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#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:3

msgid "What's New In Python 3.6"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst

msgid "Editors"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:5

msgid "Elvis Pranskevichus <elvis@magic.io>, Yury Selivanov <yury@magic.io>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:47

msgid ""

"This article explains the new features in Python 3.6, compared to 3.5. "

"Python 3.6 was released on December 23, 2016.  See the `changelog <https://"

"docs.python.org/3.6/whatsnew/changelog.html>`_ for a full list of changes."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:54

msgid ":pep:`494` - Python 3.6 Release Schedule"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:58

msgid "Summary -- Release highlights"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:60

msgid "New syntax features:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:62

msgid ":ref:`PEP 498 <whatsnew36-pep498>`, formatted string literals."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:64

msgid ":ref:`PEP 515 <whatsnew36-pep515>`, underscores in numeric literals."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:66

msgid ":ref:`PEP 526 <whatsnew36-pep526>`, syntax for variable annotations."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:68

msgid ":ref:`PEP 525 <whatsnew36-pep525>`, asynchronous generators."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:70

msgid ":ref:`PEP 530 <whatsnew36-pep530>`: asynchronous comprehensions."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:73

msgid "New library modules:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:75

msgid ""

":mod:`secrets`: :ref:`PEP 506 -- Adding A Secrets Module To The Standard "

"Library <whatsnew36-pep506>`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:78

msgid "CPython implementation improvements:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:80

#, python-format

msgid ""

"The :ref:`dict <typesmapping>` type has been reimplemented to use a :ref:"

"`more compact representation <whatsnew36-compactdict>` based on `a proposal "

"by Raymond Hettinger <https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2012-"

"December/123028.html>`_ and similar to the `PyPy dict implementation`_. "

"This resulted in dictionaries using 20% to 25% less memory when compared to "

"Python 3.5."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:87

msgid ""

"Customization of class creation has been simplified with the :ref:`new "

"protocol <whatsnew36-pep487>`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:90

msgid ""

"The class attribute definition order is :ref:`now preserved <whatsnew36-"

"pep520>`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:93

msgid ""

"The order of elements in ``**kwargs`` now :ref:`corresponds to the order "

"<whatsnew36-pep468>` in which keyword arguments were passed to the function."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:97

msgid ""

"DTrace and SystemTap :ref:`probing support <whatsnew36-tracing>` has been "

"added."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:100

msgid ""

"The new :ref:`PYTHONMALLOC <whatsnew36-pythonmalloc>` environment variable "

"can now be used to debug the interpreter memory allocation and access errors."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:105

msgid "Significant improvements in the standard library:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:107

msgid ""

"The :mod:`asyncio` module has received new features, significant usability "

"and performance improvements, and a fair amount of bug fixes. Starting with "

"Python 3.6 the ``asyncio`` module is no longer provisional and its API is "

"considered stable."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:112

msgid ""

"A new :ref:`file system path protocol <whatsnew36-pep519>` has been "

"implemented to support :term:`path-like objects <path-like object>`. All "

"standard library functions operating on paths have been updated to work with "

"the new protocol."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:117

msgid ""

"The :mod:`datetime` module has gained support for :ref:`Local Time "

"Disambiguation <whatsnew36-pep495>`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:120

msgid ""

"The :mod:`typing` module received a number of :ref:`improvements <whatsnew36-"

"typing>`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:123

msgid ""

"The :mod:`tracemalloc` module has been significantly reworked and is now "

"used to provide better output for :exc:`ResourceWarning` as well as provide "

"better diagnostics for memory allocation errors. See the :ref:`PYTHONMALLOC "

"section <whatsnew36-pythonmalloc>` for more information."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:130

msgid "Security improvements:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:132

msgid ""

"The new :mod:`secrets` module has been added to simplify the generation of "

"cryptographically strong pseudo-random numbers suitable for managing secrets "

"such as account authentication, tokens, and similar."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:136 ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:1283

msgid ""

"On Linux, :func:`os.urandom` now blocks until the system urandom entropy "

"pool is initialized to increase the security. See the :pep:`524` for the "

"rationale."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:140

msgid "The :mod:`hashlib` and :mod:`ssl` modules now support OpenSSL 1.1.0."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:142

msgid ""

"The default settings and feature set of the :mod:`ssl` module have been "

"improved."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:145

msgid ""

"The :mod:`hashlib` module received support for the BLAKE2, SHA-3 and SHAKE "

"hash algorithms and the :func:`~hashlib.scrypt` key derivation function."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:149

msgid "Windows improvements:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:151

msgid ""

":ref:`PEP 528 <whatsnew36-pep528>` and :ref:`PEP 529 <whatsnew36-pep529>`, "

"Windows filesystem and console encoding changed to UTF-8."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:154

msgid ""

"The ``py.exe`` launcher, when used interactively, no longer prefers Python 2 "

"over Python 3 when the user doesn't specify a version (via command line "

"arguments or a config file). Handling of shebang lines remains unchanged - "

"\"python\" refers to Python 2 in that case."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:159

msgid ""

"``python.exe`` and ``pythonw.exe`` have been marked as long-path aware, "

"which means that the 260 character path limit may no longer apply. See :ref:"

"`removing the MAX_PATH limitation <max-path>` for details."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:163

msgid ""

"A ``._pth`` file can be added to force isolated mode and fully specify all "

"search paths to avoid registry and environment lookup. See :ref:`the "

"documentation <finding_modules>` for more information."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:167

msgid ""

"A ``python36.zip`` file now works as a landmark to infer :envvar:"

"`PYTHONHOME`. See :ref:`the documentation <finding_modules>` for more "

"information."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:176

msgid "New Features"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:181

msgid "PEP 498: Formatted string literals"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:183

msgid ""

":pep:`498` introduces a new kind of string literals: *f-strings*, or :ref:"

"`formatted string literals <f-strings>`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:186

msgid ""

"Formatted string literals are prefixed with ``'f'`` and are similar to the "

"format strings accepted by :meth:`str.format`. They contain replacement "

"fields surrounded by curly braces. The replacement fields are expressions, "

"which are evaluated at run time, and then formatted using the :func:`format` "

"protocol::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:204

msgid ":pep:`498` -- Literal String Interpolation."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:204

msgid "PEP written and implemented by Eric V. Smith."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:206

msgid ":ref:`Feature documentation <f-strings>`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:212

msgid "PEP 526: Syntax for variable annotations"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:214

msgid ""

":pep:`484` introduced the standard for type annotations of function "

"parameters, a.k.a. type hints. This PEP adds syntax to Python for annotating "

"the types of variables including class variables and instance variables::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:225

msgid ""

"Just as for function annotations, the Python interpreter does not attach any "

"particular meaning to variable annotations and only stores them in the "

"``__annotations__`` attribute of a class or module."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:229

msgid ""

"In contrast to variable declarations in statically typed languages, the goal "

"of annotation syntax is to provide an easy way to specify structured type "

"metadata for third party tools and libraries via the abstract syntax tree "

"and the ``__annotations__`` attribute."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:238

msgid ":pep:`526` -- Syntax for variable annotations."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:237

msgid ""

"PEP written by Ryan Gonzalez, Philip House, Ivan Levkivskyi, Lisa Roach, and "

"Guido van Rossum. Implemented by Ivan Levkivskyi."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:240

msgid ""

"Tools that use or will use the new syntax: `mypy <http://www.mypy-lang.org/"

">`_, `pytype <https://github.com/google/pytype>`_, PyCharm, etc."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:248

msgid "PEP 515: Underscores in Numeric Literals"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:250

msgid ""

":pep:`515` adds the ability to use underscores in numeric literals for "

"improved readability. For example::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:258

msgid ""

"Single underscores are allowed between digits and after any base specifier. "

"Leading, trailing, or multiple underscores in a row are not allowed."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:262

msgid ""

"The :ref:`string formatting <formatspec>` language also now has support for "

"the ``'_'`` option to signal the use of an underscore for a thousands "

"separator for floating point presentation types and for integer presentation "

"type ``'d'``. For integer presentation types ``'b'``, ``'o'``, ``'x'``, and "

"``'X'``, underscores will be inserted every 4 digits::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:276

msgid ":pep:`515` -- Underscores in Numeric Literals"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:277

msgid "PEP written by Georg Brandl and Serhiy Storchaka."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:283

msgid "PEP 525: Asynchronous Generators"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:285

msgid ""

":pep:`492` introduced support for native coroutines and ``async`` / "

"``await`` syntax to Python 3.5. A notable limitation of the Python 3.5 "

"implementation is that it was not possible to use ``await`` and ``yield`` in "

"the same function body. In Python 3.6 this restriction has been lifted, "

"making it possible to define *asynchronous generators*::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:297

msgid "The new syntax allows for faster and more concise code."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:301

msgid ":pep:`525` -- Asynchronous Generators"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:302 ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:323

msgid "PEP written and implemented by Yury Selivanov."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:308

msgid "PEP 530: Asynchronous Comprehensions"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:310

msgid ""

":pep:`530` adds support for using ``async for`` in list, set, dict "

"comprehensions and generator expressions::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:315

msgid ""

"Additionally, ``await`` expressions are supported in all kinds of "

"comprehensions::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:322

msgid ":pep:`530` -- Asynchronous Comprehensions"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:329

msgid "PEP 487: Simpler customization of class creation"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:331

msgid ""

"It is now possible to customize subclass creation without using a metaclass. "

"The new ``__init_subclass__`` classmethod will be called on the base class "

"whenever a new subclass is created::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:348

msgid ""

"In order to allow zero-argument :func:`super` calls to work correctly from :"

"meth:`~object.__init_subclass__` implementations, custom metaclasses must "

"ensure that the new ``__classcell__`` namespace entry is propagated to "

"``type.__new__`` (as described in :ref:`class-object-creation`)."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:356 ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:394

msgid ":pep:`487` -- Simpler customization of class creation"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:356 ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:394

msgid "PEP written and implemented by Martin Teichmann."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:358

msgid ":ref:`Feature documentation <class-customization>`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:364

msgid "PEP 487: Descriptor Protocol Enhancements"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:366

msgid ""

":pep:`487` extends the descriptor protocol to include the new optional :meth:"

"`~object.__set_name__` method. Whenever a new class is defined, the new "

"method will be called on all descriptors included in the definition, "

"providing them with a reference to the class being defined and the name "

"given to the descriptor within the class namespace. In other words, "

"instances of descriptors can now know the attribute name of the descriptor "

"in the owner class::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:396

msgid ":ref:`Feature documentation <descriptors>`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:402

msgid "PEP 519: Adding a file system path protocol"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:404

msgid ""

"File system paths have historically been represented as :class:`str` or :"

"class:`bytes` objects. This has led to people who write code which operate "

"on file system paths to assume that such objects are only one of those two "

"types (an :class:`int` representing a file descriptor does not count as that "

"is not a file path). Unfortunately that assumption prevents alternative "

"object representations of file system paths like :mod:`pathlib` from working "

"with pre-existing code, including Python's standard library."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:413

msgid ""

"To fix this situation, a new interface represented by :class:`os.PathLike` "

"has been defined. By implementing the :meth:`~os.PathLike.__fspath__` "

"method, an object signals that it represents a path. An object can then "

"provide a low-level representation of a file system path as a :class:`str` "

"or :class:`bytes` object. This means an object is considered :term:`path-"

"like <path-like object>` if it implements :class:`os.PathLike` or is a :"

"class:`str` or :class:`bytes` object which represents a file system path. "

"Code can use :func:`os.fspath`, :func:`os.fsdecode`, or :func:`os.fsencode` "

"to explicitly get a :class:`str` and/or :class:`bytes` representation of a "

"path-like object."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:426

msgid ""

"The built-in :func:`open` function has been updated to accept :class:`os."

"PathLike` objects, as have all relevant functions in the :mod:`os` and :mod:"

"`os.path` modules, and most other functions and classes in the standard "

"library. The :class:`os.DirEntry` class and relevant classes in :mod:"

"`pathlib` have also been updated to implement :class:`os.PathLike`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:433

msgid ""

"The hope is that updating the fundamental functions for operating on file "

"system paths will lead to third-party code to implicitly support all :term:"

"`path-like objects <path-like object>` without any code changes, or at least "

"very minimal ones (e.g. calling :func:`os.fspath` at the beginning of code "

"before operating on a path-like object)."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:440

msgid ""

"Here are some examples of how the new interface allows for :class:`pathlib."

"Path` to be used more easily and transparently with pre-existing code::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:457

msgid ""

"(Implemented by Brett Cannon, Ethan Furman, Dusty Phillips, and Jelle "

"Zijlstra.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:461

msgid ":pep:`519` -- Adding a file system path protocol"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:462

msgid "PEP written by Brett Cannon and Koos Zevenhoven."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:468

msgid "PEP 495: Local Time Disambiguation"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:470

msgid ""

"In most world locations, there have been and will be times when local clocks "

"are moved back. In those times, intervals are introduced in which local "

"clocks show the same time twice in the same day. In these situations, the "

"information displayed on a local clock (or stored in a Python datetime "

"instance) is insufficient to identify a particular moment in time."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:476

msgid ""

":pep:`495` adds the new *fold* attribute to instances of :class:`datetime."

"datetime` and :class:`datetime.time` classes to differentiate between two "

"moments in time for which local times are the same::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:491

msgid ""

"The values of the :attr:`fold <datetime.datetime.fold>` attribute have the "

"value ``0`` for all instances except those that represent the second "

"(chronologically) moment in time in an ambiguous case."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:498

msgid ":pep:`495` -- Local Time Disambiguation"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:498

msgid ""

"PEP written by Alexander Belopolsky and Tim Peters, implementation by "

"Alexander Belopolsky."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:505

msgid "PEP 529: Change Windows filesystem encoding to UTF-8"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:507

msgid ""

"Representing filesystem paths is best performed with str (Unicode) rather "

"than bytes. However, there are some situations where using bytes is "

"sufficient and correct."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:511

msgid ""

"Prior to Python 3.6, data loss could result when using bytes paths on "

"Windows. With this change, using bytes to represent paths is now supported "

"on Windows, provided those bytes are encoded with the encoding returned by :"

"func:`sys.getfilesystemencoding()`, which now defaults to ``'utf-8'``."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:516

msgid ""

"Applications that do not use str to represent paths should use :func:`os."

"fsencode()` and :func:`os.fsdecode()` to ensure their bytes are correctly "

"encoded. To revert to the previous behaviour, set :envvar:"

"`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` or call :func:`sys."

"_enablelegacywindowsfsencoding`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:522

msgid ""

"See :pep:`529` for more information and discussion of code modifications "

"that may be required."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:529

msgid "PEP 528: Change Windows console encoding to UTF-8"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:531

msgid ""

"The default console on Windows will now accept all Unicode characters and "

"provide correctly read str objects to Python code. ``sys.stdin``, ``sys."

"stdout`` and ``sys.stderr`` now default to utf-8 encoding."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:535

msgid ""

"This change only applies when using an interactive console, and not when "

"redirecting files or pipes. To revert to the previous behaviour for "

"interactive console use, set :envvar:`PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:541

msgid ":pep:`528` -- Change Windows console encoding to UTF-8"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:542

msgid "PEP written and implemented by Steve Dower."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:548

msgid "PEP 520: Preserving Class Attribute Definition Order"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:550

msgid ""

"Attributes in a class definition body have a natural ordering: the same "

"order in which the names appear in the source. This order is now preserved "

"in the new class's :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:554

msgid ""

"Also, the effective default class *execution* namespace (returned from :ref:"

"`type.__prepare__() <prepare>`) is now an insertion-order-preserving mapping."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:560

msgid ":pep:`520` -- Preserving Class Attribute Definition Order"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:561 ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:575

msgid "PEP written and implemented by Eric Snow."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:567

msgid "PEP 468: Preserving Keyword Argument Order"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:569

msgid ""

"``**kwargs`` in a function signature is now guaranteed to be an insertion-"

"order-preserving mapping."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:574

msgid ":pep:`468` -- Preserving Keyword Argument Order"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:581

msgid "New :ref:`dict <typesmapping>` implementation"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:583

#, python-format

msgid ""

"The :ref:`dict <typesmapping>` type now uses a \"compact\" representation "

"based on `a proposal by Raymond Hettinger <https://mail.python.org/pipermail/"

"python-dev/2012-December/123028.html>`_ which was `first implemented by PyPy "

"<https://morepypy.blogspot.com/2015/01/faster-more-memory-efficient-and-more."

"html>`_. The memory usage of the new :func:`dict` is between 20% and 25% "

"smaller compared to Python 3.5."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:591

msgid ""

"The order-preserving aspect of this new implementation is considered an "

"implementation detail and should not be relied upon (this may change in the "

"future, but it is desired to have this new dict implementation in the "

"language for a few releases before changing the language spec to mandate "

"order-preserving semantics for all current and future Python "

"implementations; this also helps preserve backwards-compatibility with older "

"versions of the language where random iteration order is still in effect, e."

"g. Python 3.5)."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:600

msgid ""

"(Contributed by INADA Naoki in :issue:`27350`. Idea `originally suggested by "

"Raymond Hettinger <https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2012-"

"December/123028.html>`_.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:608

msgid "PEP 523: Adding a frame evaluation API to CPython"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:610

msgid ""

"While Python provides extensive support to customize how code executes, one "

"place it has not done so is in the evaluation of frame objects. If you "

"wanted some way to intercept frame evaluation in Python there really wasn't "

"any way without directly manipulating function pointers for defined "

"functions."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:616

msgid ""

":pep:`523` changes this by providing an API to make frame evaluation "

"pluggable at the C level. This will allow for tools such as debuggers and "

"JITs to intercept frame evaluation before the execution of Python code "

"begins. This enables the use of alternative evaluation implementations for "

"Python code, tracking frame evaluation, etc."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:623

msgid ""

"This API is not part of the limited C API and is marked as private to signal "

"that usage of this API is expected to be limited and only applicable to very "

"select, low-level use-cases. Semantics of the API will change with Python as "

"necessary."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:630

msgid ":pep:`523` -- Adding a frame evaluation API to CPython"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:631

msgid "PEP written by Brett Cannon and Dino Viehland."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:637

msgid "PYTHONMALLOC environment variable"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:639

msgid ""

"The new :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable allows setting the "

"Python memory allocators and installing debug hooks."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:642

msgid ""

"It is now possible to install debug hooks on Python memory allocators on "

"Python compiled in release mode using ``PYTHONMALLOC=debug``. Effects of "

"debug hooks:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:645

msgid "Newly allocated memory is filled with the byte ``0xCB``"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:646

msgid "Freed memory is filled with the byte ``0xDB``"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:647

msgid ""

"Detect violations of the Python memory allocator API. For example, :c:func:"

"`PyObject_Free` called on a memory block allocated by :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:650

msgid "Detect writes before the start of a buffer (buffer underflows)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:651

msgid "Detect writes after the end of a buffer (buffer overflows)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:652

msgid ""

"Check that the :term:`GIL <global interpreter lock>` is held when allocator "

"functions of :c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (ex: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) and :"

"c:data:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (ex: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) domains are called."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:656

msgid "Checking if the GIL is held is also a new feature of Python 3.6."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:658

msgid ""

"See the :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function for debug hooks on Python "

"memory allocators."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:661

msgid ""

"It is now also possible to force the usage of the :c:func:`malloc` allocator "

"of the C library for all Python memory allocations using "

"``PYTHONMALLOC=malloc``. This is helpful when using external memory "

"debuggers like Valgrind on a Python compiled in release mode."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:666

msgid ""

"On error, the debug hooks on Python memory allocators now use the :mod:"

"`tracemalloc` module to get the traceback where a memory block was allocated."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:670

msgid ""

"Example of fatal error on buffer overflow using ``python3.6 -X "

"tracemalloc=5`` (store 5 frames in traces)::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:707

msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`26516` and :issue:`26564`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:713

msgid "DTrace and SystemTap probing support"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:715

msgid ""

"Python can now be built ``--with-dtrace`` which enables static markers for "

"the following events in the interpreter:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:718

msgid "function call/return"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:720

msgid "garbage collection started/finished"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:722

msgid "line of code executed."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:724

msgid ""

"This can be used to instrument running interpreters in production, without "

"the need to recompile specific debug builds or providing application-"

"specific profiling/debugging code."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:728

msgid "More details in :ref:`instrumentation`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:730

msgid ""

"The current implementation is tested on Linux and macOS. Additional markers "

"may be added in the future."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:733

msgid ""

"(Contributed by Łukasz Langa in :issue:`21590`, based on patches by Jesús "

"Cea Avión, David Malcolm, and Nikhil Benesch.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:738

msgid "Other Language Changes"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:740

msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:742

msgid ""

"A ``global`` or ``nonlocal`` statement must now textually appear before the "

"first use of the affected name in the same scope. Previously this was a :exc:"

"`SyntaxWarning`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:746

msgid ""

"It is now possible to set a :ref:`special method <specialnames>` to ``None`` "

"to indicate that the corresponding operation is not available. For example, "

"if a class sets :meth:`__iter__` to ``None``, the class is not iterable. "

"(Contributed by Andrew Barnert and Ivan Levkivskyi in :issue:`25958`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:752

msgid ""

"Long sequences of repeated traceback lines are now abbreviated as ``"

"\"[Previous line repeated {count} more times]\"`` (see :ref:`whatsnew36-"

"traceback` for an example). (Contributed by Emanuel Barry in :issue:`26823`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:757

msgid ""

"Import now raises the new exception :exc:`ModuleNotFoundError` (subclass of :"

"exc:`ImportError`) when it cannot find a module. Code that currently checks "

"for ImportError (in try-except) will still work. (Contributed by Eric Snow "

"in :issue:`15767`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:762

msgid ""

"Class methods relying on zero-argument ``super()`` will now work correctly "

"when called from metaclass methods during class creation. (Contributed by "

"Martin Teichmann in :issue:`23722`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:768

msgid "New Modules"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:773

msgid "secrets"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:775

msgid ""

"The main purpose of the new :mod:`secrets` module is to provide an obvious "

"way to reliably generate cryptographically strong pseudo-random values "

"suitable for managing secrets, such as account authentication, tokens, and "

"similar."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:781

msgid ""

"Note that the pseudo-random generators in the :mod:`random` module should "

"*NOT* be used for security purposes. Use :mod:`secrets` on Python 3.6+ and :"

"func:`os.urandom()` on Python 3.5 and earlier."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:787

msgid ":pep:`506` -- Adding A Secrets Module To The Standard Library"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:788

msgid "PEP written and implemented by Steven D'Aprano."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:792

msgid "Improved Modules"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:795

msgid "array"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:797

msgid ""

"Exhausted iterators of :class:`array.array` will now stay exhausted even if "

"the iterated array is extended. This is consistent with the behavior of "

"other mutable sequences."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:801

msgid "Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`26492`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:804

msgid "ast"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:806

msgid ""

"The new :class:`ast.Constant` AST node has been added. It can be used by "

"external AST optimizers for the purposes of constant folding."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:809

msgid "Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`26146`."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:813

msgid "asyncio"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:815

msgid ""

"Starting with Python 3.6 the ``asyncio`` module is no longer provisional and "

"its API is considered stable."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:818

msgid ""

"Notable changes in the :mod:`asyncio` module since Python 3.5.0 (all "

"backported to 3.5.x due to the provisional status):"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:821

msgid ""

"The :func:`~asyncio.get_event_loop` function has been changed to always "

"return the currently running loop when called from coroutines and callbacks. "

"(Contributed by Yury Selivanov in :issue:`28613`.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:826

msgid ""

"The :func:`~asyncio.ensure_future` function and all functions that use it, "

"such as :meth:`loop.run_until_complete() <asyncio.loop.run_until_complete>`, "

"now accept all kinds of :term:`awaitable objects <awaitable>`. (Contributed "

"by Yury Selivanov.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:831

msgid ""

"New :func:`~asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe` function to submit coroutines "

"to event loops from other threads. (Contributed by Vincent Michel.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:835

msgid ""

"New :meth:`Transport.is_closing() <asyncio.BaseTransport.is_closing>` method "

"to check if the transport is closing or closed. (Contributed by Yury "

"Selivanov.)"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst:839