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#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:3

msgid "What's New In Python 3.11"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst

msgid "Editor"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:5

msgid "Pablo Galindo Salgado"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:47

msgid ""

"This article explains the new features in Python 3.11, compared to 3.10. "

"Python 3.11 was released on October 24, 2022. For full details, see the "

":ref:`changelog <changelog>`."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:55

msgid "Summary -- Release highlights"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:60

#, python-format

msgid ""

"Python 3.11 is between 10-60% faster than Python 3.10. On average, we "

"measured a 1.25x speedup on the standard benchmark suite. See "

":ref:`whatsnew311-faster-cpython` for details."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:66

msgid "New syntax features:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:68

msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep654`"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:70

msgid "New built-in features:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:72

msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep678`"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:74

msgid "New standard library modules:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:76

msgid ""

":pep:`680`: :mod:`tomllib` — Support for parsing `TOML "

"<https://toml.io/>`_ in the Standard Library"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:79

msgid "Interpreter improvements:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:81

msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep657`"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:82

msgid ""

"New :option:`-P` command line option and :envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` "

"environment variable to :ref:`disable automatically prepending "

"potentially unsafe paths <whatsnew311-pythonsafepath>` to "

":data:`sys.path`"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:86

msgid "New typing features:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:88

msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep646`"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:89

msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep655`"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:90

msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep673`"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:91

msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep675`"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:92

msgid ":ref:`whatsnew311-pep681`"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:94

msgid "Important deprecations, removals and restrictions:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:96

msgid ""

":pep:`594`: :ref:`Many legacy standard library modules have been "

"deprecated <whatsnew311-pep594>` and will be removed in Python 3.13"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:99

msgid ""

":pep:`624`: :ref:`Py_UNICODE encoder APIs have been removed "

"<whatsnew311-pep624>`"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:101

msgid ""

":pep:`670`: :ref:`Macros converted to static inline functions "

"<whatsnew311-pep670>`"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:108 ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:2211

msgid "New Features"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:113

msgid "PEP 657: Fine-grained error locations in tracebacks"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:115

msgid ""

"When printing tracebacks, the interpreter will now point to the exact "

"expression that caused the error, instead of just the line. For example:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:118

msgid ""

"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"

" File \"distance.py\", line 11, in <module>\n"

" print(manhattan_distance(p1, p2))\n"

" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n"

" File \"distance.py\", line 6, in manhattan_distance\n"

" return abs(point_1.x - point_2.x) + abs(point_1.y - point_2.y)\n"

" ^^^^^^^^^\n"

"AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'x'"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:129

msgid ""

"Previous versions of the interpreter would point to just the line, making"

" it ambiguous which object was ``None``. These enhanced errors can also "

"be helpful when dealing with deeply nested :class:`dict` objects and "

"multiple function calls:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:133

msgid ""

"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"

" File \"query.py\", line 37, in <module>\n"

" magic_arithmetic('foo')\n"

" File \"query.py\", line 18, in magic_arithmetic\n"

" return add_counts(x) / 25\n"

" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n"

" File \"query.py\", line 24, in add_counts\n"

" return 25 + query_user(user1) + query_user(user2)\n"

" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n"

" File \"query.py\", line 32, in query_user\n"

" return 1 + query_count(db, response['a']['b']['c']['user'], "

"retry=True)\n"

" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^\n"

"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:149

msgid "As well as complex arithmetic expressions:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:151

msgid ""

"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"

" File \"calculation.py\", line 54, in <module>\n"

" result = (x / y / z) * (a / b / c)\n"

" ~~~~~~^~~\n"

"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:159

msgid ""

"Additionally, the information used by the enhanced traceback feature is "

"made available via a general API, that can be used to correlate "

":term:`bytecode` :ref:`instructions <bytecodes>` with source code "

"location. This information can be retrieved using:"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:164

msgid "The :meth:`codeobject.co_positions` method in Python."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:165

msgid "The :c:func:`PyCode_Addr2Location` function in the C API."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:167

msgid ""

"See :pep:`657` for more details. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo, Batuhan "

"Taskaya and Ammar Askar in :issue:`43950`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:171

msgid ""

"This feature requires storing column positions in :ref:`codeobjects`, "

"which may result in a small increase in interpreter memory usage and disk"

" usage for compiled Python files. To avoid storing the extra information "

"and deactivate printing the extra traceback information, use the "

":option:`-X no_debug_ranges <-X>` command line option or the "

":envvar:`PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES` environment variable."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:183

msgid "PEP 654: Exception Groups and ``except*``"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:185

msgid ""

":pep:`654` introduces language features that enable a program to raise "

"and handle multiple unrelated exceptions simultaneously. The builtin "

"types :exc:`ExceptionGroup` and :exc:`BaseExceptionGroup` make it "

"possible to group exceptions and raise them together, and the new "

":keyword:`except* <except_star>` syntax generalizes :keyword:`except` to "

"match subgroups of exception groups."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:192

msgid "See :pep:`654` for more details."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:194

msgid ""

"(Contributed by Irit Katriel in :issue:`45292`. PEP written by Irit "

"Katriel, Yury Selivanov and Guido van Rossum.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:201

msgid "PEP 678: Exceptions can be enriched with notes"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:203

msgid ""

"The :meth:`~BaseException.add_note` method is added to "

":exc:`BaseException`. It can be used to enrich exceptions with context "

"information that is not available at the time when the exception is "

"raised. The added notes appear in the default traceback."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:208

msgid "See :pep:`678` for more details."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:210

msgid ""

"(Contributed by Irit Katriel in :issue:`45607`. PEP written by Zac "

"Hatfield-Dodds.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:217

msgid "Windows ``py.exe`` launcher improvements"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:219

#, python-brace-format

msgid ""

"The copy of the :ref:`launcher` included with Python 3.11 has been "

"significantly updated. It now supports company/tag syntax as defined in "

":pep:`514` using the :samp:`-V:{<company>}/{<tag>}` argument instead of "

"the limited :samp:`-{<major>}.{<minor>}`. This allows launching "

"distributions other than ``PythonCore``, the one hosted on `python.org "

"<https://www.python.org>`_."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:225

msgid ""

"When using ``-V:`` selectors, either company or tag can be omitted, but "

"all installs will be searched. For example, ``-V:OtherPython/`` will "

"select the \"best\" tag registered for ``OtherPython``, while ``-V:3.11``"

" or ``-V:/3.11`` will select the \"best\" distribution with tag ``3.11``."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:230

#, python-brace-format

msgid ""

"When using the legacy :samp:`-{<major>}`, :samp:`-{<major>}.{<minor>}`, "

":samp:`-{<major>}-{<bitness>}` or "

":samp:`-{<major>}.{<minor>}-{<bitness>}` arguments, all existing "

"behaviour should be preserved from past versions, and only releases from "

"``PythonCore`` will be selected. However, the ``-64`` suffix now implies "

"\"not 32-bit\" (not necessarily x86-64), as there are multiple supported "

"64-bit platforms. 32-bit runtimes are detected by checking the runtime's "

"tag for a ``-32`` suffix. All releases of Python since 3.5 have included "

"this in their 32-bit builds."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:244

msgid "New Features Related to Type Hints"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:246

msgid ""

"This section covers major changes affecting :pep:`484` type hints and the"

" :mod:`typing` module."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:253

msgid "PEP 646: Variadic generics"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:255

msgid ""

":pep:`484` previously introduced :data:`~typing.TypeVar`, enabling "

"creation of generics parameterised with a single type. :pep:`646` adds "

":data:`~typing.TypeVarTuple`, enabling parameterisation with an "

"*arbitrary* number of types. In other words, a "

":data:`~typing.TypeVarTuple` is a *variadic* type variable, enabling "

"*variadic* generics."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:262

msgid ""

"This enables a wide variety of use cases. In particular, it allows the "

"type of array-like structures in numerical computing libraries such as "

"NumPy and TensorFlow to be parameterised with the array *shape*. Static "

"type checkers will now be able to catch shape-related bugs in code that "

"uses these libraries."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:268

msgid "See :pep:`646` for more details."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:270

msgid ""

"(Contributed by Matthew Rahtz in :issue:`43224`, with contributions by "

"Serhiy Storchaka and Jelle Zijlstra. PEP written by Mark Mendoza, Matthew"

" Rahtz, Pradeep Kumar Srinivasan, and Vincent Siles.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:278

msgid ""

"PEP 655: Marking individual ``TypedDict`` items as required or not-"

"required"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:280

msgid ""

":data:`~typing.Required` and :data:`~typing.NotRequired` provide a "

"straightforward way to mark whether individual items in a "

":class:`~typing.TypedDict` must be present. Previously, this was only "

"possible using inheritance."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:285

msgid ""

"All fields are still required by default, unless the *total* parameter is"

" set to ``False``, in which case all fields are still not-required by "

"default. For example, the following specifies a :class:`!TypedDict` with "

"one required and one not-required key::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:291

#, python-brace-format

msgid ""

"class Movie(TypedDict):\n"

" title: str\n"

" year: NotRequired[int]\n"

"\n"

"m1: Movie = {\"title\": \"Black Panther\", \"year\": 2018} # OK\n"

"m2: Movie = {\"title\": \"Star Wars\"} # OK (year is not required)\n"

"m3: Movie = {\"year\": 2022} # ERROR (missing required field title)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:299

msgid "The following definition is equivalent::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:301

msgid ""

"class Movie(TypedDict, total=False):\n"

" title: Required[str]\n"

" year: int"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:305

msgid "See :pep:`655` for more details."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:307

msgid ""

"(Contributed by David Foster and Jelle Zijlstra in :issue:`47087`. PEP "

"written by David Foster.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:314

msgid "PEP 673: ``Self`` type"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:316

msgid ""

"The new :data:`~typing.Self` annotation provides a simple and intuitive "

"way to annotate methods that return an instance of their class. This "

"behaves the same as the :class:`~typing.TypeVar`-based approach "

":pep:`specified in PEP 484 <484#annotating-instance-and-class-methods>`, "

"but is more concise and easier to follow."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:322

msgid ""

"Common use cases include alternative constructors provided as "

":func:`classmethod <classmethod>`\\s, and :meth:`~object.__enter__` "

"methods that return ``self``::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:326

msgid ""

"class MyLock:\n"

" def __enter__(self) -> Self:\n"

" self.lock()\n"

" return self\n"

"\n"

" ...\n"

"\n"

"class MyInt:\n"

" @classmethod\n"

" def fromhex(cls, s: str) -> Self:\n"

" return cls(int(s, 16))\n"

"\n"

" ..."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:340

msgid ""

":data:`~typing.Self` can also be used to annotate method parameters or "

"attributes of the same type as their enclosing class."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:343

msgid "See :pep:`673` for more details."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:345

msgid ""

"(Contributed by James Hilton-Balfe in :issue:`46534`. PEP written by "

"Pradeep Kumar Srinivasan and James Hilton-Balfe.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:352

msgid "PEP 675: Arbitrary literal string type"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:354

msgid ""

"The new :data:`~typing.LiteralString` annotation may be used to indicate "

"that a function parameter can be of any literal string type. This allows "

"a function to accept arbitrary literal string types, as well as strings "

"created from other literal strings. Type checkers can then enforce that "

"sensitive functions, such as those that execute SQL statements or shell "

"commands, are called only with static arguments, providing protection "

"against injection attacks."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:362

msgid "For example, a SQL query function could be annotated as follows::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:364

#, python-brace-format

msgid ""

"def run_query(sql: LiteralString) -> ...\n"

" ...\n"

"\n"

"def caller(\n"

" arbitrary_string: str,\n"

" query_string: LiteralString,\n"

" table_name: LiteralString,\n"

") -> None:\n"

" run_query(\"SELECT * FROM students\") # ok\n"

" run_query(query_string) # ok\n"

" run_query(\"SELECT * FROM \" + table_name) # ok\n"

" run_query(arbitrary_string) # type checker error\n"

" run_query( # type checker error\n"

" f\"SELECT * FROM students WHERE name = {arbitrary_string}\"\n"

" )"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:380

msgid "See :pep:`675` for more details."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:382

msgid ""

"(Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :issue:`47088`. PEP written by Pradeep "

"Kumar Srinivasan and Graham Bleaney.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:389

msgid "PEP 681: Data class transforms"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:391

msgid ""

":data:`~typing.dataclass_transform` may be used to decorate a class, "

"metaclass, or a function that is itself a decorator. The presence of "

"``@dataclass_transform()`` tells a static type checker that the decorated"

" object performs runtime \"magic\" that transforms a class, giving it "

":func:`dataclass <dataclasses.dataclass>`-like behaviors."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:397

msgid "For example::"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:399

msgid ""

"# The create_model decorator is defined by a library.\n"

"@typing.dataclass_transform()\n"

"def create_model(cls: Type[T]) -> Type[T]:\n"

" cls.__init__ = ...\n"

" cls.__eq__ = ...\n"

" cls.__ne__ = ...\n"

" return cls\n"

"\n"

"# The create_model decorator can now be used to create new model classes:"

"\n"

"@create_model\n"

"class CustomerModel:\n"

" id: int\n"

" name: str\n"

"\n"

"c = CustomerModel(id=327, name=\"Eric Idle\")"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:415

msgid "See :pep:`681` for more details."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:417

msgid ""

"(Contributed by Jelle Zijlstra in :gh:`91860`. PEP written by Erik De "

"Bonte and Eric Traut.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:424

msgid "PEP 563 may not be the future"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:426

msgid ""

":pep:`563` Postponed Evaluation of Annotations (the ``from __future__ "

"import annotations`` :ref:`future statement <future>`) that was "

"originally planned for release in Python 3.10 has been put on hold "

"indefinitely. See `this message from the Steering Council "

"<https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-"

"dev@python.org/message/VIZEBX5EYMSYIJNDBF6DMUMZOCWHARSO/>`__ for more "

"information."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:437

msgid "Other Language Changes"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:439

msgid ""

"Starred unpacking expressions can now be used in :keyword:`for` "

"statements. (See :issue:`46725` for more details.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:442

msgid ""

"Asynchronous :ref:`comprehensions <comprehensions>` are now allowed "

"inside comprehensions in :ref:`asynchronous functions <async def>`. Outer"

" comprehensions implicitly become asynchronous in this case. (Contributed"

" by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`33346`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:447

msgid ""

"A :exc:`TypeError` is now raised instead of an :exc:`AttributeError` in "

":keyword:`with` statements and :meth:`contextlib.ExitStack.enter_context`"

" for objects that do not support the :term:`context manager` protocol, "

"and in :keyword:`async with` statements and "

":meth:`contextlib.AsyncExitStack.enter_async_context` for objects not "

"supporting the :term:`asynchronous context manager` protocol. "

"(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`12022` and :issue:`44471`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:455

msgid ""

"Added :meth:`object.__getstate__`, which provides the default "

"implementation of the :meth:`!__getstate__` method. :mod:`copy`\\ing and "

":mod:`pickle`\\ing instances of subclasses of builtin types "

":class:`bytearray`, :class:`set`, :class:`frozenset`, "

":class:`collections.OrderedDict`, :class:`collections.deque`, "

":class:`weakref.WeakSet`, and :class:`datetime.tzinfo` now copies and "

"pickles instance attributes implemented as :term:`slots <__slots__>`. "

"This change has an unintended side effect: It trips up a small minority "

"of existing Python projects not expecting :meth:`object.__getstate__` to "

"exist. See the later comments on :gh:`70766` for discussions of what "

"workarounds such code may need. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in "

":issue:`26579`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:470

msgid ""

"Added a :option:`-P` command line option and a :envvar:`PYTHONSAFEPATH` "

"environment variable, which disable the automatic prepending to "

":data:`sys.path` of the script's directory when running a script, or the "

"current directory when using :option:`-c` and :option:`-m`. This ensures "

"only stdlib and installed modules are picked up by :keyword:`import`, and"

" avoids unintentionally or maliciously shadowing modules with those in a "

"local (and typically user-writable) directory. (Contributed by Victor "

"Stinner in :gh:`57684`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:481

msgid ""

"A ``\"z\"`` option was added to the :ref:`formatspec` that coerces "

"negative to positive zero after rounding to the format precision. See "

":pep:`682` for more details. (Contributed by John Belmonte in "

":gh:`90153`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:486

msgid ""

"Bytes are no longer accepted on :data:`sys.path`. Support broke sometime"

" between Python 3.2 and 3.6, with no one noticing until after Python "

"3.10.0 was released. In addition, bringing back support would be "

"problematic due to interactions between :option:`-b` and "

":data:`sys.path_importer_cache` when there is a mixture of :class:`str` "

"and :class:`bytes` keys. (Contributed by Thomas Grainger in :gh:`91181`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:497

msgid "Other CPython Implementation Changes"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:499

msgid ""

"The special methods :meth:`~object.__complex__` for :class:`complex` and "

":meth:`~object.__bytes__` for :class:`bytes` are implemented to support "

"the :class:`typing.SupportsComplex` and :class:`typing.SupportsBytes` "

"protocols. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson and Donghee Na in "

":issue:`24234`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:504

msgid ""

"``siphash13`` is added as a new internal hashing algorithm. It has "

"similar security properties as ``siphash24``, but it is slightly faster "

"for long inputs. :class:`str`, :class:`bytes`, and some other types now "

"use it as the default algorithm for :func:`hash`. :pep:`552` :ref:`hash-"

"based .pyc files <pyc-invalidation>` now use ``siphash13`` too. "

"(Contributed by Inada Naoki in :issue:`29410`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:513

msgid ""

"When an active exception is re-raised by a :keyword:`raise` statement "

"with no parameters, the traceback attached to this exception is now "

"always ``sys.exc_info()[1].__traceback__``. This means that changes made "

"to the traceback in the current :keyword:`except` clause are reflected in"

" the re-raised exception. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in "

":issue:`45711`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:519

msgid ""

"The interpreter state's representation of handled exceptions (aka "

"``exc_info`` or ``_PyErr_StackItem``) now only has the ``exc_value`` "

"field; ``exc_type`` and ``exc_traceback`` have been removed, as they can "

"be derived from ``exc_value``. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in "

":issue:`45711`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:525

msgid ""

"A new :ref:`command line option <install-quiet-option>`, ``AppendPath``, "

"has been added for the Windows installer. It behaves similarly to "

"``PrependPath``, but appends the install and scripts directories instead "

"of prepending them. (Contributed by Bastian Neuburger in :issue:`44934`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:531

msgid ""

"The :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths_set` field must now be set to"

" ``1`` for initialization to use :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths`"

" to initialize :data:`sys.path`. Otherwise, initialization will "

"recalculate the path and replace any values added to "

"``module_search_paths``."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:536

msgid ""

"The output of the :option:`--help` option now fits in 50 lines/80 "

"columns. Information about :ref:`Python environment variables <using-on-"

"envvars>` and :option:`-X` options is now available using the respective "

":option:`--help-env` and :option:`--help-xoptions` flags, and with the "

"new :option:`--help-all`. (Contributed by Éric Araujo in :issue:`46142`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:543

msgid ""

"Converting between :class:`int` and :class:`str` in bases other than 2 "

"(binary), 4, 8 (octal), 16 (hexadecimal), or 32 such as base 10 (decimal)"

" now raises a :exc:`ValueError` if the number of digits in string form is"

" above a limit to avoid potential denial of service attacks due to the "

"algorithmic complexity. This is a mitigation for :cve:`2020-10735`. This "

"limit can be configured or disabled by environment variable, command line"

" flag, or :mod:`sys` APIs. See the :ref:`integer string conversion length"

" limitation <int_max_str_digits>` documentation. The default limit is "

"4300 digits in string form."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:557

msgid "New Modules"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:559

msgid ""

":mod:`tomllib`: For parsing `TOML <https://toml.io/>`_. See :pep:`680` "

"for more details. (Contributed by Taneli Hukkinen in :issue:`40059`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:563

msgid ""

":mod:`wsgiref.types`: :pep:`WSGI <3333>`-specific types for static type "

"checking. (Contributed by Sebastian Rittau in :issue:`42012`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:571

msgid "Improved Modules"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:576

msgid "asyncio"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:578

msgid ""

"Added the :class:`~asyncio.TaskGroup` class, an :ref:`asynchronous "

"context manager <async-context-managers>` holding a group of tasks that "

"will wait for all of them upon exit. For new code this is recommended "

"over using :func:`~asyncio.create_task` and :func:`~asyncio.gather` "

"directly. (Contributed by Yury Selivanov and others in :gh:`90908`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:585

msgid ""

"Added :func:`~asyncio.timeout`, an asynchronous context manager for "

"setting a timeout on asynchronous operations. For new code this is "

"recommended over using :func:`~asyncio.wait_for` directly. (Contributed "

"by Andrew Svetlov in :gh:`90927`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:590

msgid ""

"Added the :class:`~asyncio.Runner` class, which exposes the machinery "

"used by :func:`~asyncio.run`. (Contributed by Andrew Svetlov in "

":gh:`91218`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:594

msgid ""

"Added the :class:`~asyncio.Barrier` class to the synchronization "

"primitives in the asyncio library, and the related "

":exc:`~asyncio.BrokenBarrierError` exception. (Contributed by Yves Duprat"

" and Andrew Svetlov in :gh:`87518`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:599

msgid ""

"Added keyword argument *all_errors* to "

":meth:`asyncio.loop.create_connection` so that multiple connection errors"

" can be raised as an :exc:`ExceptionGroup`."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:602

msgid ""

"Added the :meth:`asyncio.StreamWriter.start_tls` method for upgrading "

"existing stream-based connections to TLS. (Contributed by Ian Good in "

":issue:`34975`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:606

msgid ""

"Added raw datagram socket functions to the event loop: "

":meth:`~asyncio.loop.sock_sendto`, :meth:`~asyncio.loop.sock_recvfrom` "

"and :meth:`~asyncio.loop.sock_recvfrom_into`. These have implementations "

"in :class:`~asyncio.SelectorEventLoop` and "

":class:`~asyncio.ProactorEventLoop`. (Contributed by Alex Grönholm in "

":issue:`46805`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:614

msgid ""

"Added :meth:`~asyncio.Task.cancelling` and :meth:`~asyncio.Task.uncancel`"

" methods to :class:`~asyncio.Task`. These are primarily intended for "

"internal use, notably by :class:`~asyncio.TaskGroup`."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:623

msgid "contextlib"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:625

msgid ""

"Added non parallel-safe :func:`~contextlib.chdir` context manager to "

"change the current working directory and then restore it on exit. Simple "

"wrapper around :func:`~os.chdir`. (Contributed by Filipe Laíns in "

":issue:`25625`)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:633

msgid "dataclasses"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:635

msgid ""

"Change field default mutability check, allowing only defaults which are "

":term:`hashable` instead of any object which is not an instance of "

":class:`dict`, :class:`list` or :class:`set`. (Contributed by Eric V. "

"Smith in :issue:`44674`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:644

msgid "datetime"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:646

msgid ""

"Add :const:`datetime.UTC`, a convenience alias for "

":attr:`datetime.timezone.utc`. (Contributed by Kabir Kwatra in "

":gh:`91973`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:649

msgid ""

":meth:`datetime.date.fromisoformat`, :meth:`datetime.time.fromisoformat` "

"and :meth:`datetime.datetime.fromisoformat` can now be used to parse most"

" ISO 8601 formats (barring only those that support fractional hours and "

"minutes). (Contributed by Paul Ganssle in :gh:`80010`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:658

msgid "enum"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:660

msgid ""

"Renamed :class:`!EnumMeta` to :class:`~enum.EnumType` (:class:`!EnumMeta`"

" kept as an alias)."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:663

msgid ""

"Added :class:`~enum.StrEnum`, with members that can be used as (and must "

"be) strings."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:666

msgid ""

"Added :class:`~enum.ReprEnum`, which only modifies the "

":meth:`~object.__repr__` of members while returning their literal values "

"(rather than names) for :meth:`~object.__str__` and "

":meth:`~object.__format__` (used by :func:`str`, :func:`format` and "

":term:`f-string`\\s)."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:672

msgid ""

"Changed :meth:`Enum.__format__() <enum.Enum.__format__>` (the default for"

" :func:`format`, :meth:`str.format` and :term:`f-string`\\s) to always "

"produce the same result as :meth:`Enum.__str__() <enum.Enum.__str__>`: "

"for enums inheriting from :class:`~enum.ReprEnum` it will be the member's"

" value; for all other enums it will be the enum and member name (e.g. "

"``Color.RED``)."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:678

msgid ""

"Added a new *boundary* class parameter to :class:`~enum.Flag` enums and "

"the :class:`~enum.FlagBoundary` enum with its options, to control how to "

"handle out-of-range flag values."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:682

msgid ""

"Added the :func:`~enum.verify` enum decorator and the "

":class:`~enum.EnumCheck` enum with its options, to check enum classes "

"against several specific constraints."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:686

msgid ""

"Added the :func:`~enum.member` and :func:`~enum.nonmember` decorators, to"

" ensure the decorated object is/is not converted to an enum member."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:689

msgid ""

"Added the :func:`~enum.property` decorator, which works like "

":func:`property` except for enums. Use this instead of "

":func:`types.DynamicClassAttribute`."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:693

msgid ""

"Added the :func:`~enum.global_enum` enum decorator, which adjusts "

":meth:`~object.__repr__` and :meth:`~object.__str__` to show values as "

"members of their module rather than the enum class. For example, "

"``'re.ASCII'`` for the :const:`~re.ASCII` member of :class:`re.RegexFlag`"

" rather than ``'RegexFlag.ASCII'``."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:699

msgid ""

"Enhanced :class:`~enum.Flag` to support :func:`len`, iteration and "

":keyword:`in`/:keyword:`not in` on its members. For example, the "

"following now works: ``len(AFlag(3)) == 2 and list(AFlag(3)) == "

"(AFlag.ONE, AFlag.TWO)``"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:704

msgid ""

"Changed :class:`~enum.Enum` and :class:`~enum.Flag` so that members are "

"now defined before :meth:`~object.__init_subclass__` is called; "

":func:`dir` now includes methods, etc., from mixed-in data types."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:709

msgid ""

"Changed :class:`~enum.Flag` to only consider primary values (power of "

"two) canonical while composite values (``3``, ``6``, ``10``, etc.) are "

"considered aliases; inverted flags are coerced to their positive "

"equivalent."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:718

msgid "fcntl"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:720

msgid ""

"On FreeBSD, the :data:`!F_DUP2FD` and :data:`!F_DUP2FD_CLOEXEC` flags "

"respectively are supported, the former equals to ``dup2`` usage while the"

" latter set the ``FD_CLOEXEC`` flag in addition."

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:728

msgid "fractions"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:730

msgid ""

"Support :PEP:`515`-style initialization of :class:`~fractions.Fraction` "

"from string. (Contributed by Sergey B Kirpichev in :issue:`44258`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:733

msgid ""

":class:`~fractions.Fraction` now implements an ``__int__`` method, so "

"that an ``isinstance(some_fraction, typing.SupportsInt)`` check passes. "

"(Contributed by Mark Dickinson in :issue:`44547`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:741

msgid "functools"

msgstr ""

#: ../../whatsnew/3.11.rst:743

msgid ""

":func:`functools.singledispatch` now supports :data:`types.UnionType` and"

" :data:`typing.Union` as annotations to the dispatch argument.::"

msgstr ""