted to a relative path Note that you can mix and match attributes and compilerOptions properties, so these are equivalent: ``` ts_project( tsconfig = { "compilerOptions": { "declaration": True, }, }, ) ``` and ``` ts_project( declaration = True, ) ``` Defaults to `None`

srcs

List of labels of TypeScript source files to be provided to the compiler. If absent, defaults to `**/*.ts[x]` (all TypeScript files in the package). Defaults to `None`

args

List of strings of additional command-line arguments to pass to tsc. Defaults to `[]`

deps

List of labels of other rules that produce TypeScript typings (.d.ts files) Defaults to `[]`

extends

Label of the tsconfig file referenced in the `extends` section of tsconfig To support "chaining" of more than one extended config, this label could be a target that provdes `TsConfigInfo` such as `ts_config`. Defaults to `None`

allow_js

boolean; Specifies whether TypeScript will read .js and .jsx files. When used with declaration, TypeScript will generate .d.ts files from .js files. Defaults to `False`

declaration

if the `declaration` bit is set in the tsconfig. Instructs Bazel to expect a `.d.ts` output for each `.ts` source. Defaults to `False`

source_map

if the `sourceMap` bit is set in the tsconfig. Instructs Bazel to expect a `.js.map` output for each `.ts` source. Defaults to `False`

declaration_map

if the `declarationMap` bit is set in the tsconfig. Instructs Bazel to expect a `.d.ts.map` output for each `.ts` source. Defaults to `False`

preserve_jsx

if the `jsx` value is set to "preserve" in the tsconfig. Instructs Bazel to expect a `.jsx` or `.jsx.map` output for each `.tsx` source. Defaults to `False`

composite

if the `composite` bit is set in the tsconfig. Instructs Bazel to expect a `.tsbuildinfo` output and a `.d.ts` output for each `.ts` source. Defaults to `False`

incremental

if the `incremental` bit is set in the tsconfig. Instructs Bazel to expect a `.tsbuildinfo` output. Defaults to `False`

emit_declaration_only

if the `emitDeclarationOnly` bit is set in the tsconfig. Instructs Bazel *not* to expect `.js` or `.js.map` outputs for `.ts` sources. Defaults to `False`

ts_build_info_file

the user-specified value of `tsBuildInfoFile` from the tsconfig. Helps Bazel to predict the path where the .tsbuildinfo output is written. Defaults to `None`

tsc

Label of the TypeScript compiler binary to run. For example, `tsc = "@my_deps//typescript/bin:tsc"` Or you can pass a custom compiler binary instead. Defaults to `None`

typescript_package

Label of the package containing all data deps of tsc. For example, `typescript_package = "@my_deps//typescript"` Defaults to `"@npm//typescript"`

typescript_require_path

Module name which resolves to typescript_package when required For example, `typescript_require_path = "typescript"` Defaults to `"typescript"`

validate

boolean; whether to check that the tsconfig settings match the attributes. Defaults to `True`

supports_workers

Experimental! Use only with caution. Allows you to enable the Bazel Persistent Workers strategy for this project. See https://docs.bazel.build/versions/master/persistent-workers.html This requires that the tsc binary support a `--watch` option. NOTE: this does not work on Windows yet. We will silently fallback to non-worker mode on Windows regardless of the value of this attribute. Follow https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_nodejs/issues/2277 for progress on this feature. Defaults to `False`

declaration_dir

a string specifying a subdirectory under the bazel-out folder where generated declaration outputs are written. Equivalent to the TypeScript --declarationDir option. By default declarations are written to the out_dir. Defaults to `None`

out_dir

a string specifying a subdirectory under the bazel-out folder where outputs are written. Equivalent to the TypeScript --outDir option. Note that Bazel always requires outputs be written under a subdirectory matching the input package, so if your rule appears in path/to/my/package/BUILD.bazel and out_dir = "foo" then the .js files will appear in bazel-out/[arch]/bin/path/to/my/package/foo/*.js. By default the out_dir is '.', meaning the packages folder in bazel-out. Defaults to `None`

root_dir

a string specifying a subdirectory under the input package which should be consider the root directory of all the input files. Equivalent to the TypeScript --rootDir option. By default it is '.', meaning the source directory where the BUILD file lives. Defaults to `None` Link the workspace root to the bin_dir to support absolute requires like 'my_wksp/path/to/file'. If source files need to be required then they can be copied to the bin_dir with copy_to_bin. Defaults to `False`

kwargs

passed through to underlying rule, allows eg. visibility, tags