python-docs-pl/library/__main__.po at 3.10 · python/python-docs-pl

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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) 2001-2026, Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
# Translators:
# python-doc bot, 2025
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.10\n"
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"PO-Revision-Date: 2025-09-22 15:57+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: python-doc bot, 2025\n"
"Language-Team: Polish (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/pl/)\n"
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msgid ":mod:`__main__` --- Top-level code environment"
"In Python, the special name ``__main__`` is used for two important "
"constructs:"
"the name of the top-level environment of the program, which can be checked "
"using the ``__name__ == '__main__'`` expression; and"
msgid "the ``__main__.py`` file in Python packages."
"Both of these mechanisms are related to Python modules; how users interact "
"with them and how they interact with each other.  They are explained in "
"detail below.  If you're new to Python modules, see the tutorial section :"
"ref:`tut-modules` for an introduction."
msgid "``__name__ == '__main__'``"
msgstr "``__name__ == '__main__'``"
"When a Python module or package is imported, ``__name__`` is set to the "
"module's name.  Usually, this is the name of the Python file itself without "
"the ``.py`` extension::"
"If the file is part of a package, ``__name__`` will also include the parent "
"package's path::"
"However, if the module is executed in the top-level code environment, its "
"``__name__`` is set to the string ``'__main__'``."
msgid "What is the \"top-level code environment\"?"
"``__main__`` is the name of the environment where top-level code is run. "
"\"Top-level code\" is the first user-specified Python module that starts "
"running. It's \"top-level\" because it imports all other modules that the "
"program needs. Sometimes \"top-level code\" is called an *entry point* to "
"the application."
msgid "The top-level code environment can be:"
msgid "the scope of an interactive prompt::"
msgid "the Python module passed to the Python interpreter as a file argument:"
"the Python module or package passed to the Python interpreter with the :"
"option:`-m` argument:"
msgid "Python code read by the Python interpreter from standard input:"
"Python code passed to the Python interpreter with the :option:`-c` argument:"
"In each of these situations, the top-level module's ``__name__`` is set to "
"``'__main__'``."
"As a result, a module can discover whether or not it is running in the top-"
"level environment by checking its own ``__name__``, which allows a common "
"idiom for conditionally executing code when the module is not initialized "
"from an import statement::"
"For a more detailed look at how ``__name__`` is set in all situations, see "
"the tutorial section :ref:`tut-modules`."
msgid "Idiomatic Usage"
"Some modules contain code that is intended for script use only, like parsing "
"command-line arguments or fetching data from standard input.  If a module "
"like this was imported from a different module, for example to unit test it, "
"the script code would unintentionally execute as well."
"This is where using the ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` code block comes in "
"handy. Code within this block won't run unless the module is executed in the "
"top-level environment."
"Putting as few statements as possible in the block below ``if __name___ == "
"'__main__'`` can improve code clarity and correctness. Most often, a "
"function named ``main`` encapsulates the program's primary behavior::"
"Note that if the module didn't encapsulate code inside the ``main`` function "
"but instead put it directly within the ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` block, "
"the ``phrase`` variable would be global to the entire module.  This is error-"
"prone as other functions within the module could be unintentionally using "
"the global variable instead of a local name.  A ``main`` function solves "
"this problem."
"Using a ``main`` function has the added benefit of the ``echo`` function "
"itself being isolated and importable elsewhere. When ``echo.py`` is "
"imported, the ``echo`` and ``main`` functions will be defined, but neither "
"of them will be called, because ``__name__ != '__main__'``."
msgid "Packaging Considerations"
"``main`` functions are often used to create command-line tools by specifying "
"them as entry points for console scripts.  When this is done, `pip <https://"
"pip.pypa.io/>`_ inserts the function call into a template script, where the "
"return value of ``main`` is passed into :func:`sys.exit`. For example::"
"Since the call to ``main`` is wrapped in :func:`sys.exit`, the expectation "
"is that your function will return some value acceptable as an input to :func:"
"`sys.exit`; typically, an integer or ``None`` (which is implicitly returned "
"if your function does not have a return statement)."
"By proactively following this convention ourselves, our module will have the "
"same behavior when run directly (i.e. ``python3 echo.py``) as it will have "
"if we later package it as a console script entry-point in a pip-installable "
"In particular, be careful about returning strings from your ``main`` "
"function. :func:`sys.exit` will interpret a string argument as a failure "
"message, so your program will have an exit code of ``1``, indicating "
"failure, and the string will be written to :data:`sys.stderr`.  The ``echo."
"py`` example from earlier exemplifies using the ``sys.exit(main())`` "
"convention."
"`Python Packaging User Guide <https://packaging.python.org/>`_ contains a "
"collection of tutorials and references on how to distribute and install "
"Python packages with modern tools."
msgid "``__main__.py`` in Python Packages"
"If you are not familiar with Python packages, see section :ref:`tut-"
"packages` of the tutorial.  Most commonly, the ``__main__.py`` file is used "
"to provide a command-line interface for a package. Consider the following "
"hypothetical package, \"bandclass\":"
"``__main__.py`` will be executed when the package itself is invoked directly "
"from the command line using the :option:`-m` flag. For example:"
"This command will cause ``__main__.py`` to run. How you utilize this "
"mechanism will depend on the nature of the package you are writing, but in "
"this hypothetical case, it might make sense to allow the teacher to search "
"for students::"
"Note that ``from .student import search_students`` is an example of a "
"relative import.  This import style can be used when referencing modules "
"within a package.  For more details, see :ref:`intra-package-references` in "
"the :ref:`tut-modules` section of the tutorial."
"The contents of ``__main__.py`` typically isn't fenced with ``if __name__ == "
"'__main__'`` blocks.  Instead, those files are kept short, functions to "
"execute from other modules.  Those other modules can then be easily unit-"
"tested and are properly reusable."
"If used, an ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` block will still work as expected "
"for a ``__main__.py`` file within a package, because its ``__name__`` "
"attribute will include the package's path if imported::"
"This won't work for ``__main__.py`` files in the root directory of a .zip "
"file though.  Hence, for consistency, minimal ``__main__.py`` like the :mod:"
"`venv` one mentioned below are preferred."
"See :mod:`venv` for an example of a package with a minimal ``__main__.py`` "
"in the standard library. It doesn't contain a ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` "
"block. You can invoke it with ``python -m venv [directory]``."
"See :mod:`runpy` for more details on the :option:`-m` flag to the "
"interpreter executable."
"See :mod:`zipapp` for how to run applications packaged as *.zip* files. In "
"this case Python looks for a ``__main__.py`` file in the root directory of "
"the archive."
msgid "``import __main__``"
msgstr "``import __main__``"
"Regardless of which module a Python program was started with, other modules "
"running within that same program can import the top-level environment's "
"scope (:term:`namespace`) by importing the ``__main__`` module.  This "
"doesn't import a ``__main__.py`` file but rather whichever module that "
"received the special name ``'__main__'``."
msgid "Here is an example module that consumes the ``__main__`` namespace::"
msgid "Example usage of this module could be as follows::"
msgid "Now, if we started our program, the result would look like this:"
"The exit code of the program would be 1, indicating an error. Uncommenting "
"the line with ``my_name = \"Dinsdale\"`` fixes the program and now it exits "
"with status code 0, indicating success:"
"Note that importing ``__main__`` doesn't cause any issues with "
"unintentionally running top-level code meant for script use which is put in "
"the ``if __name__ == \"__main__\"`` block of the ``start`` module. Why does "
"this work?"
"Python inserts an empty ``__main__`` module in :attr:`sys.modules` at "
"interpreter startup, and populates it by running top-level code. In our "
"example this is the ``start`` module which runs line by line and imports "
"``namely``. In turn, ``namely`` imports ``__main__`` (which is really "
"``start``). That's an import cycle! Fortunately, since the partially "
"populated ``__main__`` module is present in :attr:`sys.modules`, Python "
"passes that to ``namely``. See :ref:`Special considerations for __main__ "
"<import-dunder-main>` in the import system's reference for details on how "
"this works."
"The Python REPL is another example of a \"top-level environment\", so "
"anything defined in the REPL becomes part of the ``__main__`` scope::"
"Note that in this case the ``__main__`` scope doesn't contain a ``__file__`` "
"attribute as it's interactive."
"The ``__main__`` scope is used in the implementation of :mod:`pdb` and :mod:"
"`rlcompleter`."
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