python-cmd2
diff --git a/‎README.md‎
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diff --git a/‎cmd2.py‎
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diff --git a/‎examples/alias_startup.py‎
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diff --git a/‎examples/arg_print.py‎
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diff --git a/‎examples/argparse_example.py‎
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diff --git a/‎examples/environment.py‎
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diff --git a/‎examples/event_loops.py‎
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diff --git a/‎examples/example.py‎
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diff --git a/‎examples/help_categories.py‎
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diff --git a/‎examples/paged_output.py‎
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@@ -57,8 +57,7 @@ pip install -U cmd2
 ```
 
 cmd2 works with Python 3.4+ on Windows, macOS, and Linux. It is pure Python code with
-the only 3rd-party dependencies being on [six](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/six),
-[pyparsing](http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com), and [pyperclip](https://github.com/asweigart/pyperclip).
+the only 3rd-party dependencies being on [pyparsing](http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com), and [pyperclip](https://github.com/asweigart/pyperclip).
 Windows has an additional dependency on [pyreadline](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyreadline). Non-Windows platforms
 have an additional dependency on [wcwidth](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/wcwidth). Finally, Python
 3.4 has an additional dependency on [contextlib2](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/contextlib2).
 
@@ -32,12 +32,13 @@
 import functools
 import glob
 import io
+from io import StringIO
 import os
 import platform
 import re
 import shlex
 import signal
-import six
+import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import traceback
@@ -51,17 +52,15 @@
 
 import pyparsing
 import pyperclip
+from pyperclip import PyperclipException
+import six.moves as sm  # Used for sm.input
 
 # Collection is a container that is sizable and iterable
 # It was introduced in Python 3.6. We will try to import it, otherwise use our implementation
 try:
     from collections.abc import Collection, Iterable
 except ImportError:
-
-    if six.PY3:
-        from collections.abc import Sized, Iterable, Container
-    else:
-        from collections import Sized, Iterable, Container
+    from collections.abc import Sized, Iterable, Container
 
     # noinspection PyAbstractClass
     class Collection(Sized, Iterable, Container):
@@ -78,44 +77,12 @@ def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
                     return True
             return NotImplemented
 
-# Newer versions of pyperclip are released as a single file, but older versions had a more complicated structure
-try:
-    from pyperclip.exceptions import PyperclipException
-except ImportError:
-    # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
-    from pyperclip import PyperclipException
-
-# next(it) gets next item of iterator it. This is a replacement for calling it.next() in Python 2 and next(it) in Py3
-from six import next
-
-# Possible types for text data. This is basestring() in Python 2 and str in Python 3.
-from six import string_types
-
-# Used for sm.input: raw_input() for Python 2 or input() for Python 3
-import six.moves as sm
-
-# itertools.zip() for Python 2 or zip() for Python 3 - produces an iterator in both cases
-from six.moves import zip
-
-# If using Python 2.7, try to use the subprocess32 package backported from Python 3.2 due to various improvements
-# NOTE: The feature to pipe output to a shell command won't work correctly in Python 2.7 without this
-try:
-    # noinspection PyPackageRequirements
-    import subprocess32 as subprocess
-except ImportError:
-    import subprocess
-
-# Python 3.4 and earlier require contextlib2 for temporarily redirecting stderr and stdout
+# Python 3.4 require contextlib2 for temporarily redirecting stderr and stdout
 if sys.version_info < (3, 5):
     from contextlib2 import redirect_stdout, redirect_stderr
 else:
     from contextlib import redirect_stdout, redirect_stderr
 
-if six.PY3:
-    from io import StringIO  # Python3
-else:
-    from io import BytesIO as StringIO  # Python2
-
 # Detect whether IPython is installed to determine if the built-in "ipy" command should be included
 ipython_available = True
 try:
@@ -136,14 +103,12 @@ def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
     except ImportError:
         pass
 
-
 # Check what implementation of readline we are using
 class RlType(Enum):
     GNU = 1
     PYREADLINE = 2
     NONE = 3
 
-
 rl_type = RlType.NONE
 
 if 'pyreadline' in sys.modules:
@@ -167,25 +132,6 @@ class RlType(Enum):
     rl_basic_quote_characters = ctypes.c_char_p.in_dll(readline_lib, "rl_basic_quote_characters")
     orig_rl_basic_quote_characters_addr = ctypes.cast(rl_basic_quote_characters, ctypes.c_void_p).value
 
-
-# BrokenPipeError and FileNotFoundError exist only in Python 3. Use IOError for Python 2.
-if six.PY3:
-    BROKEN_PIPE_ERROR = BrokenPipeError
-    FILE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR = FileNotFoundError
-else:
-    BROKEN_PIPE_ERROR = FILE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR = IOError
-
-# On some systems, pyperclip will import gtk for its clipboard functionality.
-# The following code is a workaround for gtk interfering with printing from a background
-# thread while the CLI thread is blocking in raw_input() in Python 2 on Linux.
-if six.PY2 and sys.platform.startswith('lin'):
-    try:
-        # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
-        import gtk
-        gtk.set_interactive(0)
-    except ImportError:
-        pass
-
 __version__ = '0.9.0'
 
 # Pyparsing enablePackrat() can greatly speed up parsing, but problems have been seen in Python 3 in the past
@@ -250,8 +196,7 @@ def set_strip_quotes(val):
 def _which(editor):
     try:
         editor_path = subprocess.check_output(['which', editor], stderr=subprocess.STDOUT).strip()
-        if six.PY3:
-            editor_path = editor_path.decode()
+        editor_path = editor_path.decode()
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
         editor_path = None
     return editor_path
@@ -431,12 +376,6 @@ def get_paste_buffer():
     :return: str - contents of the clipboard
     """
     pb_str = pyperclip.paste()
-
-    # If value returned from the clipboard is unicode and this is Python 2, convert to a "normal" Python 2 string first
-    if six.PY2 and not isinstance(pb_str, str):
-        import unicodedata
-        pb_str = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', pb_str).encode('ascii', 'ignore')
-
     return pb_str
 
 
@@ -659,7 +598,7 @@ def enter_submenu(parent_cmd, line):
             if self.persistent_history_file:
                 try:
                     readline.read_history_file(self.persistent_history_file)
-                except FILE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+                except FileNotFoundError:
                     pass
 
             try:
@@ -843,12 +782,12 @@ def __init__(self, completekey='tab', stdin=None, stdout=None, persistent_histor
                 readline.read_history_file(persistent_history_file)
                 # default history len is -1 (infinite), which may grow unruly
                 readline.set_history_length(persistent_history_length)
-            except FILE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+            except FileNotFoundError:
                 pass
             atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, persistent_history_file)
 
-        # Call super class constructor.  Need to do it in this way for Python 2 and 3 compatibility
-        cmd.Cmd.__init__(self, completekey=completekey, stdin=stdin, stdout=stdout)
+        # Call super class constructor
+        super().__init__(completekey=completekey, stdin=stdin, stdout=stdout)
 
         # Commands to exclude from the help menu and tab completion
         self.hidden_commands = ['eof', 'eos', '_relative_load']
@@ -974,7 +913,7 @@ def poutput(self, msg, end='\n'):
                 self.stdout.write(msg_str)
                 if not msg_str.endswith(end):
                     self.stdout.write(end)
-            except BROKEN_PIPE_ERROR:
+            except BrokenPipeError:
                 # This occurs if a command's output is being piped to another process and that process closes before the
                 # command is finished. If you would like your application to print a warning message, then set the
                 # broken_pipe_warning attribute to the message you want printed.
@@ -1066,7 +1005,7 @@ def ppaged(self, msg, end='\n'):
                     self.pipe_proc = None
                 else:
                     self.stdout.write(msg_str)
-            except BROKEN_PIPE_ERROR:
+            except BrokenPipeError:
                 # This occurs if a command's output is being piped to another process and that process closes before the
                 # command is finished. If you would like your application to print a warning message, then set the
                 # broken_pipe_warning attribute to the message you want printed.
@@ -1708,12 +1647,8 @@ def _display_matches_gnu_readline(self, substitution, matches, longest_match_len
 
             # We will use readline's display function (rl_display_match_list()), so we
             # need to encode our string as bytes to place in a C array.
-            if six.PY3:
-                encoded_substitution = bytes(substitution, encoding='utf-8')
-                encoded_matches = [bytes(cur_match, encoding='utf-8') for cur_match in matches_to_display]
-            else:
-                encoded_substitution = bytes(substitution)
-                encoded_matches = [bytes(cur_match) for cur_match in matches_to_display]
+            encoded_substitution = bytes(substitution, encoding='utf-8')
+            encoded_matches = [bytes(cur_match, encoding='utf-8') for cur_match in matches_to_display]
 
             # rl_display_match_list() expects matches to be in argv format where
             # substitution is the first element, followed by the matches, and then a NULL.
@@ -2300,19 +2235,12 @@ def _redirect_output(self, statement):
             # Create a pipe with read and write sides
             read_fd, write_fd = os.pipe()
 
-            # Make sure that self.poutput() expects unicode strings in Python 3 and byte strings in Python 2
-            write_mode = 'w'
-            read_mode = 'r'
-            if six.PY2:
-                write_mode = 'wb'
-                read_mode = 'rb'
-
             # Open each side of the pipe and set stdout accordingly
             # noinspection PyTypeChecker
-            self.stdout = io.open(write_fd, write_mode)
+            self.stdout = io.open(write_fd, 'w')
             self.redirecting = True
             # noinspection PyTypeChecker
-            subproc_stdin = io.open(read_fd, read_mode)
+            subproc_stdin = io.open(read_fd, 'r')
 
             # We want Popen to raise an exception if it fails to open the process.  Thus we don't set shell to True.
             try:
@@ -2359,7 +2287,7 @@ def _restore_output(self, statement):
             try:
                 # Close the file or pipe that stdout was redirected to
                 self.stdout.close()
-            except BROKEN_PIPE_ERROR:
+            except BrokenPipeError:
                 pass
             finally:
                 # Restore self.stdout
@@ -2584,9 +2512,8 @@ def _cmdloop(self):
                 elif rl_type == RlType.PYREADLINE:
                     readline.rl.mode._display_completions = orig_pyreadline_display
 
-            # Need to set empty list this way because Python 2 doesn't support the clear() method on lists
-            self.cmdqueue = []
-            self._script_dir = []
+            self.cmdqueue.clear()
+            self._script_dir.clear()
 
             return stop
 
@@ -2857,11 +2784,11 @@ def select(self, opts, prompt='Your choice? '):
                                    that the return value can differ from
                                    the text advertised to the user """
         local_opts = opts
-        if isinstance(opts, string_types):
+        if isinstance(opts, str):
             local_opts = list(zip(opts.split(), opts.split()))
         fulloptions = []
         for opt in local_opts:
-            if isinstance(opt, string_types):
+            if isinstance(opt, str):
                 fulloptions.append((opt, opt))
             else:
                 try:
@@ -3422,10 +3349,8 @@ def do_load(self, arglist):
         try:
             # Read all lines of the script and insert into the head of the
             # command queue. Add an "end of script (eos)" command to cleanup the
-            # self._script_dir list when done. Specify file encoding in Python
-            # 3, but Python 2 doesn't allow that argument to open().
-            kwargs = {'encoding': 'utf-8'} if six.PY3 else {}
-            with open(expanded_path, **kwargs) as target:
+            # self._script_dir list when done.
+            with open(expanded_path, encoding='utf-8') as target:
                 self.cmdqueue = target.read().splitlines() + ['eos'] + self.cmdqueue
         except IOError as e:
             self.perror('Problem accessing script from {}:\n{}'.format(expanded_path, e))
@@ -4129,10 +4054,6 @@ def __bool__(self):
         """If err is an empty string, treat the result as a success; otherwise treat it as a failure."""
         return not self.err
 
-    def __nonzero__(self):
-        """Python 2 uses this method for determining Truthiness"""
-        return self.__bool__()
-
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     # If run as the main application, simply start a bare-bones cmd2 application with only built-in functionality.
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class AliasAndStartup(cmd2.Cmd):
     """ Example cmd2 application where we create commands that just print the arguments they are called with."""
 
     def __init__(self):
-        cmd2.Cmd.__init__(self, startup_script='.cmd2rc')
+        super().__init__(startup_script='.cmd2rc')
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def __init__(self):
         self.shortcuts.update({'$': 'aprint', '%': 'oprint'})
 
         # Make sure to call this super class __init__ *after* setting commentGrammars and/or updating shortcuts
-        cmd2.Cmd.__init__(self)
+        super().__init__()
         # NOTE: It is critical that the super class __init__ method be called AFTER updating certain parameters which
         # are not settable at runtime.  This includes the commentGrammars, shortcuts, multilineCommands, etc.
 
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def __init__(self, ip_addr=None, port=None, transcript_files=None):
         self.settable['maxrepeats'] = 'Max number of `--repeat`s allowed'
 
         # Set use_ipython to True to enable the "ipy" command which embeds and interactive IPython shell
-        Cmd.__init__(self, use_ipython=False, transcript_files=transcript_files)
+        super().__init__(use_ipython=False, transcript_files=transcript_files)
 
         # Disable cmd's usage of command-line arguments as commands to be run at invocation
         # self.allow_cli_args = False
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class EnvironmentApp(Cmd):
     def __init__(self):
         self.settable.update({'degrees_c': 'Temperature in Celsius'})
         self.settable.update({'sunny': 'Is it sunny outside?'})
-        Cmd.__init__(self)
+        super().__init__()
 
     def do_sunbathe(self, arg):
         if self.degrees_c < 20:
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 class Cmd2EventBased(cmd2.Cmd):
     """Basic example of how to run cmd2 without it controlling the main loop."""
     def __init__(self):
-        cmd2.Cmd.__init__(self)
+        super().__init__()
 
     # ... your class code here ...
 
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def __init__(self):
         self.shortcuts.update({'&': 'speak'})
 
         # Set use_ipython to True to enable the "ipy" command which embeds and interactive IPython shell
-        Cmd.__init__(self, use_ipython=False)
+        super().__init__(use_ipython=False)
 
     speak_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     speak_parser.add_argument('-p', '--piglatin', action='store_true', help='atinLay')
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class HelpCategories(Cmd):
 
     def __init__(self):
         # Set use_ipython to True to enable the "ipy" command which embeds and interactive IPython shell
-        Cmd.__init__(self, use_ipython=False)
+        super().__init__(use_ipython=False)
 
     def do_connect(self, _):
         """Connect command"""
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class PagedOutput(cmd2.Cmd):
     """ Example cmd2 application where we create commands that just print the arguments they are called with."""
 
     def __init__(self):
-        cmd2.Cmd.__init__(self)
+        super().__init__()
 
     @with_argument_list
     def do_page_file(self, args):