python-docs-pl/howto/ipaddress.po at 3.12 · python/python-docs-pl

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# Copyright (C) 2001-2026, Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
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# Rafael Fontenelle <rffontenelle@gmail.com>, 2025
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.12\n"
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"Last-Translator: Rafael Fontenelle <rffontenelle@gmail.com>, 2025\n"
"Language-Team: Polish (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/pl/)\n"
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msgid "An introduction to the ipaddress module"
msgid "author"
msgstr "autor"
msgid "Peter Moody"
msgid "Nick Coghlan"
msgid "Overview"
msgstr "Skorowidz"
"This document aims to provide a gentle introduction to the :mod:`ipaddress` "
"module. It is aimed primarily at users that aren't already familiar with IP "
"networking terminology, but may also be useful to network engineers wanting "
"an overview of how :mod:`ipaddress` represents IP network addressing "
"concepts."
msgid "Creating Address/Network/Interface objects"
"Since :mod:`ipaddress` is a module for inspecting and manipulating IP "
"addresses, the first thing you'll want to do is create some objects.  You "
"can use :mod:`ipaddress` to create objects from strings and integers."
msgid "A Note on IP Versions"
"For readers that aren't particularly familiar with IP addressing, it's "
"important to know that the Internet Protocol (IP) is currently in the "
"process of moving from version 4 of the protocol to version 6. This "
"transition is occurring largely because version 4 of the protocol doesn't "
"provide enough addresses to handle the needs of the whole world, especially "
"given the increasing number of devices with direct connections to the "
"internet."
"Explaining the details of the differences between the two versions of the "
"protocol is beyond the scope of this introduction, but readers need to at "
"least be aware that these two versions exist, and it will sometimes be "
"necessary to force the use of one version or the other."
msgid "IP Host Addresses"
"Addresses, often referred to as \"host addresses\" are the most basic unit "
"when working with IP addressing. The simplest way to create addresses is to "
"use the :func:`ipaddress.ip_address` factory function, which automatically "
"determines whether to create an IPv4 or IPv6 address based on the passed in "
"Addresses can also be created directly from integers. Values that will fit "
"within 32 bits are assumed to be IPv4 addresses::"
">>> ipaddress.ip_address(3221225985)\n"
"IPv4Address('192.0.2.1')\n"
">>> ipaddress.ip_address(42540766411282592856903984951653826561)\n"
"IPv6Address('2001:db8::1')"
">>> ipaddress.ip_address(3221225985)\n"
"IPv4Address('192.0.2.1')\n"
">>> ipaddress.ip_address(42540766411282592856903984951653826561)\n"
"IPv6Address('2001:db8::1')"
"To force the use of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses, the relevant classes can be "
"invoked directly. This is particularly useful to force creation of IPv6 "
"addresses for small integers::"
">>> ipaddress.ip_address(1)\n"
"IPv4Address('0.0.0.1')\n"
">>> ipaddress.IPv4Address(1)\n"
"IPv4Address('0.0.0.1')\n"
">>> ipaddress.IPv6Address(1)\n"
"IPv6Address('::1')"
">>> ipaddress.ip_address(1)\n"
"IPv4Address('0.0.0.1')\n"
">>> ipaddress.IPv4Address(1)\n"
"IPv4Address('0.0.0.1')\n"
">>> ipaddress.IPv6Address(1)\n"
"IPv6Address('::1')"
msgid "Defining Networks"
"Host addresses are usually grouped together into IP networks, so :mod:"
"`ipaddress` provides a way to create, inspect and manipulate network "
"definitions. IP network objects are constructed from strings that define the "
"range of host addresses that are part of that network. The simplest form for "
"that information is a \"network address/network prefix\" pair, where the "
"prefix defines the number of leading bits that are compared to determine "
"whether or not an address is part of the network and the network address "
"defines the expected value of those bits."
"As for addresses, a factory function is provided that determines the correct "
"IP version automatically::"
">>> ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.0/24')\n"
"IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')\n"
">>> ipaddress.ip_network('2001:db8::0/96')\n"
"IPv6Network('2001:db8::/96')"
">>> ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.0/24')\n"
"IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')\n"
">>> ipaddress.ip_network('2001:db8::0/96')\n"
"IPv6Network('2001:db8::/96')"
"Network objects cannot have any host bits set.  The practical effect of this "
"is that ``192.0.2.1/24`` does not describe a network.  Such definitions are "
"referred to as interface objects since the ip-on-a-network notation is "
"commonly used to describe network interfaces of a computer on a given "
"network and are described further in the next section."
"By default, attempting to create a network object with host bits set will "
"result in :exc:`ValueError` being raised. To request that the additional "
"bits instead be coerced to zero, the flag ``strict=False`` can be passed to "
"the constructor::"
">>> ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.1/24')\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"ValueError: 192.0.2.1/24 has host bits set\n"
">>> ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.1/24', strict=False)\n"
"IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')"
"While the string form offers significantly more flexibility, networks can "
"also be defined with integers, just like host addresses. In this case, the "
"network is considered to contain only the single address identified by the "
"integer, so the network prefix includes the entire network address::"
">>> ipaddress.ip_network(3221225984)\n"
"IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/32')\n"
">>> ipaddress.ip_network(42540766411282592856903984951653826560)\n"
"IPv6Network('2001:db8::/128')"
">>> ipaddress.ip_network(3221225984)\n"
"IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/32')\n"
">>> ipaddress.ip_network(42540766411282592856903984951653826560)\n"
"IPv6Network('2001:db8::/128')"
"As with addresses, creation of a particular kind of network can be forced by "
"calling the class constructor directly instead of using the factory function."
msgid "Host Interfaces"
"As mentioned just above, if you need to describe an address on a particular "
"network, neither the address nor the network classes are sufficient. "
"Notation like ``192.0.2.1/24`` is commonly used by network engineers and the "
"people who write tools for firewalls and routers as shorthand for \"the host "
"``192.0.2.1`` on the network ``192.0.2.0/24``\", Accordingly, :mod:"
"`ipaddress` provides a set of hybrid classes that associate an address with "
"a particular network. The interface for creation is identical to that for "
"defining network objects, except that the address portion isn't constrained "
"to being a network address."
"Integer inputs are accepted (as with networks), and use of a particular IP "
"version can be forced by calling the relevant constructor directly."
msgid "Inspecting Address/Network/Interface Objects"
"You've gone to the trouble of creating an IPv(4|6)(Address|Network|"
"Interface) object, so you probably want to get information about it.  :mod:"
"`ipaddress` tries to make doing this easy and intuitive."
msgid "Extracting the IP version::"
">>> addr4 = ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.1')\n"
">>> addr6 = ipaddress.ip_address('2001:db8::1')\n"
">>> addr6.version\n"
">>> addr4.version\n"
msgid "Obtaining the network from an interface::"
">>> host4 = ipaddress.ip_interface('192.0.2.1/24')\n"
">>> host4.network\n"
"IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/24')\n"
">>> host6 = ipaddress.ip_interface('2001:db8::1/96')\n"
">>> host6.network\n"
"IPv6Network('2001:db8::/96')"
msgid "Finding out how many individual addresses are in a network::"
">>> net4 = ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.0/24')\n"
">>> net4.num_addresses\n"
">>> net6 = ipaddress.ip_network('2001:db8::0/96')\n"
">>> net6.num_addresses\n"
msgid "Iterating through the \"usable\" addresses on a network::"
">>> net4 = ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.0/24')\n"
">>> for x in net4.hosts():\n"
"...     print(x)\n"
"192.0.2.1\n"
"192.0.2.2\n"
"192.0.2.3\n"
"192.0.2.4\n"
"192.0.2.252\n"
"192.0.2.253\n"
"192.0.2.254"
"Obtaining the netmask (i.e. set bits corresponding to the network prefix) or "
"the hostmask (any bits that are not part of the netmask):"
msgid "Exploding or compressing the address::"
">>> addr6.exploded\n"
"'2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001'\n"
">>> addr6.compressed\n"
"'2001:db8::1'\n"
">>> net6.exploded\n"
"'2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/96'\n"
">>> net6.compressed\n"
"'2001:db8::/96'"
">>> addr6.exploded\n"
"'2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001'\n"
">>> addr6.compressed\n"
"'2001:db8::1'\n"
">>> net6.exploded\n"
"'2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/96'\n"
">>> net6.compressed\n"
"'2001:db8::/96'"
"While IPv4 doesn't support explosion or compression, the associated objects "
"still provide the relevant properties so that version neutral code can "
"easily ensure the most concise or most verbose form is used for IPv6 "
"addresses while still correctly handling IPv4 addresses."
msgid "Networks as lists of Addresses"
"It's sometimes useful to treat networks as lists.  This means it is possible "
"to index them like this::"
">>> net4[1]\n"
"IPv4Address('192.0.2.1')\n"
">>> net4[-1]\n"
"IPv4Address('192.0.2.255')\n"
">>> net6[1]\n"
"IPv6Address('2001:db8::1')\n"
">>> net6[-1]\n"
"IPv6Address('2001:db8::ffff:ffff')"
">>> net4[1]\n"
"IPv4Address('192.0.2.1')\n"
">>> net4[-1]\n"
"IPv4Address('192.0.2.255')\n"
">>> net6[1]\n"
"IPv6Address('2001:db8::1')\n"
">>> net6[-1]\n"
"IPv6Address('2001:db8::ffff:ffff')"
"It also means that network objects lend themselves to using the list "
"membership test syntax like this::"
"if address in network:\n"
"    # do something"
msgid "Containment testing is done efficiently based on the network prefix::"
">>> addr4 = ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.1')\n"
">>> addr4 in ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.2.0/24')\n"
">>> addr4 in ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.3.0/24')\n"
msgid "Comparisons"
":mod:`ipaddress` provides some simple, hopefully intuitive ways to compare "
"objects, where it makes sense::"
">>> ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.1') < ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.2')\n"
">>> ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.1') < ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.2')\n"
"A :exc:`TypeError` exception is raised if you try to compare objects of "
"different versions or different types."
msgid "Using IP Addresses with other modules"
"Other modules that use IP addresses (such as :mod:`socket`) usually won't "
"accept objects from this module directly. Instead, they must be coerced to "
"an integer or string that the other module will accept::"
">>> addr4 = ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.1')\n"
">>> str(addr4)\n"
"'192.0.2.1'\n"
">>> int(addr4)\n"
">>> addr4 = ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.2.1')\n"
">>> str(addr4)\n"
"'192.0.2.1'\n"
">>> int(addr4)\n"
msgid "Getting more detail when instance creation fails"
"When creating address/network/interface objects using the version-agnostic "
"factory functions, any errors will be reported as :exc:`ValueError` with a "
"generic error message that simply says the passed in value was not "
"recognized as an object of that type. The lack of a specific error is "
"because it's necessary to know whether the value is *supposed* to be IPv4 or "
"IPv6 in order to provide more detail on why it has been rejected."
"To support use cases where it is useful to have access to this additional "
"detail, the individual class constructors actually raise the :exc:"
"`ValueError` subclasses :exc:`ipaddress.AddressValueError` and :exc:"
"`ipaddress.NetmaskValueError` to indicate exactly which part of the "
"definition failed to parse correctly."
"The error messages are significantly more detailed when using the class "
"constructors directly. For example::"
">>> ipaddress.ip_address(\"192.168.0.256\")\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"ValueError: '192.168.0.256' does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 address\n"
">>> ipaddress.IPv4Address(\"192.168.0.256\")\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"ipaddress.AddressValueError: Octet 256 (> 255) not permitted in "
"'192.168.0.256'\n"
">>> ipaddress.ip_network(\"192.168.0.1/64\")\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"ValueError: '192.168.0.1/64' does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 network\n"
">>> ipaddress.IPv4Network(\"192.168.0.1/64\")\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
"ipaddress.NetmaskValueError: '64' is not a valid netmask"
"However, both of the module specific exceptions have :exc:`ValueError` as "
"their parent class, so if you're not concerned with the particular type of "
"error, you can still write code like the following::"
"    network = ipaddress.IPv4Network(address)\n"
"except ValueError:\n"
"    print('address/netmask is invalid for IPv4:', address)"
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