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"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.6\n"

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"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-03-26 14:46+0900\n"

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#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:3

msgid "What's New In Python 3.6"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst

msgid "Editors"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:5

msgid "Elvis Pranskevichus <elvis@magic.io>, Yury Selivanov <yury@magic.io>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:47

msgid ""

"This article explains the new features in Python 3.6, compared to 3.5. "

"Python 3.6 was released on December 23, 2016.  See the `changelog "

"<https://docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/changelog.html>`_ for a full list "

"of changes."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:54

msgid ":pep:`494` - Python 3.6 Release Schedule"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:58

msgid "Summary -- Release highlights"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:60

msgid "New syntax features:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:62

msgid ":ref:`PEP 498 <whatsnew36-pep498>`, formatted string literals."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:64

msgid ":ref:`PEP 515 <whatsnew36-pep515>`, underscores in numeric literals."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:66

msgid ":ref:`PEP 526 <whatsnew36-pep526>`, syntax for variable annotations."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:68

msgid ":ref:`PEP 525 <whatsnew36-pep525>`, asynchronous generators."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:70

msgid ":ref:`PEP 530 <whatsnew36-pep530>`: asynchronous comprehensions."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:73

msgid "New library modules:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:75

msgid ""

":mod:`secrets`: :ref:`PEP 506 -- Adding A Secrets Module To The Standard "

"Library <whatsnew36-pep506>`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:78

msgid "CPython implementation improvements:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:80

#, python-format

msgid ""

"The :ref:`dict <typesmapping>` type has been reimplemented to use a "

":ref:`more compact representation <whatsnew36-compactdict>` based on `a "

"proposal by Raymond Hettinger <https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-"

"dev/2012-December/123028.html>`_ and similar to the `PyPy dict "

"implementation`_. This resulted in dictionaries using 20% to 25% less "

"memory when compared to Python 3.5."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:87

msgid ""

"Customization of class creation has been simplified with the :ref:`new "

"protocol <whatsnew36-pep487>`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:90

msgid ""

"The class attribute definition order is :ref:`now preserved "

"<whatsnew36-pep520>`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:93

msgid ""

"The order of elements in ``**kwargs`` now :ref:`corresponds to the order "

"<whatsnew36-pep468>` in which keyword arguments were passed to the "

"function."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:97

msgid ""

"DTrace and SystemTap :ref:`probing support <whatsnew36-tracing>` has been"

" added."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:100

msgid ""

"The new :ref:`PYTHONMALLOC <whatsnew36-pythonmalloc>` environment "

"variable can now be used to debug the interpreter memory allocation and "

"access errors."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:105

msgid "Significant improvements in the standard library:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:107

msgid ""

"The :mod:`asyncio` module has received new features, significant "

"usability and performance improvements, and a fair amount of bug fixes. "

"Starting with Python 3.6 the ``asyncio`` module is no longer provisional "

"and its API is considered stable."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:112

msgid ""

"A new :ref:`file system path protocol <whatsnew36-pep519>` has been "

"implemented to support :term:`path-like objects <path-like object>`. All "

"standard library functions operating on paths have been updated to work "

"with the new protocol."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:117

msgid ""

"The :mod:`datetime` module has gained support for :ref:`Local Time "

"Disambiguation <whatsnew36-pep495>`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:120

msgid ""

"The :mod:`typing` module received a number of :ref:`improvements "

"<whatsnew36-typing>`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:123

msgid ""

"The :mod:`tracemalloc` module has been significantly reworked and is now "

"used to provide better output for :exc:`ResourceWarning` as well as "

"provide better diagnostics for memory allocation errors. See the "

":ref:`PYTHONMALLOC section <whatsnew36-pythonmalloc>` for more "

"information."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:130

msgid "Security improvements:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:132

msgid ""

"The new :mod:`secrets` module has been added to simplify the generation "

"of cryptographically strong pseudo-random numbers suitable for managing "

"secrets such as account authentication, tokens, and similar."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:136 ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:1283

msgid ""

"On Linux, :func:`os.urandom` now blocks until the system urandom entropy "

"pool is initialized to increase the security. See the :pep:`524` for the "

"rationale."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:140

msgid "The :mod:`hashlib` and :mod:`ssl` modules now support OpenSSL 1.1.0."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:142

msgid ""

"The default settings and feature set of the :mod:`ssl` module have been "

"improved."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:145

msgid ""

"The :mod:`hashlib` module received support for the BLAKE2, SHA-3 and "

"SHAKE hash algorithms and the :func:`~hashlib.scrypt` key derivation "

"function."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:149

msgid "Windows improvements:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:151

msgid ""

":ref:`PEP 528 <whatsnew36-pep528>` and :ref:`PEP 529 "

"<whatsnew36-pep529>`, Windows filesystem and console encoding changed to "

"UTF-8."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:154

msgid ""

"The ``py.exe`` launcher, when used interactively, no longer prefers "

"Python 2 over Python 3 when the user doesn't specify a version (via "

"command line arguments or a config file). Handling of shebang lines "

"remains unchanged - \"python\" refers to Python 2 in that case."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:159

msgid ""

"``python.exe`` and ``pythonw.exe`` have been marked as long-path aware, "

"which means that the 260 character path limit may no longer apply. See "

":ref:`removing the MAX_PATH limitation <max-path>` for details."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:163

msgid ""

"A ``._pth`` file can be added to force isolated mode and fully specify "

"all search paths to avoid registry and environment lookup. See :ref:`the "

"documentation <finding_modules>` for more information."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:167

msgid ""

"A ``python36.zip`` file now works as a landmark to infer "

":envvar:`PYTHONHOME`. See :ref:`the documentation <finding_modules>` for "

"more information."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:176

msgid "New Features"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:181

msgid "PEP 498: Formatted string literals"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:183

msgid ""

":pep:`498` introduces a new kind of string literals: *f-strings*, or "

":ref:`formatted string literals <f-strings>`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:186

msgid ""

"Formatted string literals are prefixed with ``'f'`` and are similar to "

"the format strings accepted by :meth:`str.format`. They contain "

"replacement fields surrounded by curly braces. The replacement fields "

"are expressions, which are evaluated at run time, and then formatted "

"using the :func:`format` protocol::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:204

msgid ":pep:`498` -- Literal String Interpolation."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:204

msgid "PEP written and implemented by Eric V. Smith."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:206

msgid ":ref:`Feature documentation <f-strings>`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:212

msgid "PEP 526: Syntax for variable annotations"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:214

msgid ""

":pep:`484` introduced the standard for type annotations of function "

"parameters, a.k.a. type hints. This PEP adds syntax to Python for "

"annotating the types of variables including class variables and instance "

"variables::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:225

msgid ""

"Just as for function annotations, the Python interpreter does not attach "

"any particular meaning to variable annotations and only stores them in "

"the ``__annotations__`` attribute of a class or module."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:229

msgid ""

"In contrast to variable declarations in statically typed languages, the "

"goal of annotation syntax is to provide an easy way to specify structured"

" type metadata for third party tools and libraries via the abstract "

"syntax tree and the ``__annotations__`` attribute."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:238

msgid ":pep:`526` -- Syntax for variable annotations."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:237

msgid ""

"PEP written by Ryan Gonzalez, Philip House, Ivan Levkivskyi, Lisa Roach, "

"and Guido van Rossum. Implemented by Ivan Levkivskyi."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:240

msgid ""

"Tools that use or will use the new syntax: `mypy <http://www.mypy-"

"lang.org/>`_, `pytype <https://github.com/google/pytype>`_, PyCharm, etc."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:248

msgid "PEP 515: Underscores in Numeric Literals"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:250

msgid ""

":pep:`515` adds the ability to use underscores in numeric literals for "

"improved readability. For example::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:258

msgid ""

"Single underscores are allowed between digits and after any base "

"specifier. Leading, trailing, or multiple underscores in a row are not "

"allowed."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:262

msgid ""

"The :ref:`string formatting <formatspec>` language also now has support "

"for the ``'_'`` option to signal the use of an underscore for a thousands"

" separator for floating point presentation types and for integer "

"presentation type ``'d'``. For integer presentation types ``'b'``, "

"``'o'``, ``'x'``, and ``'X'``, underscores will be inserted every 4 "

"digits::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:276

msgid ":pep:`515` -- Underscores in Numeric Literals"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:277

msgid "PEP written by Georg Brandl and Serhiy Storchaka."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:283

msgid "PEP 525: Asynchronous Generators"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:285

msgid ""

":pep:`492` introduced support for native coroutines and ``async`` / "

"``await`` syntax to Python 3.5. A notable limitation of the Python 3.5 "

"implementation is that it was not possible to use ``await`` and ``yield``"

" in the same function body. In Python 3.6 this restriction has been "

"lifted, making it possible to define *asynchronous generators*::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:297

msgid "The new syntax allows for faster and more concise code."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:301

msgid ":pep:`525` -- Asynchronous Generators"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:302 ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:323

msgid "PEP written and implemented by Yury Selivanov."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:308

msgid "PEP 530: Asynchronous Comprehensions"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:310

msgid ""

":pep:`530` adds support for using ``async for`` in list, set, dict "

"comprehensions and generator expressions::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:315

msgid ""

"Additionally, ``await`` expressions are supported in all kinds of "

"comprehensions::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:322

msgid ":pep:`530` -- Asynchronous Comprehensions"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:329

msgid "PEP 487: Simpler customization of class creation"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:331

msgid ""

"It is now possible to customize subclass creation without using a "

"metaclass. The new ``__init_subclass__`` classmethod will be called on "

"the base class whenever a new subclass is created::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:348

msgid ""

"In order to allow zero-argument :func:`super` calls to work correctly "

"from :meth:`~object.__init_subclass__` implementations, custom "

"metaclasses must ensure that the new ``__classcell__`` namespace entry is"

" propagated to ``type.__new__`` (as described in :ref:`class-object-"

"creation`)."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:356 ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:394

msgid ":pep:`487` -- Simpler customization of class creation"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:356 ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:394

msgid "PEP written and implemented by Martin Teichmann."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:358

msgid ":ref:`Feature documentation <class-customization>`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:364

msgid "PEP 487: Descriptor Protocol Enhancements"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:366

msgid ""

":pep:`487` extends the descriptor protocol to include the new optional "

":meth:`~object.__set_name__` method. Whenever a new class is defined, "

"the new method will be called on all descriptors included in the "

"definition, providing them with a reference to the class being defined "

"and the name given to the descriptor within the class namespace. In "

"other words, instances of descriptors can now know the attribute name of "

"the descriptor in the owner class::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:396

msgid ":ref:`Feature documentation <descriptors>`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:402

msgid "PEP 519: Adding a file system path protocol"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:404

msgid ""

"File system paths have historically been represented as :class:`str` or "

":class:`bytes` objects. This has led to people who write code which "

"operate on file system paths to assume that such objects are only one of "

"those two types (an :class:`int` representing a file descriptor does not "

"count as that is not a file path). Unfortunately that assumption prevents"

" alternative object representations of file system paths like "

":mod:`pathlib` from working with pre-existing code, including Python's "

"standard library."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:413

msgid ""

"To fix this situation, a new interface represented by "

":class:`os.PathLike` has been defined. By implementing the "

":meth:`~os.PathLike.__fspath__` method, an object signals that it "

"represents a path. An object can then provide a low-level representation "

"of a file system path as a :class:`str` or :class:`bytes` object. This "

"means an object is considered :term:`path-like <path-like object>` if it "

"implements :class:`os.PathLike` or is a :class:`str` or :class:`bytes` "

"object which represents a file system path. Code can use "

":func:`os.fspath`, :func:`os.fsdecode`, or :func:`os.fsencode` to "

"explicitly get a :class:`str` and/or :class:`bytes` representation of a "

"path-like object."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:426

msgid ""

"The built-in :func:`open` function has been updated to accept "

":class:`os.PathLike` objects, as have all relevant functions in the "

":mod:`os` and :mod:`os.path` modules, and most other functions and "

"classes in the standard library. The :class:`os.DirEntry` class and "

"relevant classes in :mod:`pathlib` have also been updated to implement "

":class:`os.PathLike`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:433

msgid ""

"The hope is that updating the fundamental functions for operating on file"

" system paths will lead to third-party code to implicitly support all "

":term:`path-like objects <path-like object>` without any code changes, or"

" at least very minimal ones (e.g. calling :func:`os.fspath` at the "

"beginning of code before operating on a path-like object)."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:440

msgid ""

"Here are some examples of how the new interface allows for "

":class:`pathlib.Path` to be used more easily and transparently with pre-"

"existing code::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:457

msgid ""

"(Implemented by Brett Cannon, Ethan Furman, Dusty Phillips, and Jelle "

"Zijlstra.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:461

msgid ":pep:`519` -- Adding a file system path protocol"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:462

msgid "PEP written by Brett Cannon and Koos Zevenhoven."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:468

msgid "PEP 495: Local Time Disambiguation"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:470

msgid ""

"In most world locations, there have been and will be times when local "

"clocks are moved back. In those times, intervals are introduced in which"

" local clocks show the same time twice in the same day. In these "

"situations, the information displayed on a local clock (or stored in a "

"Python datetime instance) is insufficient to identify a particular moment"

" in time."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:476

msgid ""

":pep:`495` adds the new *fold* attribute to instances of "

":class:`datetime.datetime` and :class:`datetime.time` classes to "

"differentiate between two moments in time for which local times are the "

"same::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:491

msgid ""

"The values of the :attr:`fold <datetime.datetime.fold>` attribute have "

"the value ``0`` for all instances except those that represent the second "

"(chronologically) moment in time in an ambiguous case."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:498

msgid ":pep:`495` -- Local Time Disambiguation"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:498

msgid ""

"PEP written by Alexander Belopolsky and Tim Peters, implementation by "

"Alexander Belopolsky."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:505

msgid "PEP 529: Change Windows filesystem encoding to UTF-8"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:507

msgid ""

"Representing filesystem paths is best performed with str (Unicode) rather"

" than bytes. However, there are some situations where using bytes is "

"sufficient and correct."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:511

msgid ""

"Prior to Python 3.6, data loss could result when using bytes paths on "

"Windows. With this change, using bytes to represent paths is now "

"supported on Windows, provided those bytes are encoded with the encoding "

"returned by :func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding()`, which now defaults to "

"``'utf-8'``."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:516

msgid ""

"Applications that do not use str to represent paths should use "

":func:`os.fsencode()` and :func:`os.fsdecode()` to ensure their bytes are"

" correctly encoded. To revert to the previous behaviour, set "

":envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` or call "

":func:`sys._enablelegacywindowsfsencoding`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:522

msgid ""

"See :pep:`529` for more information and discussion of code modifications "

"that may be required."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:529

msgid "PEP 528: Change Windows console encoding to UTF-8"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:531

msgid ""

"The default console on Windows will now accept all Unicode characters and"

" provide correctly read str objects to Python code. ``sys.stdin``, "

"``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr`` now default to utf-8 encoding."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:535

msgid ""

"This change only applies when using an interactive console, and not when "

"redirecting files or pipes. To revert to the previous behaviour for "

"interactive console use, set :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:541

msgid ":pep:`528` -- Change Windows console encoding to UTF-8"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:542

msgid "PEP written and implemented by Steve Dower."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:548

msgid "PEP 520: Preserving Class Attribute Definition Order"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:550

msgid ""

"Attributes in a class definition body have a natural ordering: the same "

"order in which the names appear in the source. This order is now "

"preserved in the new class's :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:554

msgid ""

"Also, the effective default class *execution* namespace (returned from "

":ref:`type.__prepare__() <prepare>`) is now an insertion-order-preserving"

" mapping."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:560

msgid ":pep:`520` -- Preserving Class Attribute Definition Order"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:561 ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:575

msgid "PEP written and implemented by Eric Snow."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:567

msgid "PEP 468: Preserving Keyword Argument Order"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:569

msgid ""

"``**kwargs`` in a function signature is now guaranteed to be an "

"insertion-order-preserving mapping."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:574

msgid ":pep:`468` -- Preserving Keyword Argument Order"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:581

msgid "New :ref:`dict <typesmapping>` implementation"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:583

#, python-format

msgid ""

"The :ref:`dict <typesmapping>` type now uses a \"compact\" representation"

" based on `a proposal by Raymond Hettinger "

"<https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-"

"dev/2012-December/123028.html>`_ which was `first implemented by PyPy "

"<https://morepypy.blogspot.com/2015/01/faster-more-memory-efficient-and-"

"more.html>`_. The memory usage of the new :func:`dict` is between 20% and"

" 25% smaller compared to Python 3.5."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:591

msgid ""

"The order-preserving aspect of this new implementation is considered an "

"implementation detail and should not be relied upon (this may change in "

"the future, but it is desired to have this new dict implementation in the"

" language for a few releases before changing the language spec to mandate"

" order-preserving semantics for all current and future Python "

"implementations; this also helps preserve backwards-compatibility with "

"older versions of the language where random iteration order is still in "

"effect, e.g. Python 3.5)."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:600

msgid ""

"(Contributed by INADA Naoki in :issue:`27350`. Idea `originally suggested"

" by Raymond Hettinger <https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-"

"dev/2012-December/123028.html>`_.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:608

msgid "PEP 523: Adding a frame evaluation API to CPython"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:610

msgid ""

"While Python provides extensive support to customize how code executes, "

"one place it has not done so is in the evaluation of frame objects. If "

"you wanted some way to intercept frame evaluation in Python there really "

"wasn't any way without directly manipulating function pointers for "

"defined functions."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:616

msgid ""

":pep:`523` changes this by providing an API to make frame evaluation "

"pluggable at the C level. This will allow for tools such as debuggers and"

" JITs to intercept frame evaluation before the execution of Python code "

"begins. This enables the use of alternative evaluation implementations "

"for Python code, tracking frame evaluation, etc."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:623

msgid ""

"This API is not part of the limited C API and is marked as private to "

"signal that usage of this API is expected to be limited and only "

"applicable to very select, low-level use-cases. Semantics of the API will"

" change with Python as necessary."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:630

msgid ":pep:`523` -- Adding a frame evaluation API to CPython"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:631

msgid "PEP written by Brett Cannon and Dino Viehland."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:637

msgid "PYTHONMALLOC environment variable"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:639

msgid ""

"The new :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable allows setting the "

"Python memory allocators and installing debug hooks."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:642

msgid ""

"It is now possible to install debug hooks on Python memory allocators on "

"Python compiled in release mode using ``PYTHONMALLOC=debug``. Effects of "

"debug hooks:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:645

msgid "Newly allocated memory is filled with the byte ``0xCB``"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:646

msgid "Freed memory is filled with the byte ``0xDB``"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:647

msgid ""

"Detect violations of the Python memory allocator API. For example, "

":c:func:`PyObject_Free` called on a memory block allocated by "

":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:650

msgid "Detect writes before the start of a buffer (buffer underflows)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:651

msgid "Detect writes after the end of a buffer (buffer overflows)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:652

msgid ""

"Check that the :term:`GIL <global interpreter lock>` is held when "

"allocator functions of :c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (ex: "

":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) and :c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (ex: "

":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) domains are called."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:656

msgid "Checking if the GIL is held is also a new feature of Python 3.6."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:658

msgid ""

"See the :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function for debug hooks on "

"Python memory allocators."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:661

msgid ""

"It is now also possible to force the usage of the :c:func:`malloc` "

"allocator of the C library for all Python memory allocations using "

"``PYTHONMALLOC=malloc``. This is helpful when using external memory "

"debuggers like Valgrind on a Python compiled in release mode."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:666

msgid ""

"On error, the debug hooks on Python memory allocators now use the "

":mod:`tracemalloc` module to get the traceback where a memory block was "

"allocated."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:670

msgid ""

"Example of fatal error on buffer overflow using ``python3.6 -X "

"tracemalloc=5`` (store 5 frames in traces)::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:707

msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`26516` and :issue:`26564`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:713

msgid "DTrace and SystemTap probing support"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:715

msgid ""

"Python can now be built ``--with-dtrace`` which enables static markers "

"for the following events in the interpreter:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:718

msgid "function call/return"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:720

msgid "garbage collection started/finished"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:722

msgid "line of code executed."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:724

msgid ""

"This can be used to instrument running interpreters in production, "

"without the need to recompile specific debug builds or providing "

"application-specific profiling/debugging code."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:728

msgid "More details in :ref:`instrumentation`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:730

msgid ""

"The current implementation is tested on Linux and macOS. Additional "

"markers may be added in the future."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:733

msgid ""

"(Contributed by Łukasz Langa in :issue:`21590`, based on patches by Jesús"

" Cea Avión, David Malcolm, and Nikhil Benesch.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:738

msgid "Other Language Changes"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:740

msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:742

msgid ""

"A ``global`` or ``nonlocal`` statement must now textually appear before "

"the first use of the affected name in the same scope. Previously this was"

" a :exc:`SyntaxWarning`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:746

msgid ""

"It is now possible to set a :ref:`special method <specialnames>` to "

"``None`` to indicate that the corresponding operation is not available. "

"For example, if a class sets :meth:`__iter__` to ``None``, the class is "

"not iterable. (Contributed by Andrew Barnert and Ivan Levkivskyi in "

":issue:`25958`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:752

msgid ""

"Long sequences of repeated traceback lines are now abbreviated as "

"``\"[Previous line repeated {count} more times]\"`` (see "

":ref:`whatsnew36-traceback` for an example). (Contributed by Emanuel "

"Barry in :issue:`26823`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:757

msgid ""

"Import now raises the new exception :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` (subclass "

"of :exc:`ImportError`) when it cannot find a module. Code that currently"

" checks for ImportError (in try-except) will still work. (Contributed by "

"Eric Snow in :issue:`15767`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:762

msgid ""

"Class methods relying on zero-argument ``super()`` will now work "

"correctly when called from metaclass methods during class creation. "

"(Contributed by Martin Teichmann in :issue:`23722`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:768

msgid "New Modules"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:773

msgid "secrets"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:775

msgid ""

"The main purpose of the new :mod:`secrets` module is to provide an "

"obvious way to reliably generate cryptographically strong pseudo-random "

"values suitable for managing secrets, such as account authentication, "

"tokens, and similar."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:781

msgid ""

"Note that the pseudo-random generators in the :mod:`random` module should"

" *NOT* be used for security purposes. Use :mod:`secrets` on Python 3.6+ "

"and :func:`os.urandom()` on Python 3.5 and earlier."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:787

msgid ":pep:`506` -- Adding A Secrets Module To The Standard Library"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:788

msgid "PEP written and implemented by Steven D'Aprano."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:792

msgid "Improved Modules"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:795

msgid "array"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:797

msgid ""

"Exhausted iterators of :class:`array.array` will now stay exhausted even "

"if the iterated array is extended. This is consistent with the behavior "

"of other mutable sequences."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:801

msgid "Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`26492`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:804

msgid "ast"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:806

msgid ""

"The new :class:`ast.Constant` AST node has been added. It can be used by"

" external AST optimizers for the purposes of constant folding."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:809

msgid "Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`26146`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:813

msgid "asyncio"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:815

msgid ""

"Starting with Python 3.6 the ``asyncio`` module is no longer provisional "

"and its API is considered stable."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:818

msgid ""

"Notable changes in the :mod:`asyncio` module since Python 3.5.0 (all "

"backported to 3.5.x due to the provisional status):"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:821

msgid ""

"The :func:`~asyncio.get_event_loop` function has been changed to always "

"return the currently running loop when called from coroutines and "

"callbacks. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`28613`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:826