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# Sean Chao <seanchao0804@gmail.com>, 2020

# Freesand Leo <yuqinju@163.com>, 2021

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#, fuzzy

msgid ""

msgstr ""

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"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-05-30 11:49+0000\n"

"Last-Translator: Rafael Fontenelle <rffontenelle@gmail.com>, 2024\n"

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"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:8

msgid "Memory Management"

msgstr "内存管理"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:17

msgid "Overview"

msgstr "概述"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:19

msgid ""

"Memory management in Python involves a private heap containing all Python "

"objects and data structures. The management of this private heap is ensured "

"internally by the *Python memory manager*. The Python memory manager has "

"different components which deal with various dynamic storage management "

"aspects, like sharing, segmentation, preallocation or caching."

msgstr ""

"在 Python 中，内存管理涉及到一个包含所有 Python 对象和数据结构的私有堆（heap）。这个私有堆的管理由内部的 *Python "

"内存管理器（Python memory manager）* 保证。Python "

"内存管理器有不同的组件来处理各种动态存储管理方面的问题，如共享、分割、预分配或缓存。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:25

msgid ""

"At the lowest level, a raw memory allocator ensures that there is enough "

"room in the private heap for storing all Python-related data by interacting "

"with the memory manager of the operating system. On top of the raw memory "

"allocator, several object-specific allocators operate on the same heap and "

"implement distinct memory management policies adapted to the peculiarities "

"of every object type. For example, integer objects are managed differently "

"within the heap than strings, tuples or dictionaries because integers imply "

"different storage requirements and speed/space tradeoffs. The Python memory "

"manager thus delegates some of the work to the object-specific allocators, "

"but ensures that the latter operate within the bounds of the private heap."

msgstr ""

"在最底层，一个原始内存分配器通过与操作系统的内存管理器交互，确保私有堆中有足够的空间来存储所有与 Python "

"相关的数据。在原始内存分配器的基础上，几个对象特定的分配器在同一堆上运行，并根据每种对象类型的特点实现不同的内存管理策略。例如，整数对象在堆内的管理方式不同于字符串、元组或字典，因为整数需要不同的存储需求和速度与空间的权衡。因此，Python"

" 内存管理器将一些工作分配给对象特定分配器，但确保后者在私有堆的范围内运行。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:36

msgid ""

"It is important to understand that the management of the Python heap is "

"performed by the interpreter itself and that the user has no control over "

"it, even if they regularly manipulate object pointers to memory blocks "

"inside that heap. The allocation of heap space for Python objects and other"

" internal buffers is performed on demand by the Python memory manager "

"through the Python/C API functions listed in this document."

msgstr ""

"Python 堆内存的管理是由解释器来执行，用户对它没有控制权，即使他们经常操作指向堆内内存块的对象指针，理解这一点十分重要。Python "

"对象和其他内部缓冲区的堆空间分配是由 Python 内存管理器按需通过本文档中列出的 Python/C API 函数进行的。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:49

msgid ""

"To avoid memory corruption, extension writers should never try to operate on"

" Python objects with the functions exported by the C library: "

":c:func:`malloc`, :c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` and :c:func:`free`. "

"This will result in mixed calls between the C allocator and the Python "

"memory manager with fatal consequences, because they implement different "

"algorithms and operate on different heaps. However, one may safely allocate"

" and release memory blocks with the C library allocator for individual "

"purposes, as shown in the following example::"

msgstr ""

"为了避免内存破坏，扩展的作者永远不应该试图用 C 库函数导出的函数来对 Python 对象进行操作，这些函数包括： :c:func:`malloc`, "

":c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` 和 :c:func:`free`。这将导致 C 分配器和 Python "

"内存管理器之间的混用，引发严重后果，这是由于它们实现了不同的算法，并在不同的堆上操作。但是，我们可以安全地使用 C "

"库分配器为单独的目的分配和释放内存块，如下例所示："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:68

msgid ""

"In this example, the memory request for the I/O buffer is handled by the C "

"library allocator. The Python memory manager is involved only in the "

"allocation of the bytes object returned as a result."

msgstr "在这个例子中，I/O 缓冲区的内存请求是由 C 库分配器处理的。Python 内存管理器只参与了分配作为结果返回的字节对象。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:72

msgid ""

"In most situations, however, it is recommended to allocate memory from the "

"Python heap specifically because the latter is under control of the Python "

"memory manager. For example, this is required when the interpreter is "

"extended with new object types written in C. Another reason for using the "

"Python heap is the desire to *inform* the Python memory manager about the "

"memory needs of the extension module. Even when the requested memory is used"

" exclusively for internal, highly-specific purposes, delegating all memory "

"requests to the Python memory manager causes the interpreter to have a more "

"accurate image of its memory footprint as a whole. Consequently, under "

"certain circumstances, the Python memory manager may or may not trigger "

"appropriate actions, like garbage collection, memory compaction or other "

"preventive procedures. Note that by using the C library allocator as shown "

"in the previous example, the allocated memory for the I/O buffer escapes "

"completely the Python memory manager."

msgstr ""

"然而，在大多数情况下，建议专门从 Python 堆中分配内存，因为后者由 Python 内存管理器控制。例如，当解释器扩展了用 C "

"写的新对象类型时，就必须这样做。使用 Python 堆的另一个原因是希望*通知* Python "

"内存管理器关于扩展模块的内存需求。即使所请求的内存全部只用于内部的、高度特定的目的，将所有的内存请求交给 Python "

"内存管理器能让解释器对其内存占用的整体情况有更准确的了解。因此，在某些情况下，Python "

"内存管理器可能会触发或不触发适当的操作，如垃圾回收、内存压缩或其他预防性操作。请注意，通过使用前面例子中所示的 C 库分配器，为 I/O "

"缓冲区分配的内存会完全不受 Python 内存管理器管理。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:88

msgid ""

"The :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable can be used to configure the"

" memory allocators used by Python."

msgstr "环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` 可被用来配置 Python 所使用的内存分配器。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:91

msgid ""

"The :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOCSTATS` environment variable can be used to print "

"statistics of the :ref:`pymalloc memory allocator <pymalloc>` every time a "

"new pymalloc object arena is created, and on shutdown."

msgstr ""

"环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOCSTATS` 可以用来在每次创建和关闭新的 pymalloc 对象区域时打印 "

":ref:`pymalloc 内存分配器 <pymalloc>` 的统计数据。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:97

msgid "Raw Memory Interface"

msgstr "原始内存接口"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:99

msgid ""

"The following function sets are wrappers to the system allocator. These "

"functions are thread-safe, the :term:`GIL <global interpreter lock>` does "

"not need to be held."

msgstr ""

"以下函数集封装了系统分配器。这些函数是线程安全的，不需要持有 :term:`全局解释器锁 <global interpreter lock>`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:103

msgid ""

"The :ref:`default raw memory allocator <default-memory-allocators>` uses the"

" following functions: :c:func:`malloc`, :c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` "

"and :c:func:`free`; call ``malloc(1)`` (or ``calloc(1, 1)``) when requesting"

" zero bytes."

msgstr ""

":ref:`default raw memory allocator <default-memory-allocators>` "

"使用这些函数：:c:func:`malloc`、 :c:func:`calloc`、 :c:func:`realloc` 和 "

":c:func:`free`；申请零字节时则调用 ``malloc(1)`` （或 ``calloc(1, 1)``）"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:112 ../../c-api/memory.rst:183

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:285

msgid ""

"Allocates *n* bytes and returns a pointer of type :c:type:`void*` to the "

"allocated memory, or ``NULL`` if the request fails."

msgstr "分配 *n* 个字节并返回一个指向分配的内存的 :c:type:`void*` 类型指针，如果请求失败则返回 ``NULL``。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:115

msgid ""

"Requesting zero bytes returns a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, "

"as if ``PyMem_RawMalloc(1)`` had been called instead. The memory will not "

"have been initialized in any way."

msgstr ""

"请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyMem_RawMalloc(1)`` 一样。但是内存不会以任何方式被初始化。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:122 ../../c-api/memory.rst:193

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:295

msgid ""

"Allocates *nelem* elements each whose size in bytes is *elsize* and returns "

"a pointer of type :c:type:`void*` to the allocated memory, or ``NULL`` if "

"the request fails. The memory is initialized to zeros."

msgstr ""

"分配 *nelem* 个元素，每个元素的大小为 *elsize* 字节，并返回指向分配的内存的 :c:type:`void*` "

"类型指针，如果请求失败则返回 ``NULL``。 内存会被初始化为零。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:126

msgid ""

"Requesting zero elements or elements of size zero bytes returns a distinct "

"non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, as if ``PyMem_RawCalloc(1, 1)`` had been "

"called instead."

msgstr "请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyMem_RawCalloc(1, 1)`` 一样。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:135 ../../c-api/memory.rst:206

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:308

msgid ""

"Resizes the memory block pointed to by *p* to *n* bytes. The contents will "

"be unchanged to the minimum of the old and the new sizes."

msgstr "将 *p* 指向的内存块大小调整为 *n* 字节。以新旧内存块大小中的最小值为准，其中内容保持不变，"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:138

msgid ""

"If *p* is ``NULL``, the call is equivalent to ``PyMem_RawMalloc(n)``; else "

"if *n* is equal to zero, the memory block is resized but is not freed, and "

"the returned pointer is non-``NULL``."

msgstr ""

"如果 *p* 是 ``NULL`` ，则相当于调用 ``PyMem_RawMalloc(n)`` ；如果 *n* 等于 "

"0，则内存块大小会被调整，但不会被释放，返回非 ``NULL`` 指针。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:142

msgid ""

"Unless *p* is ``NULL``, it must have been returned by a previous call to "

":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` or "

":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`."

msgstr ""

"除非 *p* 是 ``NULL`` ，否则它必须是之前调用 :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` 、 "

":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` 或 :c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc` 所返回的。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:146

msgid ""

"If the request fails, :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` returns ``NULL`` and *p* "

"remains a valid pointer to the previous memory area."

msgstr "如果请求失败，:c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` 返回 ``NULL`` ， *p* 仍然是指向先前内存区域的有效指针。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:152

msgid ""

"Frees the memory block pointed to by *p*, which must have been returned by a"

" previous call to :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` or "

":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`. Otherwise, or if ``PyMem_RawFree(p)`` has been "

"called before, undefined behavior occurs."

msgstr ""

"释放 *p* 指向的内存块。 *p* 必须是之前调用 :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` 、 "

":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` 或 :c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc` 所返回的指针。否则，或在 "

"``PyMem_RawFree(p)`` 之前已经调用过的情况下，未定义的行为会发生。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:157 ../../c-api/memory.rst:227

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:329

msgid "If *p* is ``NULL``, no operation is performed."

msgstr "如果 *p* 是 ``NULL``, 那么什么操作也不会进行。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:163

msgid "Memory Interface"

msgstr "内存接口"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:165 ../../c-api/memory.rst:271

msgid ""

"The following function sets, modeled after the ANSI C standard, but "

"specifying behavior when requesting zero bytes, are available for allocating"

" and releasing memory from the Python heap."

msgstr "以下函数集，仿照 ANSI C 标准，并指定了请求零字节时的行为，可用于从Python堆分配和释放内存。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:169

msgid ""

"The :ref:`default memory allocator <default-memory-allocators>` uses the "

":ref:`pymalloc memory allocator <pymalloc>`."

msgstr ""

":ref:`默认内存分配器 <default-memory-allocators>` 使用了 :ref:`pymalloc 内存分配器 "

"<pymalloc>`."

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:174 ../../c-api/memory.rst:280

msgid ""

"The :term:`GIL <global interpreter lock>` must be held when using these "

"functions."

msgstr "在使用这些函数时，必须持有 :term:`全局解释器锁（GIL） <global interpreter lock>` 。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:179

msgid ""

"The default allocator is now pymalloc instead of system :c:func:`malloc`."

msgstr "现在默认的分配器是 pymalloc 而非系统的 :c:func:`malloc` 。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:186

msgid ""

"Requesting zero bytes returns a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, "

"as if ``PyMem_Malloc(1)`` had been called instead. The memory will not have "

"been initialized in any way."

msgstr ""

"请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyMem_Malloc(1)`` 一样。但是内存不会以任何方式被初始化。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:197

msgid ""

"Requesting zero elements or elements of size zero bytes returns a distinct "

"non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, as if ``PyMem_Calloc(1, 1)`` had been "

"called instead."

msgstr "请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyMem_Calloc(1, 1)`` 一样。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:209

msgid ""

"If *p* is ``NULL``, the call is equivalent to ``PyMem_Malloc(n)``; else if "

"*n* is equal to zero, the memory block is resized but is not freed, and the "

"returned pointer is non-``NULL``."

msgstr ""

"如果 *p* 是 ``NULL`` ，则相当于调用 ``PyMem_Malloc(n)`` ；如果 *n* 等于 "

"0，则内存块大小会被调整，但不会被释放，返回非 ``NULL`` 指针。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:213

msgid ""

"Unless *p* is ``NULL``, it must have been returned by a previous call to "

":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` or :c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`."

msgstr ""

"除非 *p* 是 ``NULL`` ，否则它必须是之前调用 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 、 "

":c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` 或 :c:func:`PyMem_Calloc` 所返回的。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:216

msgid ""

"If the request fails, :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` returns ``NULL`` and *p* "

"remains a valid pointer to the previous memory area."

msgstr "如果请求失败，:c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` 返回 ``NULL`` ， *p* 仍然是指向先前内存区域的有效指针。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:222

msgid ""

"Frees the memory block pointed to by *p*, which must have been returned by a"

" previous call to :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` or "

":c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`. Otherwise, or if ``PyMem_Free(p)`` has been called "

"before, undefined behavior occurs."

msgstr ""

"释放 *p* 指向的内存块。 *p* 必须是之前调用 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 、 :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` "

"或 :c:func:`PyMem_Calloc` 所返回的指针。否则，或在 ``PyMem_Free(p)`` "

"之前已经调用过的情况下，未定义的行为会发生。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:229

msgid ""

"The following type-oriented macros are provided for convenience. Note that"

" *TYPE* refers to any C type."

msgstr "以下面向类型的宏为方便而提供。 注意 *TYPE* 可以指任何 C 类型。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:235

msgid ""

"Same as :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, but allocates ``(n * sizeof(TYPE))`` bytes "

"of memory. Returns a pointer cast to :c:type:`TYPE*`. The memory will not "

"have been initialized in any way."

msgstr ""

"与 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 相同，但会分配 ``(n * sizeof(TYPE))`` 字节的内存。 返回一个转换为 "

":c:type:`TYPE*` 的指针。 内存将不会以任何方式被初始化。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:242

msgid ""

"Same as :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`, but the memory block is resized to ``(n * "

"sizeof(TYPE))`` bytes. Returns a pointer cast to :c:type:`TYPE*`. On "

"return, *p* will be a pointer to the new memory area, or ``NULL`` in the "

"event of failure."

msgstr ""

"与 :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` 相同，但内存块的大小被调整为 ``(n * sizeof(TYPE))`` 字节。 返回一个转换为 "

":c:type:`TYPE*` 类型的指针。 返回时，*p* 将为指向新内存区域的指针，如果失败则返回 ``NULL``。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:247

msgid ""

"This is a C preprocessor macro; *p* is always reassigned. Save the original"

" value of *p* to avoid losing memory when handling errors."

msgstr "这是一个 C 预处理宏， *p* 总是被重新赋值。请保存 *p* 的原始值，以避免在处理错误时丢失内存。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:253

msgid "Same as :c:func:`PyMem_Free`."

msgstr "与 :c:func:`PyMem_Free` 相同"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:255

msgid ""

"In addition, the following macro sets are provided for calling the Python "

"memory allocator directly, without involving the C API functions listed "

"above. However, note that their use does not preserve binary compatibility "

"across Python versions and is therefore deprecated in extension modules."

msgstr ""

"此外，我们还提供了以下宏集用于直接调用 Python 内存分配器，而不涉及上面列出的 C API 函数。但是请注意，使用它们并不能保证跨 Python "

"版本的二进制兼容性，因此在扩展模块被弃用。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:260

msgid "``PyMem_MALLOC(size)``"

msgstr "``PyMem_MALLOC(size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:261

msgid "``PyMem_NEW(type, size)``"

msgstr "``PyMem_NEW(type, size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:262

msgid "``PyMem_REALLOC(ptr, size)``"

msgstr "``PyMem_REALLOC(ptr, size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:263

msgid "``PyMem_RESIZE(ptr, type, size)``"

msgstr "``PyMem_RESIZE(ptr, type, size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:264

msgid "``PyMem_FREE(ptr)``"

msgstr "``PyMem_FREE(ptr)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:265

msgid "``PyMem_DEL(ptr)``"

msgstr "``PyMem_DEL(ptr)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:269

msgid "Object allocators"

msgstr "对象分配器"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:275

msgid ""

"The :ref:`default object allocator <default-memory-allocators>` uses the "

":ref:`pymalloc memory allocator <pymalloc>`."

msgstr ""

":ref:`默认对象分配器 <default-memory-allocators>` 使用 :ref:`pymalloc 内存分配器 "

"<pymalloc>`."

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:288

msgid ""

"Requesting zero bytes returns a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, "

"as if ``PyObject_Malloc(1)`` had been called instead. The memory will not "

"have been initialized in any way."

msgstr ""

"请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyObject_Malloc(1)`` 一样。但是内存不会以任何方式被初始化。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:299

msgid ""

"Requesting zero elements or elements of size zero bytes returns a distinct "

"non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, as if ``PyObject_Calloc(1, 1)`` had been "

"called instead."

msgstr "请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyObject_Calloc(1, 1)`` 一样。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:311

msgid ""

"If *p* is ``NULL``, the call is equivalent to ``PyObject_Malloc(n)``; else "

"if *n* is equal to zero, the memory block is resized but is not freed, and "

"the returned pointer is non-``NULL``."

msgstr ""

"如果*p*是 ``NULL``，则相当于调用 ``PyObject_Malloc(n)`` ；如果 *n* 等于 "

"0，则内存块大小会被调整，但不会被释放，返回非 ``NULL`` 指针。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:315

msgid ""

"Unless *p* is ``NULL``, it must have been returned by a previous call to "

":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` or "

":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`."

msgstr ""

"除非 *p* 是 ``NULL`` ，否则它必须是之前调用 :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc` 、 "

":c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` 或 :c:func:`PyObject_Calloc` 所返回的。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:318

msgid ""

"If the request fails, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` returns ``NULL`` and *p* "

"remains a valid pointer to the previous memory area."

msgstr "如果请求失败，:c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` 返回 ``NULL`` ， *p* 仍然是指向先前内存区域的有效指针。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:324

msgid ""

"Frees the memory block pointed to by *p*, which must have been returned by a"

" previous call to :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` or "

":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`. Otherwise, or if ``PyObject_Free(p)`` has been "

"called before, undefined behavior occurs."

msgstr ""

"释放 *p* 指向的内存块。 *p* 必须是之前调用 :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc` 、 "

":c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` 或 :c:func:`PyObject_Calloc` 所返回的指针。否则，或在 "

"``PyObject_Free(p)`` 之前已经调用过的情况下，未定义行为会发生。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:335

msgid "Default Memory Allocators"

msgstr "默认内存分配器"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:337

msgid "Default memory allocators:"

msgstr "默认内存分配器："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:340

msgid "Configuration"

msgstr "配置"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:340

msgid "Name"

msgstr "名称"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:340

msgid "PyMem_RawMalloc"

msgstr "PyMem_RawMalloc"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:340

msgid "PyMem_Malloc"

msgstr "PyMem_Malloc"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:340

msgid "PyObject_Malloc"

msgstr "PyObject_Malloc"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:342

msgid "Release build"

msgstr "发布版本"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:342

msgid "``\"pymalloc\"``"

msgstr "``\"pymalloc\"``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:342 ../../c-api/memory.rst:344

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:344 ../../c-api/memory.rst:344

msgid "``malloc``"

msgstr "``malloc``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:342 ../../c-api/memory.rst:342

msgid "``pymalloc``"

msgstr "``pymalloc``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:343

msgid "Debug build"

msgstr "调试构建"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:343

msgid "``\"pymalloc_debug\"``"

msgstr "``\"pymalloc_debug\"``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:343 ../../c-api/memory.rst:345

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:345 ../../c-api/memory.rst:345

msgid "``malloc`` + debug"

msgstr "``malloc`` + debug"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:343 ../../c-api/memory.rst:343

msgid "``pymalloc`` + debug"

msgstr "``pymalloc`` + debug"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:344

msgid "Release build, without pymalloc"

msgstr "没有 pymalloc 的发布版本"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:344

msgid "``\"malloc\"``"

msgstr "``\"malloc\"``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:345

msgid "Debug build, without pymalloc"

msgstr "没有 pymalloc 的调试构建"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:345

msgid "``\"malloc_debug\"``"

msgstr "``\"malloc_debug\"``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:348

msgid "Legend:"

msgstr "说明："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:350

msgid "Name: value for :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable"

msgstr "名称: 环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` 的值"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:351

msgid ""

"``malloc``: system allocators from the standard C library, C functions: "

":c:func:`malloc`, :c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` and :c:func:`free`"

msgstr ""

"``malloc``: 来自 C 标准库的系统分配, C 函数 :c:func:`malloc`, :c:func:`calloc`, "

":c:func:`realloc` and :c:func:`free`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:353

msgid "``pymalloc``: :ref:`pymalloc memory allocator <pymalloc>`"

msgstr "``pymalloc``: :ref:`pymalloc 内存分配器 <pymalloc>`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:354

msgid "\"+ debug\": with debug hooks installed by :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks`"

msgstr "\"+ debug\": 带有 :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` 安装的调试钩子"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:358

msgid "Customize Memory Allocators"

msgstr "自定义内存分配器"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:364

msgid ""

"Structure used to describe a memory block allocator. The structure has four "

"fields:"

msgstr "用于描述内存块分配器的结构体。包含四个字段："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:368 ../../c-api/memory.rst:513

msgid "Field"

msgstr "域"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:368 ../../c-api/memory.rst:513

msgid "Meaning"

msgstr "含意"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:370 ../../c-api/memory.rst:515

msgid "``void *ctx``"

msgstr "``void *ctx``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:370 ../../c-api/memory.rst:515

msgid "user context passed as first argument"

msgstr "作为第一个参数传入的用户上下文"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:372

msgid "``void* malloc(void *ctx, size_t size)``"

msgstr "``void* malloc(void *ctx, size_t size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:372

msgid "allocate a memory block"

msgstr "分配一个内存块"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:374

msgid "``void* calloc(void *ctx, size_t nelem, size_t elsize)``"

msgstr "``void* calloc(void *ctx, size_t nelem, size_t elsize)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:374

msgid "allocate a memory block initialized with zeros"

msgstr "分配一个初始化为 0 的内存块"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:377

msgid "``void* realloc(void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t new_size)``"

msgstr "``void* realloc(void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t new_size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:377

msgid "allocate or resize a memory block"

msgstr "分配一个内存块或调整其大小"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:379

msgid "``void free(void *ctx, void *ptr)``"

msgstr "``void free(void *ctx, void *ptr)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:379

msgid "free a memory block"

msgstr "释放一个内存块"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:382

msgid ""

"The :c:type:`PyMemAllocator` structure was renamed to "

":c:type:`PyMemAllocatorEx` and a new ``calloc`` field was added."

msgstr ""

" :c:type:`PyMemAllocator` 结构被重命名为 :c:type:`PyMemAllocatorEx` 并且添加了一个字段 "

"``calloc`` 。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:389

msgid "Enum used to identify an allocator domain. Domains:"

msgstr "用来识别分配器域的枚举类。域有："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:393 ../../c-api/memory.rst:402

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:411

msgid "Functions:"

msgstr "函数"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:395

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:396

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:397

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:398

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawFree`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawFree`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:404

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`,"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`,"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:405

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:406

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:407

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Free`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Free`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:413

msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:414

msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Realloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Realloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:415

msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:416

msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Free`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Free`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:420

msgid "Get the memory block allocator of the specified domain."

msgstr "获取指定域的内存块分配器。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:425

msgid "Set the memory block allocator of the specified domain."

msgstr "设置指定域的内存块分配器。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:427

msgid ""

"The new allocator must return a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer when "

"requesting zero bytes."

msgstr "当请求零字节时，新的分配器必须返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:430

msgid ""

"For the :c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW` domain, the allocator must be thread-"

"safe: the :term:`GIL <global interpreter lock>` is not held when the "

"allocator is called."

msgstr ""

"对于 :c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW` 域，分配器必须是线程安全的：当分配器被调用时，不持有 :term:`全局解释器锁 "

"<global interpreter lock>` 。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:434

msgid ""

"If the new allocator is not a hook (does not call the previous allocator), "

"the :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function must be called to reinstall the"

" debug hooks on top on the new allocator."

msgstr ""

"如果新的分配器不是钩子（不调用之前的分配器），必须调用 :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` "

"函数在新分配器上重新安装调试钩子。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:441

msgid "Setup hooks to detect bugs in the Python memory allocator functions."

msgstr "设置检测 Python 内存分配器函数中错误的钩子。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:443

msgid ""

"Newly allocated memory is filled with the byte ``0xCD`` (``CLEANBYTE``), "

"freed memory is filled with the byte ``0xDD`` (``DEADBYTE``). Memory blocks "

"are surrounded by \"forbidden bytes\" (``FORBIDDENBYTE``: byte ``0xFD``)."

msgstr ""

"新分配的内存由字节 ``0xCD`` ( ``CLEANBYTE`` ) 填充，释放的内存由字节 ``0xDD`` ( ``DEADBYTE`` "

")填充。内存块被 \"禁止字节\" 包围（ ``FORBIDDENBYTE`` ：字节 ``0xFD`` ）。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:447

msgid "Runtime checks:"

msgstr "运行时检查："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:449

msgid ""

"Detect API violations, ex: :c:func:`PyObject_Free` called on a buffer "

"allocated by :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`"

msgstr ""

"检测对 API 的违反，例如：对用 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 分配的缓冲区调用 :c:func:`PyObject_Free` 。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:451

msgid "Detect write before the start of the buffer (buffer underflow)"

msgstr "检测缓冲区起始位置前的写入（缓冲区下溢）。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:452

msgid "Detect write after the end of the buffer (buffer overflow)"

msgstr "检测缓冲区终止位置后的写入（缓冲区溢出）。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:453

msgid ""

"Check that the :term:`GIL <global interpreter lock>` is held when allocator "

"functions of :c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (ex: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) and "

":c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (ex: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) domains are called"

msgstr ""

"检测当调用 :c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (如: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) 和 "

":c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (如: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) 域的分配器函数时 :term:`GIL "

"<global interpreter lock>` 已被保持。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:458

msgid ""

"On error, the debug hooks use the :mod:`tracemalloc` module to get the "

"traceback where a memory block was allocated. The traceback is only "

"displayed if :mod:`tracemalloc` is tracing Python memory allocations and the"

" memory block was traced."

msgstr ""

"在出错时，调试钩子使用 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块来回溯内存块被分配的位置。只有当 :mod:`tracemalloc` 正在追踪 "

"Python 内存分配，并且内存块被追踪时，才会显示回溯。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:463

msgid ""

"These hooks are :ref:`installed by default <default-memory-allocators>` if "

"Python is compiled in debug mode. The :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment "

"variable can be used to install debug hooks on a Python compiled in release "

"mode."

msgstr ""

"如果 Python 是在调试模式下编译的，这些钩子是 :ref:`installed by default <default-memory-"

"allocators>` 。环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` 可以用来在发布模式编译的 Python 上安装调试钩子。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:468

msgid ""

"This function now also works on Python compiled in release mode. On error, "

"the debug hooks now use :mod:`tracemalloc` to get the traceback where a "

"memory block was allocated. The debug hooks now also check if the GIL is "

"held when functions of :c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` and "

":c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` domains are called."

msgstr ""

"这个函数现在也适用于以 发布模式编译的 Python。在出错时，调试钩子现在使用 :mod:`tracemalloc` "

"来回溯内存块被分配的位置。调试钩子现在也检查当 :c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` 和 "

":c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` 域的函数被调用时，全局解释器锁是否被持有。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:475

msgid ""

"Byte patterns ``0xCB`` (``CLEANBYTE``), ``0xDB`` (``DEADBYTE``) and ``0xFB``"

" (``FORBIDDENBYTE``) have been replaced with ``0xCD``, ``0xDD`` and ``0xFD``"

" to use the same values than Windows CRT debug ``malloc()`` and ``free()``."

msgstr ""

"字节模式 ``0xCB`` (``CLEANBYTE``)、 ``0xDB`` (``DEADBYTE``) 和 ``0xFB`` "

"(``FORBIDDENBYTE``) 已被 ``0xCD`` 、 ``0xDD`` 和 ``0xFD`` 替代以使用与 Windows CRT 调试 "

"``malloc()`` 和 ``free()`` 相同的值。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:485

msgid "The pymalloc allocator"

msgstr "pymalloc 分配器"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:487

msgid ""

"Python has a *pymalloc* allocator optimized for small objects (smaller or "

"equal to 512 bytes) with a short lifetime. It uses memory mappings called "

"\"arenas\" with a fixed size of 256 KiB. It falls back to "

":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` and :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` for allocations "

"larger than 512 bytes."

msgstr ""

"Python 有为具有短生命周期的小对象（小于或等于 512 字节）优化的 *pymalloc* 分配器。它使用固定大小为 256 KiB 的称为 "

"\"arenas\" 的内存映射。对于大于512字节的分配，它回到使用 :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` 和 "

":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` 。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:492

msgid ""

"*pymalloc* is the :ref:`default allocator <default-memory-allocators>` of "

"the :c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (ex: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) and "

":c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (ex: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) domains."

msgstr ""

"*pymalloc* 是 :c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (例如: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) 和 "

":c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (例如: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) 域的 :ref:`默认分配器 "

"<default-memory-allocators>` 。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:496

msgid "The arena allocator uses the following functions:"

msgstr "arena 分配器使用以下函数："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:498

msgid ":c:func:`VirtualAlloc` and :c:func:`VirtualFree` on Windows,"

msgstr "Windows 上的 :c:func:`VirtualAlloc` 和 :c:func:`VirtualFree` ,"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:499

msgid ":c:func:`mmap` and :c:func:`munmap` if available,"

msgstr ":c:func:`mmap` 和 :c:func:`munmap` ，如果可用，"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:500

msgid ":c:func:`malloc` and :c:func:`free` otherwise."

msgstr "否则， :c:func:`malloc` 和 :c:func:`free` 。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:503

msgid "Customize pymalloc Arena Allocator"

msgstr "自定义 pymalloc Arena 分配器"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:509

msgid ""

"Structure used to describe an arena allocator. The structure has three "

"fields:"

msgstr "用来描述一个 arena 分配器的结构体。这个结构体有三个字段："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:517

msgid "``void* alloc(void *ctx, size_t size)``"

msgstr "``void* alloc(void *ctx, size_t size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:517

msgid "allocate an arena of size bytes"

msgstr "分配一块 size 字节的区域"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:519

msgid "``void free(void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t size)``"

msgstr "``void free(void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:519

msgid "free an arena"

msgstr "释放一块区域"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:524

msgid "Get the arena allocator."

msgstr "获取 arena 分配器"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:528

msgid "Set the arena allocator."

msgstr "设置 arena 分配器"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:532

msgid "tracemalloc C API"

msgstr "tracemalloc C API"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:538

msgid "Track an allocated memory block in the :mod:`tracemalloc` module."

msgstr "在 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块中跟踪一个已分配的内存块。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:540

msgid ""

"Return ``0`` on success, return ``-1`` on error (failed to allocate memory "

"to store the trace). Return ``-2`` if tracemalloc is disabled."

msgstr ""

"成功时返回 ``0``，出错时返回 ``-1`` (无法分配内存来保存跟踪信息)。 如果禁用了 tracemalloc 则返回 ``-2``。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:543

msgid "If memory block is already tracked, update the existing trace."

msgstr "如果内存块已被跟踪，则更新现有跟踪信息。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:547

msgid ""

"Untrack an allocated memory block in the :mod:`tracemalloc` module. Do "

"nothing if the block was not tracked."

msgstr "在 :mod:`tracemalloc` 模块中取消跟踪一个已分配的内存块。 如果内存块未被跟踪则不执行任何操作。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:550

msgid "Return ``-2`` if tracemalloc is disabled, otherwise return ``0``."

msgstr "如果 tracemalloc 被禁用则返回 ``-2``，否则返回 ``0``。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:556

msgid "Examples"

msgstr "例子"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:558

msgid ""

"Here is the example from section :ref:`memoryoverview`, rewritten so that "

"the I/O buffer is allocated from the Python heap by using the first function"

" set::"

msgstr ""

"以下是来自 :ref:`memoryoverview` 小节的示例，经过重写以使 I/O 缓冲区是通过使用第一个函数集从 Python 堆中分配的::"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:571

msgid "The same code using the type-oriented function set::"

msgstr "使用面向类型函数集的相同代码::"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:583

msgid ""

"Note that in the two examples above, the buffer is always manipulated via "

"functions belonging to the same set. Indeed, it is required to use the same "

"memory API family for a given memory block, so that the risk of mixing "

"different allocators is reduced to a minimum. The following code sequence "

"contains two errors, one of which is labeled as *fatal* because it mixes two"

" different allocators operating on different heaps. ::"

msgstr ""

"请注意在以上两个示例中，缓冲区总是通过归属于相同集的函数来操纵的。 事实上，对于一个给定的内存块必须使用相同的内存 API "

"族，以便使得混合不同分配器的风险减至最低。 以下代码序列包含两处错误，其中一个被标记为 *fatal* 因为它混合了两种在不同堆上操作的不同分配器。 "

"::"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:598

msgid ""

"In addition to the functions aimed at handling raw memory blocks from the "

"Python heap, objects in Python are allocated and released with "

":c:func:`PyObject_New`, :c:func:`PyObject_NewVar` and "

":c:func:`PyObject_Del`."

msgstr ""

"除了旨在处理来自 Python 堆的原始内存块的函数之外， Python 中的对象是通过 :c:func:`PyObject_New`, "

":c:func:`PyObject_NewVar` 和 :c:func:`PyObject_Del` 来分配和释放的。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:602

msgid ""

"These will be explained in the next chapter on defining and implementing new"

" object types in C."

msgstr "这些将在有关如何在 C 中定义和实现新对象类型的下一章中讲解。"