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msgstr ""

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#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:8

msgid "Memory Management"

msgstr "内存管理"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:13

msgid "Overview"

msgstr "概述"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:15

msgid ""

"Memory management in Python involves a private heap containing all Python "

"objects and data structures. The management of this private heap is ensured "

"internally by the *Python memory manager*. The Python memory manager has "

"different components which deal with various dynamic storage management "

"aspects, like sharing, segmentation, preallocation or caching."

msgstr ""

"在 Python 中，内存管理涉及到一个包含所有 Python 对象和数据结构的私有堆（heap）。这个私有堆的管理由内部的 *Python "

"内存管理器（Python memory manager）* 保证。Python "

"内存管理器有不同的组件来处理各种动态存储管理方面的问题，如共享、分割、预分配或缓存。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:21

msgid ""

"At the lowest level, a raw memory allocator ensures that there is enough "

"room in the private heap for storing all Python-related data by interacting "

"with the memory manager of the operating system. On top of the raw memory "

"allocator, several object-specific allocators operate on the same heap and "

"implement distinct memory management policies adapted to the peculiarities "

"of every object type. For example, integer objects are managed differently "

"within the heap than strings, tuples or dictionaries because integers imply "

"different storage requirements and speed/space tradeoffs. The Python memory "

"manager thus delegates some of the work to the object-specific allocators, "

"but ensures that the latter operate within the bounds of the private heap."

msgstr ""

"在最底层，一个原始内存分配器通过与操作系统的内存管理器交互，确保私有堆中有足够的空间来存储所有与 Python "

"相关的数据。在原始内存分配器的基础上，几个对象特定的分配器在同一堆上运行，并根据每种对象类型的特点实现不同的内存管理策略。例如，整数对象在堆内的管理方式不同于字符串、元组或字典，因为整数需要不同的存储需求和速度与空间的权衡。因此，Python"

" 内存管理器将一些工作分配给对象特定分配器，但确保后者在私有堆的范围内运行。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:32

msgid ""

"It is important to understand that the management of the Python heap is "

"performed by the interpreter itself and that the user has no control over "

"it, even if they regularly manipulate object pointers to memory blocks "

"inside that heap. The allocation of heap space for Python objects and other"

" internal buffers is performed on demand by the Python memory manager "

"through the Python/C API functions listed in this document."

msgstr ""

"Python 堆内存的管理是由解释器来执行，用户对它没有控制权，即使他们经常操作指向堆内内存块的对象指针，理解这一点十分重要。Python "

"对象和其他内部缓冲区的堆空间分配是由 Python 内存管理器按需通过本文档中列出的 Python/C API 函数进行的。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:45

msgid ""

"To avoid memory corruption, extension writers should never try to operate on"

" Python objects with the functions exported by the C library: "

":c:func:`malloc`, :c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` and :c:func:`free`. "

"This will result in mixed calls between the C allocator and the Python "

"memory manager with fatal consequences, because they implement different "

"algorithms and operate on different heaps. However, one may safely allocate"

" and release memory blocks with the C library allocator for individual "

"purposes, as shown in the following example::"

msgstr ""

"为了避免内存破坏，扩展的作者永远不应该试图用 C 库函数导出的函数来对 Python 对象进行操作，这些函数包括： :c:func:`malloc`, "

":c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` 和 :c:func:`free`。这将导致 C 分配器和 Python "

"内存管理器之间的混用，引发严重后果，这是由于它们实现了不同的算法，并在不同的堆上操作。但是，我们可以安全地使用 C "

"库分配器为单独的目的分配和释放内存块，如下例所示："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:54

msgid ""

"PyObject *res;\n"

"char *buf = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */\n"

"\n"

"if (buf == NULL)\n"

" return PyErr_NoMemory();\n"

"...Do some I/O operation involving buf...\n"

"res = PyBytes_FromString(buf);\n"

"free(buf); /* malloc'ed */\n"

"return res;"

msgstr ""

"PyObject *res;\n"

"char *buf = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */\n"

"\n"

"if (buf == NULL)\n"

" return PyErr_NoMemory();\n"

"...执行一些涉及 buf 的 I/O 操作...\n"

"res = PyBytes_FromString(buf);\n"

"free(buf); /* 已分配的 */\n"

"return res;"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:64

msgid ""

"In this example, the memory request for the I/O buffer is handled by the C "

"library allocator. The Python memory manager is involved only in the "

"allocation of the bytes object returned as a result."

msgstr "在这个例子中，I/O 缓冲区的内存请求是由 C 库分配器处理的。Python 内存管理器只参与了分配作为结果返回的字节对象。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:68

msgid ""

"In most situations, however, it is recommended to allocate memory from the "

"Python heap specifically because the latter is under control of the Python "

"memory manager. For example, this is required when the interpreter is "

"extended with new object types written in C. Another reason for using the "

"Python heap is the desire to *inform* the Python memory manager about the "

"memory needs of the extension module. Even when the requested memory is used"

" exclusively for internal, highly specific purposes, delegating all memory "

"requests to the Python memory manager causes the interpreter to have a more "

"accurate image of its memory footprint as a whole. Consequently, under "

"certain circumstances, the Python memory manager may or may not trigger "

"appropriate actions, like garbage collection, memory compaction or other "

"preventive procedures. Note that by using the C library allocator as shown "

"in the previous example, the allocated memory for the I/O buffer escapes "

"completely the Python memory manager."

msgstr ""

"然而，在大多数情况下，都建议专门基于 Python 堆来分配内存，因为后者是由 Python 内存管理器控制的。例如，当解释器使用 C "

"编写的新对象类型进行扩展时就必须这样做。使用 Python 堆的另一个理由是需要能 *通知* Python "

"内存管理器有关扩展模块的内存需求。即使所请求的内存全部只用于内部的、高度特定的目的，将所有的内存请求交给 Python "

"内存管理器能让解释器对其内存占用的整体情况有更准确的了解。 因此，在特定情况下，Python "

"内存管理器可能会触发或不触发适当的操作，如垃圾回收、内存压缩或其他的预防性操作。请注意通过使用前面例子所演示的 C 库分配器，为 I/O "

"缓冲区分配的内存将完全不受 Python 内存管理器的控制。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:84

msgid ""

"The :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable can be used to configure the"

" memory allocators used by Python."

msgstr "环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` 可被用来配置 Python 所使用的内存分配器。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:87

msgid ""

"The :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOCSTATS` environment variable can be used to print "

"statistics of the :ref:`pymalloc memory allocator <pymalloc>` every time a "

"new pymalloc object arena is created, and on shutdown."

msgstr ""

"环境变量 :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOCSTATS` 可以用来在每次创建新的 pymalloc 对象区域时以及在关闭时打印 "

":ref:`pymalloc 内存分配器 <pymalloc>` 的统计数据。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:92

msgid "Allocator Domains"

msgstr "分配器域"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:96

msgid ""

"All allocating functions belong to one of three different \"domains\" (see "

"also :c:type:`PyMemAllocatorDomain`). These domains represent different "

"allocation strategies and are optimized for different purposes. The specific"

" details on how every domain allocates memory or what internal functions "

"each domain calls is considered an implementation detail, but for debugging "

"purposes a simplified table can be found at :ref:`default-memory-"

"allocators`. The APIs used to allocate and free a block of memory must be "

"from the same domain. For example, :c:func:`PyMem_Free` must be used to free"

" memory allocated using :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`."

msgstr ""

"所有分配函数都归属于三个不同的“域”之一 (另请参阅 :c:type:`PyMemAllocatorDomain`)。 "

"这些域代表不同的分配策略并针对不同的目的进行了优化。每个域如何分配内存以及每个域会调用哪些内部函数的详情被认为是实现细节，但是出于调试目的可以在 "

":ref:`default-memory-allocators` 找到一张简化的表格。用于分配和释放内存的 API "

"必须来自同一个域。例如，:c:func:`PyMem_Free` 必须被用来释放使用 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 分配的内存。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:105

msgid "The three allocation domains are:"

msgstr "三个分配域分别是："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:107

msgid ""

"Raw domain: intended for allocating memory for general-purpose memory "

"buffers where the allocation *must* go to the system allocator or where the "

"allocator can operate without an :term:`attached thread state`. The memory "

"is requested directly from the system. See :ref:`Raw Memory Interface <raw-"

"memoryinterface>`."

msgstr ""

"原始域：用于为通用内存缓冲区分配内存，其分配 *必须* 转到系统分配器或者可在没有 :term:`attached thread state` "

"的情况下使用的分配器。内存将直接自系统请求。参见 :ref:`原始内存接口 <raw-memoryinterface>`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:112

msgid ""

"\"Mem\" domain: intended for allocating memory for Python buffers and "

"general-purpose memory buffers where the allocation must be performed with "

"an :term:`attached thread state`. The memory is taken from the Python "

"private heap. See :ref:`Memory Interface <memoryinterface>`."

msgstr ""

"“内存”域：用于为 Python 缓冲区和通用内存缓冲区分配内存，其分配必须在具有 :term:`attached thread state` "

"的情况下进行。内存将从 Python 私有堆获取。参见 :ref:`内存接口 <memoryinterface>`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:117

msgid ""

"Object domain: intended for allocating memory for Python objects. The memory"

" is taken from the Python private heap. See :ref:`Object allocators "

"<objectinterface>`."

msgstr ""

"对象域：用于为 Python 对象分配内存。内存将从 Python 私有堆获取。参见 :ref:`对象分配器 <objectinterface>`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:122

msgid ""

"The :term:`free-threaded <free threading>` build requires that only Python "

"objects are allocated using the \"object\" domain and that all Python "

"objects are allocated using that domain. This differs from the prior Python "

"versions, where this was only a best practice and not a hard requirement."

msgstr ""

":term:`自由线程 <free threading>` 构建版要求仅 Python 对象使用\"对象\"域来分配并且所有 Python "

"对象都使用该域来分配。这不同于之前的 Python 版本，在之前版本中这只是最佳实践而非硬性要求。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:126

msgid ""

"For example, buffers (non-Python objects) should be allocated using "

":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`, or :c:func:`malloc`, but "

"not :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`."

msgstr ""

"例如，缓冲区（非 Python 对象）的分配应当使用 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`"

" 或 :c:func:`malloc`，而不能用 :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:129

msgid "See :ref:`Memory Allocation APIs <free-threaded-memory-allocation>`."

msgstr "参见 :ref:`内存分配 API <free-threaded-memory-allocation>`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:135

msgid "Raw Memory Interface"

msgstr "原始内存接口"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:137

msgid ""

"The following function sets are wrappers to the system allocator. These "

"functions are thread-safe, so a :term:`thread state` does not need to be "

":term:`attached <attached thread state>`."

msgstr ""

"以下函数集是系统分配器的包装器。这些函数是线程安全的，因此不需要 :term:`附加 <attached thread state>` "

":term:`thread state` 对象。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:141

msgid ""

"The :ref:`default raw memory allocator <default-memory-allocators>` uses the"

" following functions: :c:func:`malloc`, :c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` "

"and :c:func:`!free`; call ``malloc(1)`` (or ``calloc(1, 1)``) when "

"requesting zero bytes."

msgstr ""

":ref:`默认原始内存分配器 <default-memory-allocators>` 使用以下函数：:c:func:`malloc`, "

":c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` 和 :c:func:`!free`；当请求零个字节时则调用 "

"``malloc(1)`` (或 ``calloc(1, 1)``)。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:150 ../../c-api/memory.rst:228

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:361

msgid ""

"Allocates *n* bytes and returns a pointer of type :c:expr:`void*` to the "

"allocated memory, or ``NULL`` if the request fails."

msgstr "分配 *n* 个字节并返回一个指向所分配内存的 :c:expr:`void*` 类型指针，如果请求失败则返回 ``NULL``。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:153

msgid ""

"Requesting zero bytes returns a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, "

"as if ``PyMem_RawMalloc(1)`` had been called instead. The memory will not "

"have been initialized in any way."

msgstr ""

"请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyMem_RawMalloc(1)`` 一样。但是内存不会以任何方式被初始化。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:160 ../../c-api/memory.rst:238

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:371

msgid ""

"Allocates *nelem* elements each whose size in bytes is *elsize* and returns "

"a pointer of type :c:expr:`void*` to the allocated memory, or ``NULL`` if "

"the request fails. The memory is initialized to zeros."

msgstr ""

"分配 *nelem* 个元素，每个元素的大小为 *elsize* 个字节，并返回指向所分配的内存的 :c:expr:`void*` "

"类型指针，如果请求失败则返回 ``NULL``。内存会被初始化为零。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:164

msgid ""

"Requesting zero elements or elements of size zero bytes returns a distinct "

"non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, as if ``PyMem_RawCalloc(1, 1)`` had been "

"called instead."

msgstr "请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyMem_RawCalloc(1, 1)`` 一样。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:173 ../../c-api/memory.rst:251

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:384

msgid ""

"Resizes the memory block pointed to by *p* to *n* bytes. The contents will "

"be unchanged to the minimum of the old and the new sizes."

msgstr "将 *p* 指向的内存块大小调整为 *n* 字节。以新旧内存块大小中的最小值为准，其中内容保持不变，"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:176

msgid ""

"If *p* is ``NULL``, the call is equivalent to ``PyMem_RawMalloc(n)``; else "

"if *n* is equal to zero, the memory block is resized but is not freed, and "

"the returned pointer is non-``NULL``."

msgstr ""

"如果 *p* 是 ``NULL``，则相当于调用 ``PyMem_RawMalloc(n)``；如果 *n* 等于 "

"0，则内存块大小会被调整，但不会被释放，返回非 ``NULL`` 指针。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:180

msgid ""

"Unless *p* is ``NULL``, it must have been returned by a previous call to "

":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` or "

":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`."

msgstr ""

"除非 *p* 是 ``NULL``，否则它必须是之前调用 "

":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`、:c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` 或 "

":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc` 所返回的。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:184

msgid ""

"If the request fails, :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` returns ``NULL`` and *p* "

"remains a valid pointer to the previous memory area."

msgstr "如果请求失败，:c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` 返回 ``NULL``，*p* 仍然是指向先前内存区域的有效指针。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:190

msgid ""

"Frees the memory block pointed to by *p*, which must have been returned by a"

" previous call to :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` or "

":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`. Otherwise, or if ``PyMem_RawFree(p)`` has been "

"called before, undefined behavior occurs."

msgstr ""

"释放 *p* 指向的内存块。*p* 必须是之前调用 "

":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`、:c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` 或 "

":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc` 所返回的指针。否则，或在 ``PyMem_RawFree(p)`` "

"之前已经调用过的情况下，未定义的行为会发生。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:195 ../../c-api/memory.rst:272

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:405

msgid "If *p* is ``NULL``, no operation is performed."

msgstr "如果 *p* 是 ``NULL``, 那么什么操作也不会进行。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:201

msgid "Memory Interface"

msgstr "内存接口"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:203 ../../c-api/memory.rst:340

msgid ""

"The following function sets, modeled after the ANSI C standard, but "

"specifying behavior when requesting zero bytes, are available for allocating"

" and releasing memory from the Python heap."

msgstr "以下函数集，仿照 ANSI C 标准，并指定了请求零字节时的行为，可用于从 Python 堆分配和释放内存。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:207

msgid ""

"In the GIL-enabled build (default build) the :ref:`default memory allocator "

"<default-memory-allocators>` uses the :ref:`pymalloc memory allocator "

"<pymalloc>`, whereas in the :term:`free-threaded build`, the default is the "

":ref:`mimalloc memory allocator <mimalloc>` instead."

msgstr ""

"在启用 GIL 的构建（默认构建）上 :ref:`默认内存分配器 <default-memory-allocators>` 使用 "

":ref:`pymalloc 内存分配器 <pymalloc>`，而在 :term:`free-threaded build` 上，默认改用 "

":ref:`mimalloc 内存分配器 <mimalloc>`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:215 ../../c-api/memory.rst:357

msgid ""

"There must be an :term:`attached thread state` when using these functions."

msgstr "在使用这些函数时必须有一个 :term:`attached thread state`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:219

msgid ""

"The default allocator is now pymalloc instead of system :c:func:`malloc`."

msgstr "现在默认的分配器是 pymalloc 而非系统的 :c:func:`malloc` 函数。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:223

msgid ""

"In the :term:`free-threaded <free threading>` build, the default allocator "

"is now :ref:`mimalloc <mimalloc>`."

msgstr ""

"在 :term:`free-threaded <free threading>` 构建上，现在默认的分配器是 :ref:`mimalloc "

"<mimalloc>`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:231

msgid ""

"Requesting zero bytes returns a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, "

"as if ``PyMem_Malloc(1)`` had been called instead. The memory will not have "

"been initialized in any way."

msgstr ""

"请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyMem_Malloc(1)`` 一样。但是内存不会以任何方式被初始化。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:242

msgid ""

"Requesting zero elements or elements of size zero bytes returns a distinct "

"non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, as if ``PyMem_Calloc(1, 1)`` had been "

"called instead."

msgstr "请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyMem_Calloc(1, 1)`` 一样。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:254

msgid ""

"If *p* is ``NULL``, the call is equivalent to ``PyMem_Malloc(n)``; else if "

"*n* is equal to zero, the memory block is resized but is not freed, and the "

"returned pointer is non-``NULL``."

msgstr ""

"如果 *p* 是 ``NULL``，则相当于调用 ``PyMem_Malloc(n)``；如果 *n* 等于 "

"0，则内存块大小会被调整，但不会被释放，返回非 ``NULL`` 指针。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:258

msgid ""

"Unless *p* is ``NULL``, it must have been returned by a previous call to "

":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` or :c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`."

msgstr ""

"除非 *p* 是 ``NULL``，否则它必须是之前调用 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`、:c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` "

"或 :c:func:`PyMem_Calloc` 所返回的。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:261

msgid ""

"If the request fails, :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` returns ``NULL`` and *p* "

"remains a valid pointer to the previous memory area."

msgstr "如果请求失败，:c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` 返回 ``NULL``，*p* 仍然是指向先前内存区域的有效指针。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:267

msgid ""

"Frees the memory block pointed to by *p*, which must have been returned by a"

" previous call to :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` or "

":c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`. Otherwise, or if ``PyMem_Free(p)`` has been called "

"before, undefined behavior occurs."

msgstr ""

"释放 *p* 指向的内存块。*p* 必须是之前调用 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`、:c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` 或 "

":c:func:`PyMem_Calloc` 所返回的指针。否则，或在 ``PyMem_Free(p)`` 之前已经调用过的情况下，未定义的行为会发生。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:274

msgid ""

"The following type-oriented macros are provided for convenience. Note that"

" *TYPE* refers to any C type."

msgstr "以下面向类型的宏为方便而提供。注意 *TYPE* 可以指任何 C 类型。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:280

msgid ""

"Same as :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, but allocates ``(n * sizeof(TYPE))`` bytes "

"of memory. Returns a pointer cast to ``TYPE*``. The memory will not have "

"been initialized in any way."

msgstr ""

"与 :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc` 相同，但会分配 ``(n * sizeof(TYPE))`` 字节的内存。返回一个转换为 "

"``TYPE*`` 的指针。内存不会以任何方式被初始化。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:287

msgid ""

"Same as :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`, but the memory block is resized to ``(n * "

"sizeof(TYPE))`` bytes. Returns a pointer cast to ``TYPE*``. On return, *p* "

"will be a pointer to the new memory area, or ``NULL`` in the event of "

"failure."

msgstr ""

"与 :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` 类似，但内存块的大小被调整为 ``(n * sizeof(TYPE))`` 个字节。返回一个转换为 "

"``TYPE*`` 的指针。在返回时，*p* 将是一个指向新内存区域的指针，或者如果执行失败则为 ``NULL``。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:292

msgid ""

"This is a C preprocessor macro; *p* is always reassigned. Save the original"

" value of *p* to avoid losing memory when handling errors."

msgstr "这是一个 C 预处理宏， *p* 总是被重新赋值。请保存 *p* 的原始值，以避免在处理错误时丢失内存。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:298

msgid "Same as :c:func:`PyMem_Free`."

msgstr "与 :c:func:`PyMem_Free` 相同"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:302

msgid "Deprecated aliases"

msgstr "一些已被弃用的别名"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:304

msgid ""

"These are :term:`soft deprecated` aliases to existing functions and macros. "

"They exist solely for backwards compatibility."

msgstr "这些是现有函数和宏的已处于 :term:`soft deprecated` 状态的别名。它们的存在只是为了向下兼容。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:311

msgid "Deprecated alias"

msgstr "已弃用的别名"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:312

msgid "Corresponding function or macro"

msgstr "对应的函数或宏"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:314

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:316

msgid ":c:macro:`PyMem_New`"

msgstr ":c:macro:`PyMem_New`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:318 ../../c-api/memory.rst:507

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:320

msgid ":c:macro:`PyMem_Resize`"

msgstr ":c:macro:`PyMem_Resize`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:322 ../../c-api/memory.rst:324

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:509

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Free`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Free`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:328

msgid ""

"The macros are now aliases of the corresponding functions and macros. "

"Previously, their behavior was the same, but their use did not necessarily "

"preserve binary compatibility across Python versions."

msgstr "这些宏现在是对应的函数和宏的别名。在之前版本中，它们的行为是相同的，但它们的使用不一定能跨 Python 版本保持二进制兼容。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:338

msgid "Object allocators"

msgstr "对象分配器"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:345

msgid ""

"There is no guarantee that the memory returned by these allocators can be "

"successfully cast to a Python object when intercepting the allocating "

"functions in this domain by the methods described in the :ref:`Customize "

"Memory Allocators <customize-memory-allocators>` section."

msgstr ""

"当通过 :ref:`自定义内存分配器 <customize-memory-allocators>` "

"部分描述的方法拦截该域中的分配函数时，无法保证这些分配器返回的内存可以被成功地转换成 Python 对象。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:350

msgid ""

"The :ref:`default object allocator <default-memory-allocators>` uses the "

":ref:`pymalloc memory allocator <pymalloc>`. In the :term:`free-threaded "

"<free threading>` build, the default is the :ref:`mimalloc memory allocator "

"<mimalloc>` instead."

msgstr ""

":ref:`默认对象分配器 <default-memory-allocators>` 使用 :ref:`pymalloc 内存分配器 "

"<pymalloc>`。 在 :term:`自由线程 <free threading>` 构建上，默认改用 :ref:`mimalloc 内存分配器 "

"<mimalloc>`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:364

msgid ""

"Requesting zero bytes returns a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, "

"as if ``PyObject_Malloc(1)`` had been called instead. The memory will not "

"have been initialized in any way."

msgstr ""

"请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyObject_Malloc(1)`` 一样。但是内存不会以任何方式被初始化。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:375

msgid ""

"Requesting zero elements or elements of size zero bytes returns a distinct "

"non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, as if ``PyObject_Calloc(1, 1)`` had been "

"called instead."

msgstr "请求零字节可能返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针，就像调用了 ``PyObject_Calloc(1, 1)`` 一样。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:387

msgid ""

"If *p* is ``NULL``, the call is equivalent to ``PyObject_Malloc(n)``; else "

"if *n* is equal to zero, the memory block is resized but is not freed, and "

"the returned pointer is non-``NULL``."

msgstr ""

"如果 *p* 是 ``NULL``，则相当于调用 ``PyObject_Malloc(n)``；如果 *n* 等于 "

"0，则内存块大小会被调整，但不会被释放，返回非 ``NULL`` 指针。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:391

msgid ""

"Unless *p* is ``NULL``, it must have been returned by a previous call to "

":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` or "

":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`."

msgstr ""

"除非 *p* 是 ``NULL``，否则它必须是之前调用 "

":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`、:c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` 或 "

":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc` 所返回的。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:394

msgid ""

"If the request fails, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` returns ``NULL`` and *p* "

"remains a valid pointer to the previous memory area."

msgstr "如果请求失败，:c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` 返回 ``NULL``，*p* 仍然是指向先前内存区域的有效指针。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:400

msgid ""

"Frees the memory block pointed to by *p*, which must have been returned by a"

" previous call to :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` or "

":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`. Otherwise, or if ``PyObject_Free(p)`` has been "

"called before, undefined behavior occurs."

msgstr ""

"释放 *p* 指向的内存块。*p* 必须是之前调用 "

":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`、:c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` 或 "

":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc` 所返回的指针。否则，或在 ``PyObject_Free(p)`` "

"之前已经调用过的情况下，未定义行为会发生。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:407

msgid ""

"Do not call this directly to free an object's memory; call the type's "

":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free` slot instead."

msgstr "请不要直接调用此函数来释放对象的内存；而应调用类型的 :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free` 槽位。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:410

msgid ""

"Do not use this for memory allocated by :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_New` or "

":c:macro:`PyObject_GC_NewVar`; use :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del` instead."

msgstr ""

"请不要为 :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_New` 或 :c:macro:`PyObject_GC_NewVar` "

"所分配的内存使用此宏；而应改用 :c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:415

msgid ""

":c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del` is the equivalent of this function for memory "

"allocated by types that support garbage collection."

msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_GC_Del` 是该函数针对由支持垃圾回收的类型分配的内存的等价物。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:417 ../../c-api/memory.rst:515

msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:418 ../../c-api/memory.rst:516

msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Realloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Realloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:419 ../../c-api/memory.rst:517

msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:420

msgid ":c:macro:`PyObject_New`"

msgstr ":c:macro:`PyObject_New`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:421

msgid ":c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar`"

msgstr ":c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:422

msgid ":c:func:`PyType_GenericAlloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyType_GenericAlloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:423

msgid ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free`"

msgstr ":c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_free`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:429

msgid "Default Memory Allocators"

msgstr "默认内存分配器"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:431

msgid "Default memory allocators:"

msgstr "默认内存分配器："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:434

msgid "Configuration"

msgstr "配置"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:434

msgid "Name"

msgstr "名称"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:434

msgid "PyMem_RawMalloc"

msgstr "PyMem_RawMalloc"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:434

msgid "PyMem_Malloc"

msgstr "PyMem_Malloc"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:434

msgid "PyObject_Malloc"

msgstr "PyObject_Malloc"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:436

msgid "Release build"

msgstr "发布版本"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:436

msgid "``\"pymalloc\"``"

msgstr "``\"pymalloc\"``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:436 ../../c-api/memory.rst:438

msgid "``malloc``"

msgstr "``malloc``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:436

msgid "``pymalloc``"

msgstr "``pymalloc``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:437

msgid "Debug build"

msgstr "调试构建"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:437

msgid "``\"pymalloc_debug\"``"

msgstr "``\"pymalloc_debug\"``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:437 ../../c-api/memory.rst:439

msgid "``malloc`` + debug"

msgstr "``malloc`` + debug"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:437

msgid "``pymalloc`` + debug"

msgstr "``pymalloc`` + debug"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:438

msgid "Release build, without pymalloc"

msgstr "没有 pymalloc 的发布版本"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:438

msgid "``\"malloc\"``"

msgstr "``\"malloc\"``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:439

msgid "Debug build, without pymalloc"

msgstr "没有 pymalloc 的调试构建"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:439

msgid "``\"malloc_debug\"``"

msgstr "``\"malloc_debug\"``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:440

msgid "Free-threaded build"

msgstr "自由线程构建版"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:440

msgid "``\"mimalloc\"``"

msgstr "``\"mimalloc\"``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:440

msgid "``mimalloc``"

msgstr "``mimalloc``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:441

msgid "Free-threaded debug build"

msgstr "自由线程调试构建版"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:441

msgid "``\"mimalloc_debug\"``"

msgstr "``\"mimalloc_debug\"``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:441

msgid "``mimalloc`` + debug"

msgstr "``mimalloc`` + debug"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:444

msgid "Legend:"

msgstr "说明："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:446

msgid "Name: value for :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable."

msgstr "名称：:envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` 环境变量的值。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:447

msgid ""

"``malloc``: system allocators from the standard C library, C functions: "

":c:func:`malloc`, :c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` and :c:func:`free`."

msgstr ""

"``malloc``: 来自 C 标准库的系统分配器，C "

"函数：:c:func:`malloc`、:c:func:`calloc`、:c:func:`realloc` 和 :c:func:`free`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:449

msgid "``pymalloc``: :ref:`pymalloc memory allocator <pymalloc>`."

msgstr "``pymalloc``: :ref:`pymalloc 内存分配器 <pymalloc>`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:450

msgid "``mimalloc``: :ref:`mimalloc memory allocator <mimalloc>`."

msgstr "``mimalloc``: :ref:`mimalloc 内存分配器 <mimalloc>`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:451

msgid ""

"\"+ debug\": with :ref:`debug hooks on the Python memory allocators <pymem-"

"debug-hooks>`."

msgstr "\"+ debug\": 附带 :ref:`Python 内存分配器的调试钩子 <pymem-debug-hooks>`."

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:453

msgid "\"Debug build\": :ref:`Python build in debug mode <debug-build>`."

msgstr "“调试构建”：:ref:`调试模式下的 Python 构建 <debug-build>`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:458

msgid "Customize Memory Allocators"

msgstr "自定义内存分配器"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:464

msgid ""

"Structure used to describe a memory block allocator. The structure has the "

"following fields:"

msgstr "用于描述内存块分配器的结构体。该结构体具有下列字段："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:468 ../../c-api/memory.rst:723

msgid "Field"

msgstr "域"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:468 ../../c-api/memory.rst:723

msgid "Meaning"

msgstr "含义"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:470 ../../c-api/memory.rst:725

msgid "``void *ctx``"

msgstr "``void *ctx``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:470 ../../c-api/memory.rst:725

msgid "user context passed as first argument"

msgstr "作为第一个参数传入的用户上下文"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:472

msgid "``void* malloc(void *ctx, size_t size)``"

msgstr "``void* malloc(void *ctx, size_t size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:472

msgid "allocate a memory block"

msgstr "分配一个内存块"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:474

msgid "``void* calloc(void *ctx, size_t nelem, size_t elsize)``"

msgstr "``void* calloc(void *ctx, size_t nelem, size_t elsize)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:474

msgid "allocate a memory block initialized with zeros"

msgstr "分配一个初始化为 0 的内存块"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:477

msgid "``void* realloc(void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t new_size)``"

msgstr "``void* realloc(void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t new_size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:477

msgid "allocate or resize a memory block"

msgstr "分配一个内存块或调整其大小"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:479

msgid "``void free(void *ctx, void *ptr)``"

msgstr "``void free(void *ctx, void *ptr)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:479

msgid "free a memory block"

msgstr "释放一个内存块"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:482

msgid ""

"The :c:type:`!PyMemAllocator` structure was renamed to "

":c:type:`PyMemAllocatorEx` and a new ``calloc`` field was added."

msgstr ""

":c:type:`!PyMemAllocator` 结构被重命名为 :c:type:`PyMemAllocatorEx` 并新增了一个 "

"``calloc`` 字段。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:489

msgid "Enum used to identify an allocator domain. Domains:"

msgstr "用来识别分配器域的枚举类。域有："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:495 ../../c-api/memory.rst:504

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:513

msgid "Functions:"

msgstr "函数"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:497

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:498

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:499

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:500

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawFree`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawFree`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:506

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`,"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`,"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:508

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:518

msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Free`"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Free`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:522

msgid "Get the memory block allocator of the specified domain."

msgstr "获取指定域的内存块分配器。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:527

msgid "Set the memory block allocator of the specified domain."

msgstr "设置指定域的内存块分配器。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:529

msgid ""

"The new allocator must return a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer when "

"requesting zero bytes."

msgstr "当请求零字节时，新的分配器必须返回一个独特的非 ``NULL`` 指针。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:532

msgid ""

"For the :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW` domain, the allocator must be thread-"

"safe: a :term:`thread state` is not :term:`attached <attached thread state>`"

" when the allocator is called."

msgstr ""

"对于 :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW` 域，分配器必须是线程安全的：当分配器被调用时 :term:`thread state` "

"是没有 :term:`附加的 <attached thread state>`。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:536

msgid ""

"For the remaining domains, the allocator must also be thread-safe: the "

"allocator may be called in different interpreters that do not share a "

":term:`GIL`."

msgstr "对于其余的域，分配器也必须是线程安全的：分配器可以在不共享 :term:`GIL` 的不同解释器中被调用。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:540

msgid ""

"If the new allocator is not a hook (does not call the previous allocator), "

"the :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function must be called to reinstall the"

" debug hooks on top on the new allocator."

msgstr ""

"如果新的分配器不是钩子（不调用之前的分配器），必须调用 :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` "

"函数在新分配器上重新安装调试钩子。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:544

msgid ""

"See also :c:member:`PyPreConfig.allocator` and :ref:`Preinitialize Python "

"with PyPreConfig <c-preinit>`."

msgstr ""

"另请参阅 :c:member:`PyPreConfig.allocator` 和 :ref:`Preinitialize Python with "

"PyPreConfig <c-preinit>` 一节。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:549

msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_SetAllocator` does have the following contract:"

msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_SetAllocator` 确实具有以下合约："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:551

msgid ""

"It can be called after :c:func:`Py_PreInitialize` and before "

":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` to install a custom memory allocator. "

"There are no restrictions over the installed allocator other than the ones "

"imposed by the domain (for instance, the Raw Domain allows the allocator to "

"be called without an :term:`attached thread state`). See :ref:`the section "

"on allocator domains <allocator-domains>` for more information."

msgstr ""

"可以在 :c:func:`Py_PreInitialize` 之后和 :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` "

"之前调用它来安装自定义的内存分配器。对于所安装的分配器除了域的规定以外没有任何其他限制（例如 Raw Domain 允许分配器在没有 "

":term:`attached thread state` 的情况下被调用）。请参阅 :ref:`有关分配器域的章节 <allocator-"

"domains>` 来了解详情。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:559

msgid ""

"If called after Python has finish initializing (after "

":c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` has been called) the allocator **must** "

"wrap the existing allocator. Substituting the current allocator for some "

"other arbitrary one is **not supported**."

msgstr ""

"如果在 Python 已完成初始化之后（即 :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` "

"被调用之后）被调用则自定义分配器**必须**包装现有的分配器。将现有分配器替换为任意的其他分配器是 **不受支持的**。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:564

msgid "All allocators must be thread-safe."

msgstr "所有分配器都必须是线程安全的。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:570

msgid ""

"Setup :ref:`debug hooks in the Python memory allocators <pymem-debug-hooks>`"

" to detect memory errors."

msgstr "设置 :ref:`Python 内存分配器的调试钩子 <pymem-debug-hooks>` 以检测内存错误。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:577

msgid "Debug hooks on the Python memory allocators"

msgstr "Python 内存分配器的调试钩子"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:579

msgid ""

"When :ref:`Python is built in debug mode <debug-build>`, the "

":c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function is called at the :ref:`Python "

"preinitialization <c-preinit>` to setup debug hooks on Python memory "

"allocators to detect memory errors."

msgstr ""

"当 :ref:`Python 在调试模式下构建 <debug-build>`，:c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` 函数在 "

":ref:`Python 预初始化 <c-preinit>` 时被调用，以在 Python 内存分配器上设置调试钩子以检测内存错误。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:584

msgid ""

"The :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable can be used to install debug"

" hooks on a Python compiled in release mode (ex: ``PYTHONMALLOC=debug``)."

msgstr ""

":envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` 环境变量可被用于在以发行模式下编译的 Python 上安装调试钩子 (例如: "

"``PYTHONMALLOC=debug``)。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:587

msgid ""

"The :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function can be used to set debug hooks "

"after calling :c:func:`PyMem_SetAllocator`."

msgstr ""

":c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` 函数可被用于在调用了 :c:func:`PyMem_SetAllocator` "

"之后设置调试钩子。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:590

msgid ""

"These debug hooks fill dynamically allocated memory blocks with special, "

"recognizable bit patterns. Newly allocated memory is filled with the byte "

"``0xCD`` (``PYMEM_CLEANBYTE``), freed memory is filled with the byte "

"``0xDD`` (``PYMEM_DEADBYTE``). Memory blocks are surrounded by \"forbidden "

"bytes\" filled with the byte ``0xFD`` (``PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE``). Strings of "

"these bytes are unlikely to be valid addresses, floats, or ASCII strings."

msgstr ""

"这些调试钩子用特殊的、可辨认的位模式填充动态分配的内存块。新分配的内存用字节 ``0xCD`` (``PYMEM_CLEANBYTE``) "

"填充，释放的内存用字节 ``0xDD`` (``PYMEM_DEADBYTE``) 填充。内存块被填充了字节 ``0xFD`` "

"(``PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE``) 的“禁止字节”包围。这些字节串不太可能是合法的地址、浮点数或 ASCII 字符串。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:597