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# Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation

# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.

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# Translators:

# python-doc bot, 2025

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# Freesand Leo <yuqinju@163.com>, 2026

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#, fuzzy

msgid ""

msgstr ""

"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.15\n"

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"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-09-16 00:00+0000\n"

"Last-Translator: Freesand Leo <yuqinju@163.com>, 2026\n"

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"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"

"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"

"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

"Language: zh_CN\n"

"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:6

msgid "Common Object Structures"

msgstr "公用对象结构体"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:8

msgid ""

"There are a large number of structures which are used in the definition of "

"object types for Python. This section describes these structures and how "

"they are used."

msgstr "大量的结构体被用于定义 Python 的对象类型。这一节描述了这些的结构体和它们的使用方法。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:14

msgid "Base object types and macros"

msgstr "基本的对象类型和宏"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:16

msgid ""

"All Python objects ultimately share a small number of fields at the "

"beginning of the object's representation in memory. These are represented "

"by the :c:type:`PyObject` and :c:type:`PyVarObject` types, which are "

"defined, in turn, by the expansions of some macros also used, whether "

"directly or indirectly, in the definition of all other Python objects. "

"Additional macros can be found under :ref:`reference counting "

"<countingrefs>`."

msgstr ""

"所有的 Python 对象最终都会在对象的内存表示的开始部分共享少量的字段。这些字段由 :c:type:`PyObject` 和 "

":c:type:`PyVarObject` 类型来表示，相应地，这些类型又是由一些宏扩展来定义的，它们也直接或间接地被用于所有其他 Python "

"对象的定义。附加的宏可以在 :ref:`引用计数 <countingrefs>` 下找到。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:26

msgid ""

"All object types are extensions of this type. This is a type which contains"

" the information Python needs to treat a pointer to an object as an object."

" In a normal \"release\" build, it contains only the object's reference "

"count and a pointer to the corresponding type object. Nothing is actually "

"declared to be a :c:type:`PyObject`, but every pointer to a Python object "

"can be cast to a :c:expr:`PyObject*`."

msgstr ""

"所有对象类型都是此类型的扩展。这是一个包含 Python "

"需要将对象指针视为对象所需信息的类型。在正常的“发布”构建版本中，它仅包含对象的引用计数和指向相应类型对象的指针。虽然没有任何内容被显式声明为 "

":c:type:`PyObject` 类型，但所有指向 Python 对象的指针都可以被强制转换为 :c:expr:`PyObject*` 类型。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:33

msgid ""

"The members must not be accessed directly; instead use macros such as "

":c:macro:`Py_REFCNT` and :c:macro:`Py_TYPE`."

msgstr "成员不得直接访问；而应使用诸如 :c:macro:`Py_REFCNT` 和 :c:macro:`Py_TYPE` 之类的宏。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:36

msgid ""

"In the :ref:`Stable ABI <stable-abi>` for Free-Threaded Builds (``abi3t``), "

"this struct is opaque; its size and layout may change between Python "

"versions. In Stable ABI for non-free-threaded builds (``abi3``), the "

":c:member:`!ob_refcnt` and :c:member:`!ob_type` fields are available, but "

"using them directly is discouraged."

msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:45

msgid ""

"The object's reference count, as returned by :c:macro:`Py_REFCNT`. Do not "

"use this field directly; instead use functions and macros such as "

":c:macro:`!Py_REFCNT`, :c:func:`Py_INCREF` and :c:func:`Py_DecRef`."

msgstr ""

"对象的引用计数，由 :c:macro:`Py_REFCNT` 返回。不要直接使用此字段；而应使用函数和宏，如 "

":c:macro:`!Py_REFCNT`，:c:func:`Py_INCREF` 和 :c:func:`Py_DecRef`。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:49

msgid ""

"The field type may be different from ``Py_ssize_t``, depending on build "

"configuration and platform."

msgstr "字段类型可能不同于 ``Py_ssize_t``，具体取决于构建配置和平台。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:54

msgid ""

"The object's type. Do not use this field directly; use :c:macro:`Py_TYPE` "

"and :c:func:`Py_SET_TYPE` instead."

msgstr "对象的类型。不要直接使用此字段；而应使用 :c:macro:`Py_TYPE` 和 :c:func:`Py_SET_TYPE`。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:60

msgid ""

"A :ref:`per-object lock <per-object-locks>`, present only in the "

":term:`free-threaded <free threading>` build (when "

":c:macro:`Py_GIL_DISABLED` is defined)."

msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:63

msgid ""

"This field is **reserved for use by the critical section API** "

"(:c:macro:`Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION` / :c:macro:`Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION`)."

" Do **not** lock it directly with ``PyMutex_Lock``; doing so can cause "

"deadlocks. If you need your own lock, add a separate :c:type:`PyMutex` "

"field to your object struct."

msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:74

msgid ""

"An extension of :c:type:`PyObject` that adds the "

":c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` field. This is intended for objects that "

"have some notion of *length*."

msgstr ""

":c:type:`PyObject` 的扩展，添加了 :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` 字段。这适用于具有某种 *长度*"

" 概念的对象。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:78

msgid ""

"As with :c:type:`!PyObject`, the members must not be accessed directly; "

"instead use macros such as :c:macro:`Py_SIZE`, :c:macro:`Py_REFCNT` and "

":c:macro:`Py_TYPE`."

msgstr ""

"与 :c:type:`!PyObject` 一样，成员不得直接访问；而应使用诸如 "

":c:macro:`Py_SIZE`，:c:macro:`Py_REFCNT` 和 :c:macro:`Py_TYPE` 之类的宏。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:82

msgid ""

"In the :ref:`Stable ABI <stable-abi>` for Free-Threaded Builds (``abi3t``), "

"this struct is opaque; its size and layout may change between Python "

"versions. In Stable ABI for non-free-threaded builds (``abi3``), the "

":c:member:`!ob_base` and :c:member:`!ob_size` fields are available, but "

"using them directly is discouraged."

msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:91

msgid ""

"Common object header. Typically, this field is not accessed directly; "

"instead :c:type:`!PyVarObject` can be cast to :c:type:`PyObject`."

msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:97

msgid ""

"A size field, whose contents should be considered an object's internal "

"implementation detail."

msgstr "一个大小字段，其内容应被视为对象的内部实现细节。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:100

msgid "Do not use this field directly; use :c:macro:`Py_SIZE` instead."

msgstr "不要直接使用此字段；而应使用 :c:macro:`Py_SIZE`。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:102

msgid ""

"Object creation functions such as :c:func:`PyObject_NewVar` will generally "

"set this field to the requested size (number of items). After creation, "

"arbitrary values can be stored in :c:member:`!ob_size` using "

":c:macro:`Py_SET_SIZE`."

msgstr ""

"对象创建函数，如 :c:func:`PyObject_NewVar`，通常会将此字段设置为请求的大小（条目数）。创建后，可以使用 "

":c:macro:`Py_SET_SIZE` 在 :c:member:`!ob_size` 中存储任意值。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:107

msgid ""

"To get an object's publicly exposed length, as returned by the Python "

"function :py:func:`len`, use :c:func:`PyObject_Length` instead."

msgstr ""

"若需获取对象公开暴露的长度（即 Python 内置函数 :py:func:`len` 所返回的值），应使用 "

":c:func:`PyObject_Length` 接口。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:114

msgid ""

"This is a macro used when declaring new types which represent objects "

"without a varying length. The PyObject_HEAD macro expands to::"

msgstr "这是一个在声明新类型时使用的宏，用于表示不包含可变长度成员的对象。PyObject_HEAD 宏展开后为："

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:117

msgid "PyObject ob_base;"

msgstr "PyObject ob_base;"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:119

msgid "See documentation of :c:type:`PyObject` above."

msgstr "参见上面 :c:type:`PyObject` 的文档。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:124

msgid ""

"This is a macro used when declaring new types which represent objects with a"

" length that varies from instance to instance. The PyObject_VAR_HEAD macro "

"expands to::"

msgstr "这是一个在声明代表每个实例具有可变长度的对象时所使用的宏。PyObject_VAR_HEAD 宏被扩展为::"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:128

msgid "PyVarObject ob_base;"

msgstr "PyVarObject ob_base;"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:130

msgid "See documentation of :c:type:`PyVarObject` above."

msgstr "参见上面 :c:type:`PyVarObject` 的文档。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:135

msgid ""

"The base class of all other objects, the same as :class:`object` in Python."

msgstr "所有其他对象的基类，与 Python 中的 :class:`object` 相同。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:140

msgid ""

"Test if the *x* object is the *y* object, the same as ``x is y`` in Python."

msgstr "测试 *x* 是否为 *y* 对象，与 Python 中的 ``x is y`` 相同。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:147

msgid ""

"Test if an object is the ``None`` singleton, the same as ``x is None`` in "

"Python."

msgstr "测试一个对象是否为 ``None`` 单例，与 Python 中的 ``x is None`` 相同。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:155

msgid ""

"Test if an object is the ``True`` singleton, the same as ``x is True`` in "

"Python."

msgstr "测试一个对象是否为 ``True`` 单例，与 Python 中的 ``x is True`` 相同。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:163

msgid ""

"Test if an object is the ``False`` singleton, the same as ``x is False`` in "

"Python."

msgstr "测试一个对象是否为 ``False`` 单例，与 Python 中的 ``x is False`` 相同。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:171

msgid "Get the type of the Python object *o*."

msgstr "获取 Python 对象 *o* 的类型。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:173

msgid ""

"The returned reference is :term:`borrowed <borrowed reference>` from *o*. Do"

" not release it with :c:func:`Py_DECREF` or similar."

msgstr ""

"返回的引用是从 *o* :term:`借用的 <borrowed reference>`。不要使用 :c:func:`Py_DECREF` "

"或类似方法释放它。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:176

msgid ""

":c:func:`Py_TYPE()` is changed to an inline static function. The parameter "

"type is no longer :c:expr:`const PyObject*`."

msgstr ":c:func:`Py_TYPE()` 被改为一个内联的静态函数。形参类型不再是 :c:expr:`const PyObject*`。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:183

msgid ""

"Return non-zero if the object *o* type is *type*. Return zero otherwise. "

"Equivalent to: ``Py_TYPE(o) == type``."

msgstr "如果对象 *o* 的类型为 *type* 则返回非零值。 否则返回零。 等价于: ``Py_TYPE(o) == type``。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:191

msgid ""

"Set the type of object *o* to *type*, without any checking or reference "

"counting."

msgstr "将对象 *o* 的类型设置为 *type*，不进行任何检查或引用计数。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:194

msgid ""

"This is a very low-level operation. Consider instead setting the Python "

"attribute :attr:`~object.__class__` using :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttrString` "

"or similar."

msgstr ""

"这是一个非常低级的操作。建议改为使用 :c:func:`PyObject_SetAttrString` 或类似方法设置 Python 属性 "

":attr:`~object.__class__`."

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:198

msgid ""

"Note that assigning an incompatible type can lead to undefined behavior."

msgstr "请注意，分配不兼容的类型可能会导致未定义行为。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:200

msgid ""

"If *type* is a :ref:`heap type <heap-types>`, the caller must create a new "

"reference to it. Similarly, if the old type of *o* is a heap type, the "

"caller must release a reference to that type."

msgstr ""

"如果 *type* 是一个 :ref:`堆类型 <heap-types>`，调用者必须为其创建一个新的引用。同样地，如果 *o* "

"的旧类型是堆类型，调用者必须释放对该类型的引用。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:210

msgid "Get the :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` field of *o*."

msgstr "获取 *o* 的 :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` 字段。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:212

msgid ""

":c:func:`Py_SIZE()` is changed to an inline static function. The parameter "

"type is no longer :c:expr:`const PyVarObject*`."

msgstr ":c:func:`Py_SIZE()` 被改为一个内联静态函数。形参类型不再是 :c:expr:`const PyVarObject*`。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:219

msgid "Set the :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` field of *o* to *size*."

msgstr "将 *o* 的 :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` 字段设置为 *size*。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:226

msgid ""

"This is a macro which expands to initialization values for a new "

":c:type:`PyObject` type. This macro expands to::"

msgstr "这是一个为新的 :c:type:`PyObject` 类型扩展初始化值的宏。该宏扩展为::"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:229

msgid ""

"_PyObject_EXTRA_INIT\n"

"1, type,"

msgstr ""

"_PyObject_EXTRA_INIT\n"

"1, type,"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:235

msgid ""

"This is a macro which expands to initialization values for a new "

":c:type:`PyVarObject` type, including the :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size` "

"field. This macro expands to::"

msgstr ""

"这是一个为新的 :c:type:`PyVarObject` 类型扩展初始化值的宏，包括 :c:member:`~PyVarObject.ob_size`"

" 字段。该宏会扩展为::"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:239

msgid ""

"_PyObject_EXTRA_INIT\n"

"1, type, size,"

msgstr ""

"_PyObject_EXTRA_INIT\n"

"1, type, size,"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:244

msgid "Implementing functions and methods"

msgstr "实现函数和方法"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:248

msgid ""

"Type of the functions used to implement most Python callables in C. "

"Functions of this type take two :c:expr:`PyObject*` parameters and return "

"one such value. If the return value is ``NULL``, an exception shall have "

"been set. If not ``NULL``, the return value is interpreted as the return "

"value of the function as exposed in Python. The function must return a new "

"reference."

msgstr ""

"用于在 C 中实现大多数 Python 可调用对象的函数类型。该类型的函数接受两个 :c:expr:`PyObject*` 形参并返回一个这样的值。 "

"如果返回值为 ``NULL``，则将设置一个异常。如果不为 ``NULL``，则返回值将被解读为 Python 中暴露的函数的返回值。 "

"此函数必须返回一个新的引用。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:255

msgid "The function signature is::"

msgstr "函数的签名为::"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:257

msgid ""

"PyObject *PyCFunction(PyObject *self,\n"

" PyObject *args);"

msgstr ""

"PyObject *PyCFunction(PyObject *self,\n"

" PyObject *args);"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:262

msgid ""

"Type of the functions used to implement Python callables in C with signature"

" :ref:`METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS <METH_VARARGS-METH_KEYWORDS>`. The "

"function signature is::"

msgstr ""

"用于在 C 中实现具有 :ref:`METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS <METH_VARARGS-METH_KEYWORDS>`"

" 签名的 Python 可调用对象的函数类型。函数的签名为::"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:266

msgid ""

"PyObject *PyCFunctionWithKeywords(PyObject *self,\n"

" PyObject *args,\n"

" PyObject *kwargs);"

msgstr ""

"PyObject *PyCFunctionWithKeywords(PyObject *self,\n"

" PyObject *args,\n"

" PyObject *kwargs);"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:273

msgid ""

"Type of the functions used to implement Python callables in C with signature"

" :c:macro:`METH_FASTCALL`. The function signature is::"

msgstr "用于在 C 中实现具有 :c:macro:`METH_FASTCALL` 签名的 Python 可调用对象的函数类型。函数的签名为::"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:277

msgid ""

"PyObject *PyCFunctionFast(PyObject *self,\n"

" PyObject *const *args,\n"

" Py_ssize_t nargs);"

msgstr ""

"PyObject *PyCFunctionFast(PyObject *self,\n"

" PyObject *const *args,\n"

" Py_ssize_t nargs);"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:283

msgid ""

"Type of the functions used to implement Python callables in C with signature"

" :ref:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS <METH_FASTCALL-METH_KEYWORDS>`. The "

"function signature is::"

msgstr ""

"用于在 C 中实现具有 :ref:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS <METH_FASTCALL-"

"METH_KEYWORDS>` 签名的 Python 可调用对象的函数类型。函数的签名为::"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:287

msgid ""

"PyObject *PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords(PyObject *self,\n"

" PyObject *const *args,\n"

" Py_ssize_t nargs,\n"

" PyObject *kwnames);"

msgstr ""

"PyObject *PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords(PyObject *self,\n"

" PyObject *const *args,\n"

" Py_ssize_t nargs,\n"

" PyObject *kwnames);"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:294

msgid ""

"Type of the functions used to implement Python callables in C with signature"

" :ref:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS <METH_METHOD-"

"METH_FASTCALL-METH_KEYWORDS>`. The function signature is::"

msgstr ""

"用于在 C 中实现具有 :ref:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS <METH_METHOD-"

"METH_FASTCALL-METH_KEYWORDS>` 签名的 Python 可调用对象的函数类型。函数的签名为::"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:298

msgid ""

"PyObject *PyCMethod(PyObject *self,\n"

" PyTypeObject *defining_class,\n"

" PyObject *const *args,\n"

" Py_ssize_t nargs,\n"

" PyObject *kwnames)"

msgstr ""

"PyObject *PyCMethod(PyObject *self,\n"

" PyTypeObject *defining_class,\n"

" PyObject *const *args,\n"

" Py_ssize_t nargs,\n"

" PyObject *kwnames)"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:309

msgid ""

"Structure used to describe a method of an extension type. This structure "

"has four fields:"

msgstr "用于描述一个扩展类型的方法的结构体。该结构体有四个字段："

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:314

msgid "Name of the method."

msgstr "方法的名称。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:316

msgid "A ``NULL`` *ml_name* marks the end of a :c:type:`!PyMethodDef` array."

msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:320

msgid "Pointer to the C implementation."

msgstr "指向 C 语言实现的指针。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:324

msgid "Flags bits indicating how the call should be constructed."

msgstr "指明调用应当如何构建的旗标位。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:328

msgid "Points to the contents of the docstring."

msgstr "指向文档字符串的内容。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:330

msgid ""

"The :c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_meth` is a C function pointer. The functions "

"may be of different types, but they always return :c:expr:`PyObject*`. If "

"the function is not of the :c:type:`PyCFunction`, the compiler will require "

"a cast in the method table. Even though :c:type:`PyCFunction` defines the "

"first parameter as :c:expr:`PyObject*`, it is common that the method "

"implementation uses the specific C type of the *self* object."

msgstr ""

":c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_meth` 是一个 C 函数指针。该函数可以为不同类型，但它们将总是返回 "

":c:expr:`PyObject*`。如果该函数不属于 :c:type:`PyCFunction`，则编译器将要求在方法表中进行转换。尽管 "

":c:type:`PyCFunction` 将第一个参数定义为 :c:expr:`PyObject*`，但该方法的实现使用 *self* 对象的特定 C"

" 类型也很常见。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:338

msgid ""

"The :c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_flags` field is a bitfield which can include "

"the following flags. The individual flags indicate either a calling "

"convention or a binding convention."

msgstr ":c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_flags` 字段是可以包含以下旗标的位字段。每个旗标表示一个调用惯例或绑定惯例。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:343

msgid "There are these calling conventions:"

msgstr "调用惯例有如下这些："

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:347

msgid ""

"This is the typical calling convention, where the methods have the type "

":c:type:`PyCFunction`. The function expects two :c:expr:`PyObject*` values. "

"The first one is the *self* object for methods; for module functions, it is "

"the module object. The second parameter (often called *args*) is a tuple "

"object representing all arguments. This parameter is typically processed "

"using :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` or :c:func:`PyArg_UnpackTuple`."

msgstr ""

"这是典型的调用惯例，其中方法的类型为 :c:type:`PyCFunction`。该函数接受两个 :c:expr:`PyObject*` 值。 "

"第一个是用于方法的 *self* 对象；对于模块函数，它将为模块对象。第二个形参 (常被命名为 *args*) 是一个代表所有参数的元组对象。 "

"该形参通常是使用 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 或 :c:func:`PyArg_UnpackTuple` 来处理的。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:357

msgid ""

"Can only be used in certain combinations with other flags: "

":ref:`METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS <METH_VARARGS-METH_KEYWORDS>`, "

":ref:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS <METH_FASTCALL-METH_KEYWORDS>` and "

":ref:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS <METH_METHOD-"

"METH_FASTCALL-METH_KEYWORDS>`."

msgstr ""

"只能用于同其他旗标形成特定的组合： :ref:`METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS <METH_VARARGS-"

"METH_KEYWORDS>`, :ref:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS <METH_FASTCALL-"

"METH_KEYWORDS>` 和 :ref:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS "

"<METH_METHOD-METH_FASTCALL-METH_KEYWORDS>`."

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:365

msgid ":c:expr:`METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS`"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:366

msgid ""

"Methods with these flags must be of type :c:type:`PyCFunctionWithKeywords`. "

"The function expects three parameters: *self*, *args*, *kwargs* where "

"*kwargs* is a dictionary of all the keyword arguments or possibly ``NULL`` "

"if there are no keyword arguments. The parameters are typically processed "

"using :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords`."

msgstr ""

"带有这些旗标的方法必须为 :c:type:`PyCFunctionWithKeywords` 类型。该函数接受三个形参：*self*, *args*, "

"*kwargs* 其中 *kwargs* 是一个包含所有关键字参数的字典或者如果没有关键字参数则可以为 ``NULL``。 这些形参通常是使用 "

":c:func:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords` 来处理的。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:375

msgid ""

"Fast calling convention supporting only positional arguments. The methods "

"have the type :c:type:`PyCFunctionFast`. The first parameter is *self*, the "

"second parameter is a C array of :c:expr:`PyObject*` values indicating the "

"arguments and the third parameter is the number of arguments (the length of "

"the array)."

msgstr ""

"快速调用惯例仅支持位置参数。这些方法的类型为 :c:type:`PyCFunctionFast`。第一个形参为 "

"*self*，第二个形参是由表示位置参数的由 :c:expr:`PyObject*` 值组成的 C 数组而第三个形参是位置参数的数量（数组的长度）。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:385

msgid "``METH_FASTCALL`` is now part of the :ref:`stable ABI <stable-abi>`."

msgstr "``METH_FASTCALL`` 现在是 :ref:`稳定 ABI <stable-abi>` 的一部分。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:390

msgid ":c:expr:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS`"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:391

msgid ""

"Extension of :c:macro:`METH_FASTCALL` supporting also keyword arguments, "

"with methods of type :c:type:`PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords`. Keyword "

"arguments are passed the same way as in the :ref:`vectorcall protocol "

"<vectorcall>`: there is an additional fourth :c:expr:`PyObject*` parameter "

"which is a tuple representing the names of the keyword arguments (which are "

"guaranteed to be strings) or possibly ``NULL`` if there are no keywords. "

"The values of the keyword arguments are stored in the *args* array, after "

"the positional arguments."

msgstr ""

":c:macro:`METH_FASTCALL` 的扩展也支持关键字参数，它使用类型为 "

":c:type:`PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords` 的方法。关键字参数的传递方式与 :ref:`vectorcall 协议 "

"<vectorcall>` 中的相同：还存在额外的第四个 :c:expr:`PyObject*` "

"形参，它是一个代表关键字参数名称（它会保证是字符串）的元组，或者如果没有关键字则可以是 ``NULL``。关键字参数的值存放在 *args* "

"数组中，在位置参数之后。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:406

msgid ""

"Can only be used in the combination with other flags: :ref:`METH_METHOD | "

"METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS <METH_METHOD-METH_FASTCALL-METH_KEYWORDS>`."

msgstr ""

"只能与其他旗标组合使用： :ref:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS <METH_METHOD-"

"METH_FASTCALL-METH_KEYWORDS>`."

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:412

msgid ":c:expr:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS`"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:413

msgid ""

"Extension of :ref:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS <METH_FASTCALL-"

"METH_KEYWORDS>` supporting the *defining class*, that is, the class that "

"contains the method in question. The defining class might be a superclass of"

" ``Py_TYPE(self)``."

msgstr ""

":ref:`METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS <METH_FASTCALL-METH_KEYWORDS>` 的扩展支持 "

"*定义式类*，也就是包含相应方法的类。定义式类可以是 ``Py_TYPE(self)`` 的超类。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:418

msgid ""

"The method needs to be of type :c:type:`PyCMethod`, the same as for "

"``METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS`` with ``defining_class`` argument added "

"after ``self``."

msgstr ""

"该方法必须为 :c:type:`PyCMethod` 类型，与在 ``self`` 之后添加了 ``defining_class`` 参数的 "

"``METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS`` 一样。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:427

msgid ""

"Methods without parameters don't need to check whether arguments are given "

"if they are listed with the :c:macro:`METH_NOARGS` flag. They need to be of"

" type :c:type:`PyCFunction`. The first parameter is typically named *self* "

"and will hold a reference to the module or object instance. In all cases "

"the second parameter will be ``NULL``."

msgstr ""

"没有形参的方法如果使用 :c:macro:`METH_NOARGS` 旗标列出，则无需检查是否给出了参数。它们必须为 "

":c:type:`PyCFunction` 类型。第一个形参通常被命名为 *self* 并将持有对模块或对象实例的引用。在所有情况下第二个形参都将为 "

"``NULL``."

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:433

msgid ""

"The function must have 2 parameters. Since the second parameter is unused, "

":c:macro:`Py_UNUSED` can be used to prevent a compiler warning."

msgstr "该函数必须有 2 个形参。由于第二个形参不会被使用，:c:macro:`Py_UNUSED` 可以被用来防止编译器警告。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:439

msgid ""

"Methods with a single object argument can be listed with the "

":c:macro:`METH_O` flag, instead of invoking :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` with "

"a ``\"O\"`` argument. They have the type :c:type:`PyCFunction`, with the "

"*self* parameter, and a :c:expr:`PyObject*` parameter representing the "

"single argument."

msgstr ""

"具有一个单独对象参数的方法可使用 :c:macro:`METH_O` 旗标列出，而不必调用 :c:func:`PyArg_ParseTuple` 并附带"

" ``\"O\"`` 参数。它们的类型为 :c:type:`PyCFunction`，带有 *self* 形参，以及代表该单独参数的 "

":c:expr:`PyObject*` 形参。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:445

msgid ""

"These two constants are not used to indicate the calling convention but the "

"binding when used with methods of classes. These may not be used for "

"functions defined for modules. At most one of these flags may be set for "

"any given method."

msgstr ""

"这两个常量不是被用来指明调用惯例而是在配合类方法使用时指明绑定。 它们不会被用于在模块上定义的函数。 对于任何给定方法这些旗标最多只会设置其中一个。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:455

msgid ""

"The method will be passed the type object as the first parameter rather than"

" an instance of the type. This is used to create *class methods*, similar "

"to what is created when using the :func:`classmethod` built-in function."

msgstr ""

"该方法将接受类型对象而不是类型的实例作为第一个形参。它会被用于创建 *类方法*，类似于使用 :func:`classmethod` "

"内置函数所创建的结果。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:465

msgid ""

"The method will be passed ``NULL`` as the first parameter rather than an "

"instance of the type. This is used to create *static methods*, similar to "

"what is created when using the :func:`staticmethod` built-in function."

msgstr ""

"该方法将接受 ``NULL`` 而不是类型的实例作为第一个形参。它会被用于创建 *静态方法*，类似于使用 :func:`staticmethod` "

"内置函数所创建的结果。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:469

msgid ""

"One other constant controls whether a method is loaded in place of another "

"definition with the same method name."

msgstr "另一个常量控制方法是否将被载入来替代具有相同方法名的另一个定义。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:475

msgid ""

"The method will be loaded in place of existing definitions. Without "

"*METH_COEXIST*, the default is to skip repeated definitions. Since slot "

"wrappers are loaded before the method table, the existence of a "

"*sq_contains* slot, for example, would generate a wrapped method named "

":meth:`~object.__contains__` and preclude the loading of a corresponding "

"PyCFunction with the same name. With the flag defined, the PyCFunction will"

" be loaded in place of the wrapper object and will co-exist with the slot. "

"This is helpful because calls to PyCFunctions are optimized more than "

"wrapper object calls."

msgstr ""

"该方法将被加载以替代现有的定义。如果没有 *METH_COEXIST*，默认将跳过重复的定义。由于槽位包装器会在方法表之前被加载，例如 当存在 "

"*sq_contains* 槽位时，将会生成一个名为 :meth:`~object.__contains__` 的已包装方法并阻止加载同名的相应 "

"PyCFunction。如果定义了此旗标，PyCFunction 将被加载以替代此包装器对象并与槽位共存。因为对 PyCFunction "

"的调用相比对包装器对象调用更为优化所以这是很有帮助的。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:488

msgid ""

"The type object corresponding to Python C method objects. This is available "

"as :class:`types.BuiltinMethodType` in the Python layer."

msgstr ""

"对应 Python C 方法对象的类型对象。它在 Python 层面上为 :class:`types.BuiltinMethodType`。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:494

msgid ""

"Return true if *op* is an instance of the :c:type:`PyCMethod_Type` type or a"

" subtype of it. This function always succeeds."

msgstr "如果 *op* 是 :c:type:`PyCMethod_Type` 类型或其子类型的实例则返回真值。此函数总是会成功执行。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:500

msgid ""

"This is the same as :c:func:`PyCMethod_Check`, but does not account for "

"subtypes."

msgstr "此函数与 :c:func:`PyCMethod_Check` 类似，但不会考虑子类型。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:506

msgid ""

"Turn *ml* into a Python :term:`callable` object. The caller must ensure that"

" *ml* outlives the :term:`callable`. Typically, *ml* is defined as a static "

"variable."

msgstr ""

"将 *ml* 转为一个 Python :term:`callable` 对象。调用方必须确保 *ml* 的生命期长于 "

":term:`callable`。通常，*ml* 会被定义为一个静态变量。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:510

msgid ""

"The *self* parameter will be passed as the *self* argument to the C function"

" in ``ml->ml_meth`` when invoked. *self* can be ``NULL``."

msgstr ""

"*self* 形参将在调用时作为 ``ml->ml_meth`` 中 C 函数的 *self* 参数传入。 *self* 可以为 ``NULL``。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:514

msgid ""

"The :term:`callable` object's ``__module__`` attribute can be set from the "

"given *module* argument. *module* should be a Python string, which will be "

"used as name of the module the function is defined in. If unavailable, it "

"can be set to :const:`None` or ``NULL``."

msgstr ""

":term:`callable` 对象的 ``__module__`` 属性可以根据给定的 *module* 参数来设置。 *module* 应为一个 "

"Python 字符串，它将被用作函数定义所在的模块名称。如果不可用，它将被设为 :const:`None` 或 ``NULL``。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:520

msgid ":attr:`function.__module__`"

msgstr ":attr:`function.__module__`"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:522

msgid ""

"The *cls* parameter will be passed as the *defining_class* argument to the C"

" function. Must be set if :c:macro:`METH_METHOD` is set on ``ml->ml_flags``."

msgstr ""

"*cls* 形参将被作为 C 函数的 *defining_class* 参数传入。如果在 ``ml->ml_flags`` 上设置了 "

":c:macro:`METH_METHOD` 则必须设置该形参。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:531

msgid ""

"The type object corresponding to Python C function objects. This is "

"available as :class:`types.BuiltinFunctionType` in the Python layer."

msgstr ""

"对应 Python C 函数对象的类型对象。它在 Python 层面上为 :class:`types.BuiltinFunctionType`。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:537

msgid ""

"Return true if *op* is an instance of the :c:type:`PyCFunction_Type` type or"

" a subtype of it. This function always succeeds."

msgstr "如果 *op* 是 :c:type:`PyCFunction_Type` 类型或其子类型的实例则返回真值。此函数总是会成功执行。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:543

msgid ""

"This is the same as :c:func:`PyCFunction_Check`, but does not account for "

"subtypes."

msgstr "此函数与 :c:func:`PyCFunction_Check` 类似，但不会考虑子类型。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:549

msgid "Equivalent to ``PyCMethod_New(ml, self, module, NULL)``."

msgstr "等价于 ``PyCMethod_New(ml, self, module, NULL)``。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:554

msgid "Equivalent to ``PyCMethod_New(ml, self, NULL, NULL)``."

msgstr "等价于 ``PyCMethod_New(ml, self, NULL, NULL)``。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:559

msgid ""

"Get the function's flags on *func* as they were passed to "

":c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_flags`."

msgstr "获取 *func* 上的函数旗标，即传给 :c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_flags` 的值。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:562 ../../c-api/structures.rst:580

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:600

msgid ""

"If *func* is not a C function object, this fails with an exception. *func* "

"must not be ``NULL``."

msgstr "如果 *func* 不是一个 C 函数对象，此函数执行将失败并引发异常。 *func* 不可为 ``NULL``。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:565

msgid ""

"This function returns the function's flags on success, and ``-1`` with an "

"exception set on failure."

msgstr "此函数成功时返回函数的旗标，失败时返回 ``-1`` 并设置一个异常。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:571

msgid ""

"This is the same as :c:func:`PyCFunction_GetFlags`, but without error or "

"type checking."

msgstr "此函数与 :c:func:`PyCFunction_GetFlags` 类似，但不带错误检测和类型检测。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:577

msgid ""

"Get the function pointer on *func* as it was passed to "

":c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_meth`."

msgstr "获取 *func* 上的函数指针，即传给 :c:member:`~PyMethodDef.ml_meth` 的值。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:583

msgid ""

"This function returns the function pointer on success, and ``NULL`` with an "

"exception set on failure."

msgstr "此函数成功时返回函数指针，失败时返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:589

msgid ""

"This is the same as :c:func:`PyCFunction_GetFunction`, but without error or "

"type checking."

msgstr "此函数与 :c:func:`PyCFunction_GetFunction` 类似，但不带错误检测和类型检测。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:595

msgid ""

"Get the \"self\" object on *func*. This is the object that would be passed "

"to the first argument of a :c:type:`PyCFunction`. For C function objects "

"created through a :c:type:`PyMethodDef` on a :c:type:`PyModuleDef`, this is "

"the resulting module object."

msgstr ""

"获取 *func* 上的 \"self\" 对象。即将被传给 :c:type:`PyCFunction` 的第一个参数的对象。对于通过 "

":c:type:`PyModuleDef` 上的 :c:type:`PyMethodDef` 创建的 C 函数对象，这将是结果模块对象。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:603

msgid ""

"This function returns a :term:`borrowed reference` to the \"self\" object on"

" success, and ``NULL`` with an exception set on failure."

msgstr ""

"此函数成功时返回一个指向 \"self\" 对象的 :term:`borrowed reference`，失败时返回 ``NULL`` 并设置一个异常。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:609

msgid ""

"This is the same as :c:func:`PyCFunction_GetSelf`, but without error or type"

" checking."

msgstr "此函数与 :c:func:`PyCFunction_GetSelf` 类似，但不带错误检测和类型检测。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:614

msgid "Accessing attributes of extension types"

msgstr "访问扩展类型的属性"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:618

msgid ""

"Structure which describes an attribute of a type which corresponds to a C "

"struct member. When defining a class, put a NULL-terminated array of these "

"structures in the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_members` slot."

msgstr ""

"描述某个 C 结构成员对应类型的属性的结构体。在定义类时，要把由这些结构组成的以 NULL 结尾的数组 放在 "

":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_members` 槽位中。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:623

msgid "Its fields are, in order:"

msgstr "其中的字段及顺序如下："

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:627

msgid ""

"Name of the member. A NULL value marks the end of a ``PyMemberDef[]`` array."

msgstr "成员名称。NULL 值表示 ``PyMemberDef[]`` 数组的结束。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:630

msgid "The string should be static, no copy is made of it."

msgstr "字符串应当是静态的，它不会被复制。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:634

msgid ""

"The type of the member in the C struct. See :ref:`PyMemberDef-types` for the"

" possible values."

msgstr "C 结构体中成员的类型。请参阅 :ref:`PyMemberDef-types` 了解可能的取值。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:639

msgid ""

"The offset in bytes that the member is located on the type’s object struct."

msgstr "成员在类型的对象结构体中所在位置的以字节为单位的偏移量。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:643

msgid ""

"Zero or more of the :ref:`PyMemberDef-flags`, combined using bitwise OR."

msgstr "零个或多个 :ref:`PyMemberDef-flags`，使用按位或运算进行组合。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:647

msgid ""

"The docstring, or NULL. The string should be static, no copy is made of it. "

"Typically, it is defined using :c:macro:`PyDoc_STR`."

msgstr "文档字符串，或者为空。该字符串应当是静态的，它不会被拷贝。通常，它是使用 :c:macro:`PyDoc_STR` 来定义的。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:651

msgid ""

"By default (when :c:member:`~PyMemberDef.flags` is ``0``), members allow "

"both read and write access. Use the :c:macro:`Py_READONLY` flag for read-"

"only access. Certain types, like :c:macro:`Py_T_STRING`, imply "

":c:macro:`Py_READONLY`. Only :c:macro:`Py_T_OBJECT_EX` (and legacy "

":c:macro:`T_OBJECT`) members can be deleted."

msgstr ""

"默认情况下 (当 :c:member:`~PyMemberDef.flags` 为 ``0`` 时)，成员同时允许读取和写入访问。使用 "

":c:macro:`Py_READONLY` 旗标表示只读访问。某些类型，如 :c:macro:`Py_T_STRING`，隐含要求 "

":c:macro:`Py_READONLY`。只有 :c:macro:`Py_T_OBJECT_EX` (以及旧式的 "

":c:macro:`T_OBJECT`) 成员可以删除。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:660

msgid ""

"For heap-allocated types (created using :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` or "

"similar), ``PyMemberDef`` may contain a definition for the special member "

"``\"__vectorcalloffset__\"``, corresponding to "

":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall_offset` in type objects. This member "

"must be defined with ``Py_T_PYSSIZET``, and either ``Py_READONLY`` or "

"``Py_READONLY | Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET``. For example::"

msgstr ""

"对于堆分配类型（使用 :c:func:`PyType_FromSpec` 或类似函数创建），``PyMemberDef`` 可能包含特殊成员 "

"``\"__vectorcalloffset__\"`` 的定义，与类型对象中的 "

":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_vectorcall_offset` 相对应。此成员必须用 ``Py_T_PYSSIZET`` "

"和 ``Py_READONLY`` 或 ``Py_READONLY | Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET`` 来定义，例如::"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:667

msgid ""

"static PyMemberDef spam_type_members[] = {\n"

" {\"__vectorcalloffset__\", Py_T_PYSSIZET,\n"

" offsetof(Spam_object, vectorcall), Py_READONLY},\n"

" {NULL} /* Sentinel */\n"

"};"

msgstr ""

"static PyMemberDef spam_type_members[] = {\n"

" {\"__vectorcalloffset__\", Py_T_PYSSIZET,\n"

" offsetof(Spam_object, vectorcall), Py_READONLY},\n"

" {NULL} /* 哨兵 */\n"

"};"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:673

msgid "(You may need to ``#include <stddef.h>`` for :c:func:`!offsetof`.)"

msgstr "（您可能需要为 :c:func:`!offsetof` 添加 ``#include <stddef.h>``。）"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:675

msgid ""

"The legacy offsets :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset` and "

":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` can be defined similarly using "

"``\"__dictoffset__\"`` and ``\"__weaklistoffset__\"`` members, but "

"extensions are strongly encouraged to use :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT`"

" and :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF` instead."

msgstr ""

"旧式的偏移量 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dictoffset` 和 "

":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_weaklistoffset` 可使用 ``\"__dictoffset__\"`` 和 "

"``\"__weaklistoffset__\"`` 成员进行类似的定义，但强烈建议扩展程序改用 "

":c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT` 和 :c:macro:`Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREF`。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:683

msgid ""

"``PyMemberDef`` is always available. Previously, it required including "

"``\"structmember.h\"``."

msgstr "``PyMemberDef`` 将始终可用。在之前版本中，它需要包括 ``\"structmember.h\"``。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:688

msgid ""

":c:macro:`Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET` is now allowed for "

"``\"__vectorcalloffset__\"``, ``\"__dictoffset__\"`` and "

"``\"__weaklistoffset__\"``."

msgstr ""

"宏 :c:macro:`Py_RELATIVE_OFFSET` 现在允许用于 "

"``\"__vectorcalloffset__\"``、``\"__dictoffset__\"`` 和 "

"``\"__weaklistoffset__\"``。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:694

msgid ""

"Get an attribute belonging to the object at address *obj_addr*. The "

"attribute is described by ``PyMemberDef`` *m*. Returns ``NULL`` on error."

msgstr ""

"获取属于位于地址 *obj_addr* 上的对象的某个属性。该属性是以 ``PyMemberDef`` *m* 来描述的。出错时返回 ``NULL``."

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:700

msgid ""

"``PyMember_GetOne`` is always available. Previously, it required including "

"``\"structmember.h\"``."

msgstr "``PyMember_GetOne`` 将总是可用。在之前版本中，它需要包括 ``\"structmember.h\"``。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:705

msgid ""

"Set an attribute belonging to the object at address *obj_addr* to object "

"*o*. The attribute to set is described by ``PyMemberDef`` *m*. Returns "

"``0`` if successful and a negative value on failure."

msgstr ""

"将属于位于地址 *obj_addr* 的对象的属性设置到对象 *o*。要设置的属性由 ``PyMemberDef`` *m* 描述。成功时返回 "

"``0`` 而失败时返回负值。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:711

msgid ""

"``PyMember_SetOne`` is always available. Previously, it required including "

"``\"structmember.h\"``."

msgstr "``PyMember_SetOne`` 将总是可用。在之前版本中，它需要包括 ``\"structmember.h\"``。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:717

msgid "Member flags"

msgstr "成员旗标"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:719

msgid "The following flags can be used with :c:member:`PyMemberDef.flags`:"

msgstr "以下旗标可被用于 :c:member:`PyMemberDef.flags`:"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:723

msgid "Not writable."

msgstr "不可写入。"

#: ../../c-api/structures.rst:727

msgid ""

"Emit an ``object.__getattr__`` :ref:`audit event <audit-events>` before "

"reading."

msgstr "在读取之前发出一个 ``object.__getattr__`` :ref:`审计事件 <audit-events>`。"