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# Copyright (C) 2001-2026, Python Software Foundation
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"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n"
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msgid ":mod:`csv` --- CSV File Reading and Writing"
msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/csv.py`"
msgstr "**Kod źródłowy:** :source:`Lib/csv.py`"
"The so-called CSV (Comma Separated Values) format is the most common import "
"and export format for spreadsheets and databases.  CSV format was used for "
"many years prior to attempts to describe the format in a standardized way "
"in :rfc:`4180`.  The lack of a well-defined standard means that subtle "
"differences often exist in the data produced and consumed by different "
"applications.  These differences can make it annoying to process CSV files "
"from multiple sources. Still, while the delimiters and quoting characters "
"vary, the overall format is similar enough that it is possible to write a "
"single module which can efficiently manipulate such data, hiding the details "
"of reading and writing the data from the programmer."
"The :mod:`csv` module implements classes to read and write tabular data in "
"CSV format.  It allows programmers to say, \"write this data in the format "
"preferred by Excel,\" or \"read data from this file which was generated by "
"Excel,\" without knowing the precise details of the CSV format used by "
"Excel.  Programmers can also describe the CSV formats understood by other "
"applications or define their own special-purpose CSV formats."
"The :mod:`csv` module's :class:`reader` and :class:`writer` objects read and "
"write sequences.  Programmers can also read and write data in dictionary "
"form using the :class:`DictReader` and :class:`DictWriter` classes."
msgid ":pep:`305` - CSV File API"
msgid "The Python Enhancement Proposal which proposed this addition to Python."
msgid "Module Contents"
msgid "The :mod:`csv` module defines the following functions:"
"Return a reader object which will iterate over lines in the given *csvfile*. "
"*csvfile* can be any object which supports the :term:`iterator` protocol and "
"returns a string each time its :meth:`!__next__` method is called --- :term:"
"`file objects <file object>` and list objects are both suitable.   If "
"*csvfile* is a file object, it should be opened with ``newline=''``. [1]_  "
"An optional *dialect* parameter can be given which is used to define a set "
"of parameters specific to a particular CSV dialect.  It may be an instance "
"of a subclass of the :class:`Dialect` class or one of the strings returned "
"by the :func:`list_dialects` function.  The other optional *fmtparams* "
"keyword arguments can be given to override individual formatting parameters "
"in the current dialect.  For full details about the dialect and formatting "
"parameters, see section :ref:`csv-fmt-params`."
"Each row read from the csv file is returned as a list of strings.  No "
"automatic data type conversion is performed unless the ``QUOTE_NONNUMERIC`` "
"format option is specified (in which case unquoted fields are transformed "
"into floats)."
msgid "A short usage example::"
"Return a writer object responsible for converting the user's data into "
"delimited strings on the given file-like object.  *csvfile* can be any "
"object with a :func:`write` method.  If *csvfile* is a file object, it "
"should be opened with ``newline=''`` [1]_.  An optional *dialect* parameter "
"can be given which is used to define a set of parameters specific to a "
"particular CSV dialect.  It may be an instance of a subclass of the :class:"
"`Dialect` class or one of the strings returned by the :func:`list_dialects` "
"function.  The other optional *fmtparams* keyword arguments can be given to "
"override individual formatting parameters in the current dialect.  For full "
"details about dialects and formatting parameters, see the :ref:`csv-fmt-"
"params` section. To make it as easy as possible to interface with modules "
"which implement the DB API, the value :const:`None` is written as the empty "
"string.  While this isn't a reversible transformation, it makes it easier to "
"dump SQL NULL data values to CSV files without preprocessing the data "
"returned from a ``cursor.fetch*`` call. All other non-string data are "
"stringified with :func:`str` before being written."
"Associate *dialect* with *name*.  *name* must be a string. The dialect can "
"be specified either by passing a sub-class of :class:`Dialect`, or by "
"*fmtparams* keyword arguments, or both, with keyword arguments overriding "
"parameters of the dialect. For full details about dialects and formatting "
"parameters, see section :ref:`csv-fmt-params`."
"Delete the dialect associated with *name* from the dialect registry.  An :"
"exc:`Error` is raised if *name* is not a registered dialect name."
"Return the dialect associated with *name*.  An :exc:`Error` is raised if "
"*name* is not a registered dialect name.  This function returns an "
"immutable :class:`Dialect`."
msgid "Return the names of all registered dialects."
"Returns the current maximum field size allowed by the parser. If *new_limit* "
"is given, this becomes the new limit."
msgid "The :mod:`csv` module defines the following classes:"
"Create an object that operates like a regular reader but maps the "
"information in each row to a :class:`dict` whose keys are given by the "
"optional *fieldnames* parameter."
"The *fieldnames* parameter is a :term:`sequence`.  If *fieldnames* is "
"omitted, the values in the first row of file *f* will be used as the "
"fieldnames.  Regardless of how the fieldnames are determined, the dictionary "
"preserves their original ordering."
"If a row has more fields than fieldnames, the remaining data is put in a "
"list and stored with the fieldname specified by *restkey* (which defaults to "
"``None``).  If a non-blank row has fewer fields than fieldnames, the missing "
"values are filled-in with the value of *restval* (which defaults to "
"``None``)."
"All other optional or keyword arguments are passed to the underlying :class:"
"`reader` instance."
msgid "Returned rows are now of type :class:`OrderedDict`."
msgid "Returned rows are now of type :class:`dict`."
"Create an object which operates like a regular writer but maps dictionaries "
"onto output rows.  The *fieldnames* parameter is a :mod:`sequence "
"<collections.abc>` of keys that identify the order in which values in the "
"dictionary passed to the :meth:`writerow` method are written to file *f*.  "
"The optional *restval* parameter specifies the value to be written if the "
"dictionary is missing a key in *fieldnames*.  If the dictionary passed to "
"the :meth:`writerow` method contains a key not found in *fieldnames*, the "
"optional *extrasaction* parameter indicates what action to take. If it is "
"set to ``'raise'``, the default value, a :exc:`ValueError` is raised. If it "
"is set to ``'ignore'``, extra values in the dictionary are ignored. Any "
"other optional or keyword arguments are passed to the underlying :class:"
"`writer` instance."
"Note that unlike the :class:`DictReader` class, the *fieldnames* parameter "
"of the :class:`DictWriter` class is not optional."
"The :class:`Dialect` class is a container class whose attributes contain "
"information for how to handle doublequotes, whitespace, delimiters, etc. Due "
"to the lack of a strict CSV specification, different applications produce "
"subtly different CSV data.  :class:`Dialect` instances define how :class:"
"`reader` and :class:`writer` instances behave."
"All available :class:`Dialect` names are returned by :func:`list_dialects`, "
"and they can be registered with specific :class:`reader` and :class:`writer` "
"classes through their initializer (``__init__``) functions like this::"
"The :class:`excel` class defines the usual properties of an Excel-generated "
"CSV file.  It is registered with the dialect name ``'excel'``."
"The :class:`excel_tab` class defines the usual properties of an Excel-"
"generated TAB-delimited file.  It is registered with the dialect name "
"``'excel-tab'``."
"The :class:`unix_dialect` class defines the usual properties of a CSV file "
"generated on UNIX systems, i.e. using ``'\\n'`` as line terminator and "
"quoting all fields.  It is registered with the dialect name ``'unix'``."
msgid "The :class:`Sniffer` class is used to deduce the format of a CSV file."
msgid "The :class:`Sniffer` class provides two methods:"
"Analyze the given *sample* and return a :class:`Dialect` subclass reflecting "
"the parameters found.  If the optional *delimiters* parameter is given, it "
"is interpreted as a string containing possible valid delimiter characters."
"Analyze the sample text (presumed to be in CSV format) and return :const:"
"`True` if the first row appears to be a series of column headers. Inspecting "
"each column, one of two key criteria will be considered to estimate if the "
"sample contains a header:"
msgid "the second through n-th rows contain numeric values"
"the second through n-th rows contain strings where at least one value's "
"length differs from that of the putative header of that column."
"Twenty rows after the first row are sampled; if more than half of columns + "
"rows meet the criteria, :const:`True` is returned."
"This method is a rough heuristic and may produce both false positives and "
"negatives."
msgid "An example for :class:`Sniffer` use::"
msgid "The :mod:`csv` module defines the following constants:"
msgid "Instructs :class:`writer` objects to quote all fields."
"Instructs :class:`writer` objects to only quote those fields which contain "
"special characters such as *delimiter*, *quotechar* or any of the characters "
"in *lineterminator*."
msgid "Instructs :class:`writer` objects to quote all non-numeric fields."
msgid "Instructs the reader to convert all non-quoted fields to type *float*."
"Instructs :class:`writer` objects to never quote fields.  When the current "
"*delimiter* occurs in output data it is preceded by the current *escapechar* "
"character.  If *escapechar* is not set, the writer will raise :exc:`Error` "
"if any characters that require escaping are encountered."
"Instructs :class:`reader` to perform no special processing of quote "
"characters."
msgid "The :mod:`csv` module defines the following exception:"
msgid "Raised by any of the functions when an error is detected."
msgid "Dialects and Formatting Parameters"
"To make it easier to specify the format of input and output records, "
"specific formatting parameters are grouped together into dialects.  A "
"dialect is a subclass of the :class:`Dialect` class having a set of specific "
"methods and a single :meth:`validate` method.  When creating :class:`reader` "
"or :class:`writer` objects, the programmer can specify a string or a "
"subclass of the :class:`Dialect` class as the dialect parameter.  In "
"addition to, or instead of, the *dialect* parameter, the programmer can also "
"specify individual formatting parameters, which have the same names as the "
"attributes defined below for the :class:`Dialect` class."
msgid "Dialects support the following attributes:"
"A one-character string used to separate fields.  It defaults to ``','``."
"Controls how instances of *quotechar* appearing inside a field should "
"themselves be quoted.  When :const:`True`, the character is doubled. When :"
"const:`False`, the *escapechar* is used as a prefix to the *quotechar*.  It "
"defaults to :const:`True`."
"On output, if *doublequote* is :const:`False` and no *escapechar* is set, :"
"exc:`Error` is raised if a *quotechar* is found in a field."
"A one-character string used by the writer to escape the *delimiter* if "
"*quoting* is set to :const:`QUOTE_NONE` and the *quotechar* if *doublequote* "
"is :const:`False`. On reading, the *escapechar* removes any special meaning "
"from the following character. It defaults to :const:`None`, which disables "
"escaping."
"The string used to terminate lines produced by the :class:`writer`. It "
"defaults to ``'\\r\\n'``."
"The :class:`reader` is hard-coded to recognise either ``'\\r'`` or ``'\\n'`` "
"as end-of-line, and ignores *lineterminator*. This behavior may change in "
"the future."
"A one-character string used to quote fields containing special characters, "
"such as the *delimiter* or *quotechar*, or which contain new-line "
"characters.  It defaults to ``'\"'``."
"Controls when quotes should be generated by the writer and recognised by the "
"reader.  It can take on any of the :const:`QUOTE_\\*` constants (see "
"section :ref:`csv-contents`) and defaults to :const:`QUOTE_MINIMAL`."
"When :const:`True`, spaces immediately following the *delimiter* are "
"ignored. The default is :const:`False`."
"When ``True``, raise exception :exc:`Error` on bad CSV input. The default is "
"``False``."
msgid "Reader Objects"
"Reader objects (:class:`DictReader` instances and objects returned by the :"
"func:`reader` function) have the following public methods:"
"Return the next row of the reader's iterable object as a list (if the object "
"was returned from :func:`reader`) or a dict (if it is a :class:`DictReader` "
"instance), parsed according to the current :class:`Dialect`.  Usually you "
"should call this as ``next(reader)``."
msgid "Reader objects have the following public attributes:"
msgid "A read-only description of the dialect in use by the parser."
"The number of lines read from the source iterator. This is not the same as "
"the number of records returned, as records can span multiple lines."
msgid "DictReader objects have the following public attribute:"
"If not passed as a parameter when creating the object, this attribute is "
"initialized upon first access or when the first record is read from the file."
msgid "Writer Objects"
":class:`Writer` objects (:class:`DictWriter` instances and objects returned "
"by the :func:`writer` function) have the following public methods.  A *row* "
"must be an iterable of strings or numbers for :class:`Writer` objects and a "
"dictionary mapping fieldnames to strings or numbers (by passing them "
"through :func:`str` first) for :class:`DictWriter` objects.  Note that "
"complex numbers are written out surrounded by parens. This may cause some "
"problems for other programs which read CSV files (assuming they support "
"complex numbers at all)."
"Write the *row* parameter to the writer's file object, formatted according "
"to the current :class:`Dialect`. Return the return value of the call to the "
"*write* method of the underlying file object."
msgid "Added support of arbitrary iterables."
"Write all elements in *rows* (an iterable of *row* objects as described "
"above) to the writer's file object, formatted according to the current "
msgid "Writer objects have the following public attribute:"
msgid "A read-only description of the dialect in use by the writer."
msgid "DictWriter objects have the following public method:"
"Write a row with the field names (as specified in the constructor) to the "
"writer's file object, formatted according to the current dialect. Return the "
"return value of the :meth:`csvwriter.writerow` call used internally."
":meth:`writeheader` now also returns the value returned by the :meth:"
"`csvwriter.writerow` method it uses internally."
msgid "Examples"
msgstr "Przykłady"
msgid "The simplest example of reading a CSV file::"
msgid "Reading a file with an alternate format::"
msgid "The corresponding simplest possible writing example is::"
"Since :func:`open` is used to open a CSV file for reading, the file will by "
"default be decoded into unicode using the system default encoding (see :func:"
"`locale.getpreferredencoding`).  To decode a file using a different "
"encoding, use the ``encoding`` argument of open::"
"The same applies to writing in something other than the system default "
"encoding: specify the encoding argument when opening the output file."
msgid "Registering a new dialect::"
"A slightly more advanced use of the reader --- catching and reporting "
"And while the module doesn't directly support parsing strings, it can easily "
"be done::"
msgid "Footnotes"
msgstr "Przypisy"
"If ``newline=''`` is not specified, newlines embedded inside quoted fields "
"will not be interpreted correctly, and on platforms that use ``\\r\\n`` "
"linendings on write an extra ``\\r`` will be added.  It should always be "
"safe to specify ``newline=''``, since the csv module does its own (:term:"
"`universal <universal newlines>`) newline handling."
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