from urllib import parse

def replace_query_param(url: str, key: str, val: int) -> str:

"""

Given a URL and a key/val pair, set or replace an item in the query

parameters of the URL, and return the new URL.

"""

(scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment) = parse.urlsplit(str(url))

query_dict = parse.parse_qs(query, keep_blank_values=True)

query_dict[str(key)] = [str("{}".format(val))]

query = parse.urlencode(sorted(query_dict.items()), doseq=True)

return parse.urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment))

def remove_query_param(url: str, key: str) -> str:

"""

Given a URL and a key/val pair, remove an item in the query

parameters of the URL, and return the new URL.

"""

(scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment) = parse.urlsplit(str(url))

query_dict = parse.parse_qs(query, keep_blank_values=True)

query_dict.pop(key, None)

query = parse.urlencode(sorted(query_dict.items()), doseq=True)

return parse.urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment))