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#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:3

msgid "What's New in Python 2.7"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst

msgid "Author"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:5

msgid "A.M. Kuchling (amk at amk.ca)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:52

msgid ""

"This article explains the new features in Python 2.7. Python 2.7 was "

"released on July 3, 2010."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:55

msgid ""

"Numeric handling has been improved in many ways, for both floating-point "

"numbers and for the :class:`~decimal.Decimal` class. There are some "

"useful additions to the standard library, such as a greatly enhanced "

":mod:`unittest` module, the :mod:`argparse` module for parsing command-"

"line options, convenient :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` and "

":class:`~collections.Counter` classes in the :mod:`collections` module, "

"and many other improvements."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:63

msgid ""

"Python 2.7 is planned to be the last of the 2.x releases, so we worked on"

" making it a good release for the long term. To help with porting to "

"Python 3, several new features from the Python 3.x series have been "

"included in 2.7."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:68

msgid ""

"This article doesn't attempt to provide a complete specification of the "

"new features, but instead provides a convenient overview. For full "

"details, you should refer to the documentation for Python 2.7 at "

"https://docs.python.org. If you want to understand the rationale for the "

"design and implementation, refer to the PEP for a particular new feature "

"or the issue on https://bugs.python.org in which a change was discussed."

" Whenever possible, \"What's New in Python\" links to the bug/patch item"

" for each change."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:80

msgid "The Future for Python 2.x"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:82

msgid ""

"Python 2.7 is the last major release in the 2.x series, as the Python "

"maintainers have shifted the focus of their new feature development "

"efforts to the Python 3.x series. This means that while Python 2 "

"continues to receive bug fixes, and to be updated to build correctly on "

"new hardware and versions of supported operated systems, there will be no"

" new full feature releases for the language or standard library."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:89

msgid ""

"However, while there is a large common subset between Python 2.7 and "

"Python 3, and many of the changes involved in migrating to that common "

"subset, or directly to Python 3, can be safely automated, some other "

"changes (notably those associated with Unicode handling) may require "

"careful consideration, and preferably robust automated regression test "

"suites, to migrate effectively."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:96

msgid ""

"This means that Python 2.7 will remain in place for a long time, "

"providing a stable and supported base platform for production systems "

"that have not yet been ported to Python 3. The full expected lifecycle of"

" the Python 2.7 series is detailed in :pep:`373`."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:101

msgid "Some key consequences of the long-term significance of 2.7 are:"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:103

msgid ""

"As noted above, the 2.7 release has a much longer period of maintenance "

"when compared to earlier 2.x versions. Python 2.7 is currently expected "

"to remain supported by the core development team (receiving security "

"updates and other bug fixes) until at least 2020 (10 years after its "

"initial release, compared to the more typical support period of 18--24 "

"months)."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:109

msgid ""

"As the Python 2.7 standard library ages, making effective use of the "

"Python Package Index (either directly or via a redistributor) becomes "

"more important for Python 2 users. In addition to a wide variety of third"

" party packages for various tasks, the available packages include "

"backports of new modules and features from the Python 3 standard library "

"that are compatible with Python 2, as well as various tools and libraries"

" that can make it easier to migrate to Python 3. The `Python Packaging "

"User Guide <https://packaging.python.org>`__ provides guidance on "

"downloading and installing software from the Python Package Index."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:119

msgid ""

"While the preferred approach to enhancing Python 2 is now the publication"

" of new packages on the Python Package Index, this approach doesn't "

"necessarily work in all cases, especially those related to network "

"security. In exceptional cases that cannot be handled adequately by "

"publishing new or updated packages on PyPI, the Python Enhancement "

"Proposal process may be used to make the case for adding new features "

"directly to the Python 2 standard library. Any such additions, and the "

"maintenance releases where they were added, will be noted in the "

":ref:`py27-maintenance-enhancements` section below."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:129

msgid ""

"For projects wishing to migrate from Python 2 to Python 3, or for library"

" and framework developers wishing to support users on both Python 2 and "

"Python 3, there are a variety of tools and guides available to help "

"decide on a suitable approach and manage some of the technical details "

"involved. The recommended starting point is the :ref:`pyporting-howto` "

"HOWTO guide."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:137

msgid "Changes to the Handling of Deprecation Warnings"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:139

msgid ""

"For Python 2.7, a policy decision was made to silence warnings only of "

"interest to developers by default. :exc:`DeprecationWarning` and its "

"descendants are now ignored unless otherwise requested, preventing users "

"from seeing warnings triggered by an application. This change was also "

"made in the branch that became Python 3.2. (Discussed on stdlib-sig and "

"carried out in :issue:`7319`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:146

msgid ""

"In previous releases, :exc:`DeprecationWarning` messages were enabled by "

"default, providing Python developers with a clear indication of where "

"their code may break in a future major version of Python."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:151

msgid ""

"However, there are increasingly many users of Python-based applications "

"who are not directly involved in the development of those applications. "

":exc:`DeprecationWarning` messages are irrelevant to such users, making "

"them worry about an application that's actually working correctly and "

"burdening application developers with responding to these concerns."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:158

msgid ""

"You can re-enable display of :exc:`DeprecationWarning` messages by "

"running Python with the :option:`-Wdefault <-W>` (short form: "

":option:`-Wd <-W>`) switch, or by setting the :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` "

"environment variable to ``\"default\"`` (or ``\"d\"``) before running "

"Python. Python code can also re-enable them by calling "

"``warnings.simplefilter('default')``."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:165

msgid ""

"The ``unittest`` module also automatically reenables deprecation warnings"

" when running tests."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:170

msgid "Python 3.1 Features"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:172

msgid ""

"Much as Python 2.6 incorporated features from Python 3.0, version 2.7 "

"incorporates some of the new features in Python 3.1. The 2.x series "

"continues to provide tools for migrating to the 3.x series."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:177

msgid "A partial list of 3.1 features that were backported to 2.7:"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:179

msgid "The syntax for set literals (``{1,2,3}`` is a mutable set)."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:180

msgid "Dictionary and set comprehensions (``{i: i*2 for i in range(3)}``)."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:181

msgid "Multiple context managers in a single :keyword:`with` statement."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:182

msgid "A new version of the :mod:`io` library, rewritten in C for performance."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:183

msgid "The ordered-dictionary type described in :ref:`pep-0372`."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:184

msgid "The new ``\",\"`` format specifier described in :ref:`pep-0378`."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:185

msgid "The :class:`memoryview` object."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:186

msgid ""

"A small subset of the :mod:`importlib` module, `described below "

"<#importlib-section>`__."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:188

msgid ""

"The :func:`repr` of a float ``x`` is shorter in many cases: it's now "

"based on the shortest decimal string that's guaranteed to round back to "

"``x``. As in previous versions of Python, it's guaranteed that "

"``float(repr(x))`` recovers ``x``."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:192

msgid ""

"Float-to-string and string-to-float conversions are correctly rounded. "

"The :func:`round` function is also now correctly rounded."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:194

msgid ""

"The :c:type:`PyCapsule` type, used to provide a C API for extension "

"modules."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:195

msgid "The :c:func:`PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow` C API function."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:197

msgid "Other new Python3-mode warnings include:"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:199

msgid ""

":func:`operator.isCallable` and :func:`operator.sequenceIncludes`, which "

"are not supported in 3.x, now trigger warnings."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:201

msgid ""

"The :option:`!-3` switch now automatically enables the :option:`!-Qwarn` "

"switch that causes warnings about using classic division with integers "

"and long integers."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:214

msgid "PEP 372: Adding an Ordered Dictionary to collections"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:216

msgid ""

"Regular Python dictionaries iterate over key/value pairs in arbitrary "

"order. Over the years, a number of authors have written alternative "

"implementations that remember the order that the keys were originally "

"inserted. Based on the experiences from those implementations, 2.7 "

"introduces a new :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` class in the "

":mod:`collections` module."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:222

msgid ""

"The :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` API provides the same interface as "

"regular dictionaries but iterates over keys and values in a guaranteed "

"order depending on when a key was first inserted::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:233

msgid ""

"If a new entry overwrites an existing entry, the original insertion "

"position is left unchanged::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:240

msgid "Deleting an entry and reinserting it will move it to the end::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:247

msgid ""

"The :meth:`~collections.OrderedDict.popitem` method has an optional "

"*last* argument that defaults to ``True``. If *last* is true, the most "

"recently added key is returned and removed; if it's false, the oldest key"

" is selected::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:262

msgid ""

"Comparing two ordered dictionaries checks both the keys and values, and "

"requires that the insertion order was the same::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:278

msgid ""

"Comparing an :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` with a regular dictionary "

"ignores the insertion order and just compares the keys and values."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:281

msgid ""

"How does the :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` work? It maintains a "

"doubly-linked list of keys, appending new keys to the list as they're "

"inserted. A secondary dictionary maps keys to their corresponding list "

"node, so deletion doesn't have to traverse the entire linked list and "

"therefore remains O(1)."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:287

msgid ""

"The standard library now supports use of ordered dictionaries in several "

"modules."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:290

msgid ""

"The :mod:`ConfigParser` module uses them by default, meaning that "

"configuration files can now be read, modified, and then written back in "

"their original order."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:294

msgid ""

"The :meth:`~collections.somenamedtuple._asdict()` method for "

":func:`collections.namedtuple` now returns an ordered dictionary with the"

" values appearing in the same order as the underlying tuple indices."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:298

msgid ""

"The :mod:`json` module's :class:`~json.JSONDecoder` class constructor was"

" extended with an *object_pairs_hook* parameter to allow "

":class:`OrderedDict` instances to be built by the decoder. Support was "

"also added for third-party tools like `PyYAML <http://pyyaml.org/>`_."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:307

msgid ":pep:`372` - Adding an ordered dictionary to collections"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:307

msgid ""

"PEP written by Armin Ronacher and Raymond Hettinger; implemented by "

"Raymond Hettinger."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:313

msgid "PEP 378: Format Specifier for Thousands Separator"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:315

msgid ""

"To make program output more readable, it can be useful to add separators "

"to large numbers, rendering them as 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 instead of"

" 18446744073709551616."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:319

msgid ""

"The fully general solution for doing this is the :mod:`locale` module, "

"which can use different separators (\",\" in North America, \".\" in "

"Europe) and different grouping sizes, but :mod:`locale` is complicated to"

" use and unsuitable for multi-threaded applications where different "

"threads are producing output for different locales."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:325

msgid ""

"Therefore, a simple comma-grouping mechanism has been added to the mini-"

"language used by the :meth:`str.format` method. When formatting a "

"floating-point number, simply include a comma between the width and the "

"precision::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:333

msgid "When formatting an integer, include the comma after the width:"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:338

msgid ""

"This mechanism is not adaptable at all; commas are always used as the "

"separator and the grouping is always into three-digit groups. The comma-"

"formatting mechanism isn't as general as the :mod:`locale` module, but "

"it's easier to use."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:345

msgid ":pep:`378` - Format Specifier for Thousands Separator"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:346

msgid "PEP written by Raymond Hettinger; implemented by Eric Smith."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:349

msgid "PEP 389: The argparse Module for Parsing Command Lines"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:351

msgid ""

"The :mod:`argparse` module for parsing command-line arguments was added "

"as a more powerful replacement for the :mod:`optparse` module."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:355

msgid ""

"This means Python now supports three different modules for parsing "

"command-line arguments: :mod:`getopt`, :mod:`optparse`, and "

":mod:`argparse`. The :mod:`getopt` module closely resembles the C "

"library's :c:func:`getopt` function, so it remains useful if you're "

"writing a Python prototype that will eventually be rewritten in C. "

":mod:`optparse` becomes redundant, but there are no plans to remove it "

"because there are many scripts still using it, and there's no automated "

"way to update these scripts. (Making the :mod:`argparse` API consistent "

"with :mod:`optparse`'s interface was discussed but rejected as too messy "

"and difficult.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:366

msgid ""

"In short, if you're writing a new script and don't need to worry about "

"compatibility with earlier versions of Python, use :mod:`argparse` "

"instead of :mod:`optparse`."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:370

msgid "Here's an example::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:393

msgid ""

"Unless you override it, :option:`!-h` and :option:`!--help` switches are "

"automatically added, and produce neatly formatted output::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:410

msgid ""

"As with :mod:`optparse`, the command-line switches and arguments are "

"returned as an object with attributes named by the *dest* parameters::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:425

msgid ""

":mod:`argparse` has much fancier validation than :mod:`optparse`; you can"

" specify an exact number of arguments as an integer, 0 or more arguments "

"by passing ``'*'``, 1 or more by passing ``'+'``, or an optional argument"

" with ``'?'``. A top-level parser can contain sub-parsers to define "

"subcommands that have different sets of switches, as in ``svn commit``, "

"``svn checkout``, etc. You can specify an argument's type as "

":class:`~argparse.FileType`, which will automatically open files for you "

"and understands that ``'-'`` means standard input or output."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:438

msgid ":mod:`argparse` documentation"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:438

msgid "The documentation page of the argparse module."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:442

msgid ":ref:`upgrading-optparse-code`"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:441

msgid ""

"Part of the Python documentation, describing how to convert code that "

"uses :mod:`optparse`."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:444

msgid ":pep:`389` - argparse - New Command Line Parsing Module"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:445

msgid "PEP written and implemented by Steven Bethard."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:448

msgid "PEP 391: Dictionary-Based Configuration For Logging"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:450

msgid ""

"The :mod:`logging` module is very flexible; applications can define a "

"tree of logging subsystems, and each logger in this tree can filter out "

"certain messages, format them differently, and direct messages to a "

"varying number of handlers."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:455

msgid ""

"All this flexibility can require a lot of configuration. You can write "

"Python statements to create objects and set their properties, but a "

"complex set-up requires verbose but boring code. :mod:`logging` also "

"supports a :func:`~logging.fileConfig` function that parses a file, but "

"the file format doesn't support configuring filters, and it's messier to "

"generate programmatically."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:462

msgid ""

"Python 2.7 adds a :func:`~logging.dictConfig` function that uses a "

"dictionary to configure logging. There are many ways to produce a "

"dictionary from different sources: construct one with code; parse a file "

"containing JSON; or use a YAML parsing library if one is installed. For "

"more information see :ref:`logging-config-api`."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:468

msgid ""

"The following example configures two loggers, the root logger and a "

"logger named \"network\". Messages sent to the root logger will be sent "

"to the system log using the syslog protocol, and messages to the "

"\"network\" logger will be written to a :file:`network.log` file that "

"will be rotated once the log reaches 1MB."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:518

msgid ""

"Three smaller enhancements to the :mod:`logging` module, all implemented "

"by Vinay Sajip, are:"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:523

msgid ""

"The :class:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler` class now supports "

"syslogging over TCP. The constructor has a *socktype* parameter giving "

"the type of socket to use, either :const:`socket.SOCK_DGRAM` for UDP or "

":const:`socket.SOCK_STREAM` for TCP. The default protocol remains UDP."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:529

msgid ""

":class:`~logging.Logger` instances gained a "

":meth:`~logging.Logger.getChild` method that retrieves a descendant "

"logger using a relative path. For example, once you retrieve a logger by "

"doing ``log = getLogger('app')``, calling "

"``log.getChild('network.listen')`` is equivalent to "

"``getLogger('app.network.listen')``."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:535

msgid ""

"The :class:`~logging.LoggerAdapter` class gained an "

":meth:`~logging.LoggerAdapter.isEnabledFor` method that takes a *level* "

"and returns whether the underlying logger would process a message of that"

" level of importance."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:544

msgid ":pep:`391` - Dictionary-Based Configuration For Logging"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:545

msgid "PEP written and implemented by Vinay Sajip."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:548

msgid "PEP 3106: Dictionary Views"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:550

msgid ""

"The dictionary methods :meth:`~dict.keys`, :meth:`~dict.values`, and "

":meth:`~dict.items` are different in Python 3.x. They return an object "

"called a :dfn:`view` instead of a fully materialized list."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:554

msgid ""

"It's not possible to change the return values of :meth:`~dict.keys`, "

":meth:`~dict.values`, and :meth:`~dict.items` in Python 2.7 because too "

"much code would break. Instead the 3.x versions were added under the new"

" names :meth:`~dict.viewkeys`, :meth:`~dict.viewvalues`, and "

":meth:`~dict.viewitems`."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:568

msgid ""

"Views can be iterated over, but the key and item views also behave like "

"sets. The ``&`` operator performs intersection, and ``|`` performs a "

"union::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:579

msgid ""

"The view keeps track of the dictionary and its contents change as the "

"dictionary is modified::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:589

msgid ""

"However, note that you can't add or remove keys while you're iterating "

"over the view::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:599

msgid ""

"You can use the view methods in Python 2.x code, and the 2to3 converter "

"will change them to the standard :meth:`~dict.keys`, "

":meth:`~dict.values`, and :meth:`~dict.items` methods."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:606

msgid ":pep:`3106` - Revamping dict.keys(), .values() and .items()"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:606

msgid ""

"PEP written by Guido van Rossum. Backported to 2.7 by Alexandre "

"Vassalotti; :issue:`1967`."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:611

msgid "PEP 3137: The memoryview Object"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:613

msgid ""

"The :class:`memoryview` object provides a view of another object's memory"

" content that matches the :class:`bytes` type's interface."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:631

msgid ""

"The content of the view can be converted to a string of bytes or a list "

"of integers:"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:643

msgid ""

":class:`memoryview` objects allow modifying the underlying object if it's"

" a mutable object."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:666

msgid ":pep:`3137` - Immutable Bytes and Mutable Buffer"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:665

msgid ""

"PEP written by Guido van Rossum. Implemented by Travis Oliphant, Antoine "

"Pitrou and others. Backported to 2.7 by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`2396`."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:672

msgid "Other Language Changes"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:674

msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:676

msgid ""

"The syntax for set literals has been backported from Python 3.x. Curly "

"brackets are used to surround the contents of the resulting mutable set; "

"set literals are distinguished from dictionaries by not containing colons"

" and values. ``{}`` continues to represent an empty dictionary; use "

"``set()`` for an empty set."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:693

msgid "Backported by Alexandre Vassalotti; :issue:`2335`."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:695

msgid ""

"Dictionary and set comprehensions are another feature backported from "

"3.x, generalizing list/generator comprehensions to use the literal syntax"

" for sets and dictionaries."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:707

msgid "Backported by Alexandre Vassalotti; :issue:`2333`."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:709

msgid ""

"The :keyword:`with` statement can now use multiple context managers in "

"one statement. Context managers are processed from left to right and "

"each one is treated as beginning a new :keyword:`!with` statement. This "

"means that::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:717

msgid "is equivalent to::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:723

msgid ""

"The :func:`contextlib.nested` function provides a very similar function, "

"so it's no longer necessary and has been deprecated."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:726

msgid ""

"(Proposed in https://codereview.appspot.com/53094; implemented by Georg "

"Brandl.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:729

msgid ""

"Conversions between floating-point numbers and strings are now correctly "

"rounded on most platforms. These conversions occur in many different "

"places: :func:`str` on floats and complex numbers; the :class:`float` and"

" :class:`complex` constructors; numeric formatting; serializing and "

"deserializing floats and complex numbers using the :mod:`marshal`, "

":mod:`pickle` and :mod:`json` modules; parsing of float and imaginary "

"literals in Python code; and :class:`~decimal.Decimal`-to-float "

"conversion."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:741

msgid ""

"Related to this, the :func:`repr` of a floating-point number *x* now "

"returns a result based on the shortest decimal string that's guaranteed "

"to round back to *x* under correct rounding (with round-half-to-even "

"rounding mode). Previously it gave a string based on rounding x to 17 "

"decimal digits."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:749

msgid ""

"The rounding library responsible for this improvement works on Windows "

"and on Unix platforms using the gcc, icc, or suncc compilers. There may "

"be a small number of platforms where correct operation of this code "

"cannot be guaranteed, so the code is not used on such systems. You can "

"find out which code is being used by checking "

":data:`sys.float_repr_style`, which will be ``short`` if the new code is"

" in use and ``legacy`` if it isn't."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:757

msgid ""

"Implemented by Eric Smith and Mark Dickinson, using David Gay's "

":file:`dtoa.c` library; :issue:`7117`."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:760

msgid ""

"Conversions from long integers and regular integers to floating point now"

" round differently, returning the floating-point number closest to the "

"number. This doesn't matter for small integers that can be converted "

"exactly, but for large numbers that will unavoidably lose precision, "

"Python 2.7 now approximates more closely. For example, Python 2.6 "

"computed the following::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:773

msgid ""

"Python 2.7's floating-point result is larger, but much closer to the true"

" value::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:782

msgid "(Implemented by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`3166`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:784

msgid ""

"Integer division is also more accurate in its rounding behaviours. (Also"

" implemented by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`1811`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:787

msgid ""

"Implicit coercion for complex numbers has been removed; the interpreter "

"will no longer ever attempt to call a :meth:`__coerce__` method on "

"complex objects. (Removed by Meador Inge and Mark Dickinson; "

":issue:`5211`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:791

#, python-format

msgid ""

"The :meth:`str.format` method now supports automatic numbering of the "

"replacement fields. This makes using :meth:`str.format` more closely "

"resemble using ``%s`` formatting::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:800

msgid ""

"The auto-numbering takes the fields from left to right, so the first "

"``{...}`` specifier will use the first argument to :meth:`str.format`, "

"the next specifier will use the next argument, and so on. You can't mix "

"auto-numbering and explicit numbering -- either number all of your "

"specifier fields or none of them -- but you can mix auto-numbering and "

"named fields, as in the second example above. (Contributed by Eric "

"Smith; :issue:`5237`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:807

msgid ""

"Complex numbers now correctly support usage with :func:`format`, and "

"default to being right-aligned. Specifying a precision or comma-"

"separation applies to both the real and imaginary parts of the number, "

"but a specified field width and alignment is applied to the whole of the "

"resulting ``1.5+3j`` output. (Contributed by Eric Smith; :issue:`1588` "

"and :issue:`7988`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:814

msgid ""

"The 'F' format code now always formats its output using uppercase "

"characters, so it will now produce 'INF' and 'NAN'. (Contributed by Eric "

"Smith; :issue:`3382`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:818

msgid ""

"A low-level change: the :meth:`object.__format__` method now triggers a "

":exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning` if it's passed a format string, because "

"the :meth:`__format__` method for :class:`object` converts the object to "

"a string representation and formats that. Previously the method silently"

" applied the format string to the string representation, but that could "

"hide mistakes in Python code. If you're supplying formatting information"

" such as an alignment or precision, presumably you're expecting the "

"formatting to be applied in some object-specific way. (Fixed by Eric "

"Smith; :issue:`7994`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:828

msgid ""

"The :func:`int` and :func:`long` types gained a ``bit_length`` method "

"that returns the number of bits necessary to represent its argument in "

"binary::"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:843

msgid "(Contributed by Fredrik Johansson and Victor Stinner; :issue:`3439`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:845

msgid ""

"The :keyword:`import` statement will no longer try an absolute import if "

"a relative import (e.g. ``from .os import sep``) fails. This fixes a "

"bug, but could possibly break certain :keyword:`!import` statements that "

"were only working by accident. (Fixed by Meador Inge; :issue:`7902`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:851

msgid ""

"It's now possible for a subclass of the built-in :class:`unicode` type to"

" override the :meth:`__unicode__` method. (Implemented by Victor "

"Stinner; :issue:`1583863`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:855

msgid ""

"The :class:`bytearray` type's :meth:`~bytearray.translate` method now "

"accepts ``None`` as its first argument. (Fixed by Georg Brandl; "

":issue:`4759`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:861

msgid ""

"When using ``@classmethod`` and ``@staticmethod`` to wrap methods as "

"class or static methods, the wrapper object now exposes the wrapped "

"function as their :attr:`__func__` attribute. (Contributed by Amaury "

"Forgeot d'Arc, after a suggestion by George Sakkis; :issue:`5982`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:867

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:2462

msgid ""

"When a restricted set of attributes were set using ``__slots__``, "

"deleting an unset attribute would not raise :exc:`AttributeError` as you "

"would expect. Fixed by Benjamin Peterson; :issue:`7604`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:871

msgid ""

"Two new encodings are now supported: \"cp720\", used primarily for Arabic"

" text; and \"cp858\", a variant of CP 850 that adds the euro symbol. "

"(CP720 contributed by Alexander Belchenko and Amaury Forgeot d'Arc in "

":issue:`1616979`; CP858 contributed by Tim Hatch in :issue:`8016`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:877

msgid ""

"The :class:`file` object will now set the :attr:`filename` attribute on "

"the :exc:`IOError` exception when trying to open a directory on POSIX "

"platforms (noted by Jan Kaliszewski; :issue:`4764`), and now explicitly "

"checks for and forbids writing to read-only file objects instead of "

"trusting the C library to catch and report the error (fixed by Stefan "

"Krah; :issue:`5677`)."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:884

msgid ""

"The Python tokenizer now translates line endings itself, so the "

":func:`compile` built-in function now accepts code using any line-ending "

"convention. Additionally, it no longer requires that the code end in a "

"newline."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:889

msgid ""

"Extra parentheses in function definitions are illegal in Python 3.x, "

"meaning that you get a syntax error from ``def f((x)): pass``. In "

"Python3-warning mode, Python 2.7 will now warn about this odd usage. "

"(Noted by James Lingard; :issue:`7362`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:894

msgid ""

"It's now possible to create weak references to old-style class objects. "

"New-style classes were always weak-referenceable. (Fixed by Antoine "

"Pitrou; :issue:`8268`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:898

msgid ""

"When a module object is garbage-collected, the module's dictionary is now"

" only cleared if no one else is holding a reference to the dictionary "

"(:issue:`7140`)."

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:907

msgid "Interpreter Changes"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:909

msgid ""

"A new environment variable, :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS`, allows controlling "

"warnings. It should be set to a string containing warning settings, "

"equivalent to those used with the :option:`-W` switch, separated by "

"commas. (Contributed by Brian Curtin; :issue:`7301`.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:915

msgid ""

"For example, the following setting will print warnings every time they "

"occur, but turn warnings from the :mod:`Cookie` module into an error. "

"(The exact syntax for setting an environment variable varies across "

"operating systems and shells.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:928

msgid "Optimizations"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:930

msgid "Several performance enhancements have been added:"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:932

msgid ""

"A new opcode was added to perform the initial setup for :keyword:`with` "

"statements, looking up the :meth:`__enter__` and :meth:`__exit__` "

"methods. (Contributed by Benjamin Peterson.)"

msgstr ""

#: /Users/flowdas/works/docs/python/src/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst:936

#, python-format

msgid ""

"The garbage collector now performs better for one common usage pattern: "

"when many objects are being allocated without deallocating any of them. "

"This would previously take quadratic time for garbage collection, but now"