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msgid ""

msgstr ""

"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.8\n"

"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"

"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-11-21 16:38-0300\n"

"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-08-07 16:58+0200\n"

"Last-Translator: Cristián Maureira-Fredes <cmaureirafredes@gmail.com>\n"

"Language: es\n"

"Language-Team: python-doc-es\n"

"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"

"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"

"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"

"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

"Generated-By: Babel 2.16.0\n"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:2

#, fuzzy

msgid ":mod:`!ctypes` --- A foreign function library for Python"

msgstr ":mod:`ctypes` --- Una biblioteca de funciones foráneas para Python"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:9

msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/ctypes`"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:13

msgid ""

":mod:`ctypes` is a foreign function library for Python. It provides C "

"compatible data types, and allows calling functions in DLLs or shared "

"libraries. It can be used to wrap these libraries in pure Python."

msgstr ""

":mod:`ctypes` es una biblioteca de funciones foráneas para Python. "

"Proporciona tipos de datos compatibles con C y permite llamar a funciones en "

"archivos DLL o bibliotecas compartidas. Se puede utilizar para envolver "

"estas bibliotecas en Python puro."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:21

msgid "ctypes tutorial"

msgstr "tutorial de ctypes"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:23

msgid ""

"Note: The code samples in this tutorial use :mod:`doctest` to make sure that "

"they actually work. Since some code samples behave differently under Linux, "

"Windows, or macOS, they contain doctest directives in comments."

msgstr ""

"Nota: Los ejemplos de código en este tutorial usan :mod:`doctest` para "

"asegurarse de que realmente funcionen. Dado que algunos ejemplos de código "

"se comportan de manera diferente en Linux, Windows o macOS, contienen "

"directivas doctest en los comentarios."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:27

msgid ""

"Note: Some code samples reference the ctypes :class:`c_int` type. On "

"platforms where ``sizeof(long) == sizeof(int)`` it is an alias to :class:"

"`c_long`. So, you should not be confused if :class:`c_long` is printed if "

"you would expect :class:`c_int` --- they are actually the same type."

msgstr ""

"Nota: Algunos ejemplos de código hacen referencia al tipo ctypes :class:"

"`c_int`. En las plataformas donde ``sizeof(long) == sizeof(int)`` es un "

"alias de :class:`c_long`. Por lo tanto, no debe confundirse si :class:"

"`c_long` se imprime si espera :class:`c_int` --- son en realidad del mismo "

"tipo."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:35

msgid "Loading dynamic link libraries"

msgstr "Carga de bibliotecas de enlaces dinámicos"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:37

msgid ""

":mod:`ctypes` exports the *cdll*, and on Windows *windll* and *oledll* "

"objects, for loading dynamic link libraries."

msgstr ""

":mod:`ctypes` exporta los objetos *cdll* y en Windows *windll* y *oledll*, "

"para cargar bibliotecas de enlaces dinámicos."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:40

#, fuzzy

msgid ""

"You load libraries by accessing them as attributes of these objects. *cdll* "

"loads libraries which export functions using the standard ``cdecl`` calling "

"convention, while *windll* libraries call functions using the ``stdcall`` "

"calling convention. *oledll* also uses the ``stdcall`` calling convention, "

"and assumes the functions return a Windows :c:type:`!HRESULT` error code. "

"The error code is used to automatically raise an :class:`OSError` exception "

"when the function call fails."

msgstr ""

"Las bibliotecas se cargan accediendo a ellas como atributos de estos "

"objetos. *cdll* carga bibliotecas que exportan funciones utilizando la "

"convención de llamada estándar ``cdecl``, mientras que las bibliotecas "

"*windll* llaman a funciones mediante la convención de llamada ``stdcall``. "

"*oledll* también utiliza la convención de llamada ``stdcall`` y asume que "

"las funciones retornan un código de error Windows :c:type:`HRESULT`. El "

"código de error se utiliza para generar automáticamente una excepción :class:"

"`OSError` cuando se produce un error en la llamada a la función."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:48

msgid ""

"Windows errors used to raise :exc:`WindowsError`, which is now an alias of :"

"exc:`OSError`."

msgstr ""

"Los errores de Windows solían generar :exc:`WindowsError`, que ahora es un "

"alias de :exc:`OSError`."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:53

#, fuzzy

msgid ""

"Here are some examples for Windows. Note that ``msvcrt`` is the MS standard "

"C library containing most standard C functions, and uses the ``cdecl`` "

"calling convention::"

msgstr ""

"Estos son algunos ejemplos para Windows. Tener en cuenta que ''msvcrt'' es "

"la biblioteca estándar de MS C que contiene la mayoría de las funciones C "

"estándar y utiliza la convención de llamada cdecl::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:57

msgid ""

">>> from ctypes import *\n"

">>> print(windll.kernel32) \n"

"<WinDLL 'kernel32', handle ... at ...>\n"

">>> print(cdll.msvcrt) \n"

"<CDLL 'msvcrt', handle ... at ...>\n"

">>> libc = cdll.msvcrt \n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:65

msgid "Windows appends the usual ``.dll`` file suffix automatically."

msgstr "Windows agrega automáticamente la extensión común ``.dll``."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:68

msgid ""

"Accessing the standard C library through ``cdll.msvcrt`` will use an "

"outdated version of the library that may be incompatible with the one being "

"used by Python. Where possible, use native Python functionality, or else "

"import and use the ``msvcrt`` module."

msgstr ""

"Acceder a la biblioteca estándar de C a través de ``cdll.msvcrt`` utilizará "

"una versión obsoleta de la biblioteca que puede ser incompatible con la "

"utilizada por Python. Cuando sea posible, use la funcionalidad nativa de "

"Python, o bien importe y use el módulo ``msvcrt``."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:73

#, fuzzy

msgid ""

"On Linux, it is required to specify the filename *including* the extension "

"to load a library, so attribute access can not be used to load libraries. "

"Either the :meth:`~LibraryLoader.LoadLibrary` method of the dll loaders "

"should be used, or you should load the library by creating an instance of "

"CDLL by calling the constructor::"

msgstr ""

"En Linux, se requiere especificar el nombre de archivo *incluyendo* la "

"extensión para cargar una biblioteca, por lo que no se puede utilizar el "

"acceso por atributos para cargar las bibliotecas. Se debe usar el método :"

"meth:`LoadLibrary` de los cargadores de dll, o se debe cargar la biblioteca "

"creando una instancia de CDLL llamando al constructor::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:79

msgid ""

">>> cdll.LoadLibrary(\"libc.so.6\") \n"

"<CDLL 'libc.so.6', handle ... at ...>\n"

">>> libc = CDLL(\"libc.so.6\") \n"

">>> libc \n"

"<CDLL 'libc.so.6', handle ... at ...>\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:92

msgid "Accessing functions from loaded dlls"

msgstr "Acceder a las funciones de los dll cargados"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:94

msgid "Functions are accessed as attributes of dll objects::"

msgstr "Las funciones se acceden como atributos de los objetos dll::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:96

msgid ""

">>> libc.printf\n"

"<_FuncPtr object at 0x...>\n"

">>> print(windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleA) \n"

"<_FuncPtr object at 0x...>\n"

">>> print(windll.kernel32.MyOwnFunction) \n"

"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"

" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"

" File \"ctypes.py\", line 239, in __getattr__\n"

" func = _StdcallFuncPtr(name, self)\n"

"AttributeError: function 'MyOwnFunction' not found\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:108

#, fuzzy

msgid ""

"Note that win32 system dlls like ``kernel32`` and ``user32`` often export "

"ANSI as well as UNICODE versions of a function. The UNICODE version is "

"exported with a ``W`` appended to the name, while the ANSI version is "

"exported with an ``A`` appended to the name. The win32 ``GetModuleHandle`` "

"function, which returns a *module handle* for a given module name, has the "

"following C prototype, and a macro is used to expose one of them as "

"``GetModuleHandle`` depending on whether UNICODE is defined or not::"

msgstr ""

"Nótese que las dlls del sistema win32 como ``kernel32`` y ``user32`` a "

"menudo exportan versiones ANSI y UNICODE de una función. La versión UNICODE "

"se exporta con una ``W`` añadida al nombre, mientras que la versión ANSI se "

"exporta con una ``A`` añadida al nombre. La función ``GetModuleHandle`` de "

"win32, que retorna un *manejador de módulo* para un nombre de módulo dado, "

"tiene el siguiente prototipo de C, y se usa una macro para exponer uno de "

"ellos como ``GetModuleHandle`` dependiendo de si UNICODE está definido o no::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:116

msgid ""

"/* ANSI version */\n"

"HMODULE GetModuleHandleA(LPCSTR lpModuleName);\n"

"/* UNICODE version */\n"

"HMODULE GetModuleHandleW(LPCWSTR lpModuleName);"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:121

msgid ""

"*windll* does not try to select one of them by magic, you must access the "

"version you need by specifying ``GetModuleHandleA`` or ``GetModuleHandleW`` "

"explicitly, and then call it with bytes or string objects respectively."

msgstr ""

"*windll* no intenta seleccionar una de ellas por arte de magia, se debe "

"acceder a la versión que se necesita especificando ``GetModuleHandleA`` o "

"``GetModuleHandleW`` explícitamente, y luego llamarlo con bytes u objetos de "

"cadena respectivamente."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:125

msgid ""

"Sometimes, dlls export functions with names which aren't valid Python "

"identifiers, like ``\"??2@YAPAXI@Z\"``. In this case you have to use :func:"

"`getattr` to retrieve the function::"

msgstr ""

"A veces, las dlls exportan funciones con nombres que no son identificadores "

"válidos de Python, como ``\"??2@YAPAXI@Z\"``. En este caso tienes que usar :"

"func:`getattr` para recuperar la función::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:129

msgid ""

">>> getattr(cdll.msvcrt, \"??2@YAPAXI@Z\") \n"

"<_FuncPtr object at 0x...>\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:133

msgid ""

"On Windows, some dlls export functions not by name but by ordinal. These "

"functions can be accessed by indexing the dll object with the ordinal "

"number::"

msgstr ""

"En Windows, algunas dlls exportan funciones no por nombre sino por ordinal. "

"Se pueden acceder a estas funciones indexando el objeto dll con el número "

"ordinal::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:136

msgid ""

">>> cdll.kernel32[1] \n"

"<_FuncPtr object at 0x...>\n"

">>> cdll.kernel32[0] \n"

"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"

" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"

" File \"ctypes.py\", line 310, in __getitem__\n"

" func = _StdcallFuncPtr(name, self)\n"

"AttributeError: function ordinal 0 not found\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:150

msgid "Calling functions"

msgstr "Funciones de llamada"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:152

#, fuzzy

msgid ""

"You can call these functions like any other Python callable. This example "

"uses the ``rand()`` function, which takes no arguments and returns a pseudo-"

"random integer::"

msgstr ""

"Puedes llamar a estas funciones como cualquier otra función en Python. Este "

"ejemplo utiliza la función ``time()``, que retorna el tiempo del sistema en "

"segundos desde la época de Unix, y la función ``GetModuleHandleA()``, que "

"retorna un manejador de módulo de win32."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:155

msgid ""

">>> print(libc.rand()) \n"

"1804289383"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:158

msgid ""

"On Windows, you can call the ``GetModuleHandleA()`` function, which returns "

"a win32 module handle (passing ``None`` as single argument to call it with a "

"``NULL`` pointer)::"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:161

msgid ""

">>> print(hex(windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleA(None))) \n"

"0x1d000000\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:165

msgid ""

":exc:`ValueError` is raised when you call an ``stdcall`` function with the "

"``cdecl`` calling convention, or vice versa::"

msgstr ""

":exc:`ValueError` es lanzado cuando se llama a una función ``stdcall`` con "

"la convención de llamada ``cdecl``, o viceversa::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:168

msgid ""

">>> cdll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleA(None) \n"

"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"

" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"

"ValueError: Procedure probably called with not enough arguments (4 bytes "

"missing)\n"

">>>\n"

"\n"

">>> windll.msvcrt.printf(b\"spam\") \n"

"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"

" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"

"ValueError: Procedure probably called with too many arguments (4 bytes in "

"excess)\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:180

msgid ""

"To find out the correct calling convention you have to look into the C "

"header file or the documentation for the function you want to call."

msgstr ""

"Para saber la convención de llamada correcta, hay que mirar en el archivo de "

"encabezado C o en la documentación de la función que se quiere llamar."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:183

msgid ""

"On Windows, :mod:`ctypes` uses win32 structured exception handling to "

"prevent crashes from general protection faults when functions are called "

"with invalid argument values::"

msgstr ""

"En Windows, :mod:`ctypes` utiliza la gestión de excepciones estructurada de "

"win32 para evitar que se produzcan fallos de protección general cuando se "

"llaman funciones con valores de argumento inválidos::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:187

msgid ""

">>> windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleA(32) \n"

"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"

" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"

"OSError: exception: access violation reading 0x00000020\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:193

msgid ""

"There are, however, enough ways to crash Python with :mod:`ctypes`, so you "

"should be careful anyway. The :mod:`faulthandler` module can be helpful in "

"debugging crashes (e.g. from segmentation faults produced by erroneous C "

"library calls)."

msgstr ""

"Sin embargo, hay suficientes maneras de bloquear Python con :mod:`ctypes`, "

"así que debes tener cuidado de todos modos. El módulo :mod:`faulthandler` "

"puede ser útil para depurar bloqueos (por ejemplo, provenientes de fallos de "

"segmentación producidos por llamadas erróneas a la biblioteca C)."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:198

#, fuzzy

msgid ""

"``None``, integers, bytes objects and (unicode) strings are the only native "

"Python objects that can directly be used as parameters in these function "

"calls. ``None`` is passed as a C ``NULL`` pointer, bytes objects and strings "

"are passed as pointer to the memory block that contains their data (:c:expr:"

"`char *` or :c:expr:`wchar_t *`). Python integers are passed as the "

"platform's default C :c:expr:`int` type, their value is masked to fit into "

"the C type."

msgstr ""

"``None``, enteros, objetos de bytes y cadenas (unicode) son los únicos "

"objetos nativos de Python que se pueden usar directamente como parámetros en "

"estas llamadas a funciones. ``None`` se pasa como puntero C ``NULL``, "

"objetos de bytes y cadenas se pasan como puntero al bloque de memoria que "

"contiene sus datos (:c:expr:`char *` or :c:expr:`wchar_t *`). Los enteros de "

"Python se pasan como el tipo C :c:expr:`int` predeterminado de la "

"plataforma, su valor se enmascara para encajar en el tipo C."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:205

msgid ""

"Before we move on calling functions with other parameter types, we have to "

"learn more about :mod:`ctypes` data types."

msgstr ""

"Antes de pasar a llamar funciones con otros tipos de parámetros, tenemos que "

"aprender más sobre los tipos de datos :mod:`ctypes`."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:212 ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:2203

msgid "Fundamental data types"

msgstr "Tipos de datos fundamentales"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:214

msgid ":mod:`ctypes` defines a number of primitive C compatible data types:"

msgstr ""

":mod:`ctypes` define un número de tipos de datos primitivos compatibles con "

"C:"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:217

msgid "ctypes type"

msgstr "tipo ctypes"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:217

msgid "C type"

msgstr "Tipo C"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:217

msgid "Python type"

msgstr "Tipo Python"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:219

msgid ":class:`c_bool`"

msgstr ":class:`c_bool`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:219

msgid ":c:expr:`_Bool`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`_Bool`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:219

msgid "bool (1)"

msgstr "bool (1)"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:221

msgid ":class:`c_char`"

msgstr ":class:`c_char`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:221 ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:225

msgid ":c:expr:`char`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`char`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:221

msgid "1-character bytes object"

msgstr "Un objeto bytes de 1-caracter"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:223

msgid ":class:`c_wchar`"

msgstr ":class:`c_wchar`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:223

#, fuzzy

msgid ":c:type:`wchar_t`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`wchar_t`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:223

msgid "1-character string"

msgstr "Una cadena de 1-caracter"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:225

msgid ":class:`c_byte`"

msgstr ":class:`c_byte`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:225 ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:227

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:229 ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:231

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:233 ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:235

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:237 ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:239

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:241 ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:243

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:246 ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:248

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:251

msgid "int"

msgstr "entero"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:227

msgid ":class:`c_ubyte`"

msgstr ":class:`c_ubyte`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:227

msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned char`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned char`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:229

msgid ":class:`c_short`"

msgstr ":class:`c_short`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:229

msgid ":c:expr:`short`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`short`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:231

msgid ":class:`c_ushort`"

msgstr ":class:`c_ushort`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:231

msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned short`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned short`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:233

msgid ":class:`c_int`"

msgstr ":class:`c_int`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:233

msgid ":c:expr:`int`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`int`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:235

msgid ":class:`c_uint`"

msgstr ":class:`c_uint`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:235

msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned int`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned int`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:237

msgid ":class:`c_long`"

msgstr ":class:`c_long`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:237

msgid ":c:expr:`long`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`long`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:239

msgid ":class:`c_ulong`"

msgstr ":class:`c_ulong`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:239

msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned long`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned long`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:241

msgid ":class:`c_longlong`"

msgstr ":class:`c_longlong`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:241

msgid ":c:expr:`__int64` or :c:expr:`long long`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`__int64` o :c:expr:`long long`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:243

msgid ":class:`c_ulonglong`"

msgstr ":class:`c_ulonglong`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:243

msgid ":c:expr:`unsigned __int64` or :c:expr:`unsigned long long`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`unsigned __int64` o :c:expr:`unsigned long long`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:246

msgid ":class:`c_size_t`"

msgstr ":class:`c_size_t`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:246

#, fuzzy

msgid ":c:type:`size_t`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`size_t`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:248

msgid ":class:`c_ssize_t`"

msgstr ":class:`c_ssize_t`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:248

#, fuzzy

msgid ":c:type:`ssize_t` or :c:expr:`Py_ssize_t`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`ssize_t` o :c:expr:`Py_ssize_t`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:251

#, fuzzy

msgid ":class:`c_time_t`"

msgstr ":class:`c_size_t`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:251

#, fuzzy

msgid ":c:type:`time_t`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`size_t`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:253

msgid ":class:`c_float`"

msgstr ":class:`c_float`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:253

msgid ":c:expr:`float`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`float`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:253 ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:255

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:257

msgid "float"

msgstr "flotante"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:255

msgid ":class:`c_double`"

msgstr ":class:`c_double`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:255

msgid ":c:expr:`double`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`double`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:257

msgid ":class:`c_longdouble`"

msgstr ":class:`c_longdouble`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:257

msgid ":c:expr:`long double`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`long double`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:259

msgid ":class:`c_char_p`"

msgstr ":class:`c_char_p`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:259

msgid ":c:expr:`char *` (NUL terminated)"

msgstr ":c:expr:`char *` (terminado en NUL)"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:259

msgid "bytes object or ``None``"

msgstr "objeto de bytes o ``None``"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:261

msgid ":class:`c_wchar_p`"

msgstr ":class:`c_wchar_p`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:261

msgid ":c:expr:`wchar_t *` (NUL terminated)"

msgstr ":c:expr:`wchar_t *` (terminado en NUL)"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:261

msgid "string or ``None``"

msgstr "cadena o ``None``"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:263

msgid ":class:`c_void_p`"

msgstr ":class:`c_void_p`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:263

msgid ":c:expr:`void *`"

msgstr ":c:expr:`void *`"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:263

msgid "int or ``None``"

msgstr "entero o ``None``"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:267

msgid "The constructor accepts any object with a truth value."

msgstr "El constructor acepta cualquier objeto con valor verdadero."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:269

msgid ""

"All these types can be created by calling them with an optional initializer "

"of the correct type and value::"

msgstr ""

"Todos estos tipos pueden ser creados llamándolos con un inicializador "

"opcional del tipo y valor correctos::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:272

msgid ""

">>> c_int()\n"

"c_long(0)\n"

">>> c_wchar_p(\"Hello, World\")\n"

"c_wchar_p(140018365411392)\n"

">>> c_ushort(-3)\n"

"c_ushort(65533)\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:280

msgid ""

"Since these types are mutable, their value can also be changed afterwards::"

msgstr ""

"Dado que estos tipos son mutables, su valor también puede ser cambiado "

"después::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:282

msgid ""

">>> i = c_int(42)\n"

">>> print(i)\n"

"c_long(42)\n"

">>> print(i.value)\n"

"42\n"

">>> i.value = -99\n"

">>> print(i.value)\n"

"-99\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:292

msgid ""

"Assigning a new value to instances of the pointer types :class:`c_char_p`, :"

"class:`c_wchar_p`, and :class:`c_void_p` changes the *memory location* they "

"point to, *not the contents* of the memory block (of course not, because "

"Python bytes objects are immutable)::"

msgstr ""

"Asignando un nuevo valor a las instancias de los tipos de punteros :class:"

"`c_char_p`, :class:`c_wchar_p`, y :class:`c_void_p` cambia el *lugar de "

"memoria* al que apuntan, *no el contenido* del bloque de memoria (por "

"supuesto que no, porque los objetos de bytes de Python son inmutables)::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:297

msgid ""

">>> s = \"Hello, World\"\n"

">>> c_s = c_wchar_p(s)\n"

">>> print(c_s)\n"

"c_wchar_p(139966785747344)\n"

">>> print(c_s.value)\n"

"Hello World\n"

">>> c_s.value = \"Hi, there\"\n"

">>> print(c_s) # the memory location has changed\n"

"c_wchar_p(139966783348904)\n"

">>> print(c_s.value)\n"

"Hi, there\n"

">>> print(s) # first object is unchanged\n"

"Hello, World\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:312

msgid ""

"You should be careful, however, not to pass them to functions expecting "

"pointers to mutable memory. If you need mutable memory blocks, ctypes has a :"

"func:`create_string_buffer` function which creates these in various ways. "

"The current memory block contents can be accessed (or changed) with the "

"``raw`` property; if you want to access it as NUL terminated string, use the "

"``value`` property::"

msgstr ""

"Sin embargo, debe tener cuidado de no pasarlos a funciones que esperan "

"punteros a la memoria mutable. Si necesitas bloques de memoria mutables, "

"ctypes tiene una función :func:`create_string_buffer` que los crea de varias "

"maneras. El contenido actual del bloque de memoria puede ser accedido (o "

"cambiado) con la propiedad ``raw``; si quieres acceder a él como cadena "

"terminada NUL, usa la propiedad ``value``::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:319

msgid ""

">>> from ctypes import *\n"

">>> p = create_string_buffer(3) # create a 3 byte buffer, "

"initialized to NUL bytes\n"

">>> print(sizeof(p), repr(p.raw))\n"

"3 b'\\x00\\x00\\x00'\n"

">>> p = create_string_buffer(b\"Hello\") # create a buffer containing a "

"NUL terminated string\n"

">>> print(sizeof(p), repr(p.raw))\n"

"6 b'Hello\\x00'\n"

">>> print(repr(p.value))\n"

"b'Hello'\n"

">>> p = create_string_buffer(b\"Hello\", 10) # create a 10 byte buffer\n"

">>> print(sizeof(p), repr(p.raw))\n"

"10 b'Hello\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00'\n"

">>> p.value = b\"Hi\"\n"

">>> print(sizeof(p), repr(p.raw))\n"

"10 b'Hi\\x00lo\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00'\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:336

#, fuzzy

msgid ""

"The :func:`create_string_buffer` function replaces the old :func:`!c_buffer` "

"function (which is still available as an alias). To create a mutable memory "

"block containing unicode characters of the C type :c:type:`wchar_t`, use "

"the :func:`create_unicode_buffer` function."

msgstr ""

"La función :func:`create_string_buffer` reemplaza la antigua función :func:"

"`c_buffer` (que todavía está disponible como alias). Para crear un bloque de "

"memoria mutable que contenga caracteres Unicode del tipo C :c:expr:"

"`wchar_t`, use la función :func:`create_unicode_buffer`."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:345

msgid "Calling functions, continued"

msgstr "Funciones de llamada, continuación"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:347

msgid ""

"Note that printf prints to the real standard output channel, *not* to :data:"

"`sys.stdout`, so these examples will only work at the console prompt, not "

"from within *IDLE* or *PythonWin*::"

msgstr ""

"Note que printf imprime al canal de salida estándar real, *no* a :data:`sys."

"stdout`, por lo que estos ejemplos sólo funcionarán en el prompt de la "

"consola, no desde dentro de *IDLE* o *PythonWin*::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:351

#, python-format

msgid ""

">>> printf = libc.printf\n"

">>> printf(b\"Hello, %s\\n\", b\"World!\")\n"

"Hello, World!\n"

"14\n"

">>> printf(b\"Hello, %S\\n\", \"World!\")\n"

"Hello, World!\n"

"14\n"

">>> printf(b\"%d bottles of beer\\n\", 42)\n"

"42 bottles of beer\n"

"19\n"

">>> printf(b\"%f bottles of beer\\n\", 42.5)\n"

"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"

" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"

"ctypes.ArgumentError: argument 2: TypeError: Don't know how to convert "

"parameter 2\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:367

msgid ""

"As has been mentioned before, all Python types except integers, strings, and "

"bytes objects have to be wrapped in their corresponding :mod:`ctypes` type, "

"so that they can be converted to the required C data type::"

msgstr ""

"Como se ha mencionado antes, todos los tipos de Python, excepto los enteros, "

"cadenas y objetos bytes, tienen que ser envueltos en su correspondiente "

"tipo :mod:`ctypes`, para que puedan ser convertidos al tipo de datos C "

"requerido::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:371

#, python-format

msgid ""

">>> printf(b\"An int %d, a double %f\\n\", 1234, c_double(3.14))\n"

"An int 1234, a double 3.140000\n"

"31\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:379

#, fuzzy

msgid "Calling variadic functions"

msgstr "Funciones de llamada"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:381

msgid ""

"On a lot of platforms calling variadic functions through ctypes is exactly "

"the same as calling functions with a fixed number of parameters. On some "

"platforms, and in particular ARM64 for Apple Platforms, the calling "

"convention for variadic functions is different than that for regular "

"functions."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:386

msgid ""

"On those platforms it is required to specify the :attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes` "

"attribute for the regular, non-variadic, function arguments:"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:389

msgid "libc.printf.argtypes = [ctypes.c_char_p]"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:393

msgid ""

"Because specifying the attribute does not inhibit portability it is advised "

"to always specify :attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes` for all variadic functions."

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:400

msgid "Calling functions with your own custom data types"

msgstr "Funciones de llamada con sus propios tipos de datos personalizados"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:402

#, fuzzy

msgid ""

"You can also customize :mod:`ctypes` argument conversion to allow instances "

"of your own classes be used as function arguments. :mod:`ctypes` looks for "

"an :attr:`!_as_parameter_` attribute and uses this as the function argument. "

"The attribute must be an integer, string, bytes, a :mod:`ctypes` instance, "

"or an object with an :attr:`!_as_parameter_` attribute::"

msgstr ""

"También puedes personalizar la conversión de argumentos de :mod:`ctypes` "

"para permitir que las instancias de tus propias clases se usen como "

"argumentos de función. :mod:`ctypes` busca un atributo :attr:"

"`_as_parameter_` y lo usa como argumento de función. Por supuesto, debe ser "

"uno de entero, cadena o bytes::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:408

#, python-format

msgid ""

">>> class Bottles:\n"

"... def __init__(self, number):\n"

"... self._as_parameter_ = number\n"

"...\n"

">>> bottles = Bottles(42)\n"

">>> printf(b\"%d bottles of beer\\n\", bottles)\n"

"42 bottles of beer\n"

"19\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:418

#, fuzzy

msgid ""

"If you don't want to store the instance's data in the :attr:`!"

"_as_parameter_` instance variable, you could define a :class:`property` "

"which makes the attribute available on request."

msgstr ""

"Si no quieres almacenar los datos de la instancia en la variable de "

"instancia :attr:`_as_parameter_`, puedes definir una :class:`property` que "

"haga que el atributo esté disponible a petición."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:426

msgid "Specifying the required argument types (function prototypes)"

msgstr ""

"Especificar los tipos de argumentos requeridos (prototipos de funciones)"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:428

#, fuzzy

msgid ""

"It is possible to specify the required argument types of functions exported "

"from DLLs by setting the :attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes` attribute."

msgstr ""

"Es posible especificar los tipos de argumentos necesarios de las funciones "

"exportadas desde las DLL estableciendo el atributo :attr:`argtypes`."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:431

#, fuzzy

msgid ""

":attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes` must be a sequence of C data types (the :func:`!"

"printf` function is probably not a good example here, because it takes a "

"variable number and different types of parameters depending on the format "

"string, on the other hand this is quite handy to experiment with this "

"feature)::"

msgstr ""

":attr:`argtypes` debe ser una secuencia de tipos de datos de C (la función "

"``printf`` probablemente no es un buen ejemplo aquí, porque toma un número "

"variable y diferentes tipos de parámetros dependiendo del formato de la "

"cadena, por otro lado esto es bastante útil para experimentar con esta "

"característica)::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:436

#, python-format

msgid ""

">>> printf.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_char_p, c_int, c_double]\n"

">>> printf(b\"String '%s', Int %d, Double %f\\n\", b\"Hi\", 10, 2.2)\n"

"String 'Hi', Int 10, Double 2.200000\n"

"37\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:442

msgid ""

"Specifying a format protects against incompatible argument types (just as a "

"prototype for a C function), and tries to convert the arguments to valid "

"types::"

msgstr ""

"La especificación de un formato protege contra los tipos de argumentos "

"incompatibles (al igual que un prototipo para una función C), e intenta "

"convertir los argumentos en tipos válidos::"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:445

#, python-format

msgid ""

">>> printf(b\"%d %d %d\", 1, 2, 3)\n"

"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"

" File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"

"ctypes.ArgumentError: argument 2: TypeError: 'int' object cannot be "

"interpreted as ctypes.c_char_p\n"

">>> printf(b\"%s %d %f\\n\", b\"X\", 2, 3)\n"

"X 2 3.000000\n"

"13\n"

">>>"

msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:454

#, fuzzy

msgid ""

"If you have defined your own classes which you pass to function calls, you "

"have to implement a :meth:`~_CData.from_param` class method for them to be "

"able to use them in the :attr:`~_FuncPtr.argtypes` sequence. The :meth:"

"`~_CData.from_param` class method receives the Python object passed to the "

"function call, it should do a typecheck or whatever is needed to make sure "

"this object is acceptable, and then return the object itself, its :attr:`!"

"_as_parameter_` attribute, or whatever you want to pass as the C function "

"argument in this case. Again, the result should be an integer, string, "

"bytes, a :mod:`ctypes` instance, or an object with an :attr:`!"

"_as_parameter_` attribute."

msgstr ""

"Si has definido tus propias clases las cuales pasas a las llamadas a "

"funciones, tienes que implementar un método de clase :meth:`from_param` para "

"que puedan ser usadas en la secuencia :attr:`argtypes`. El método de clase :"

"meth:`from_param` recibe el objeto Python que se le pasa a la llamada a "

"función, debería hacer una comprobación de tipo o lo que sea necesario para "

"asegurarse de que este objeto es aceptable, y luego retornar el objeto en "

"sí, su atributo :attr:`_as_parameter_`, o lo que se quiera pasar como "

"argumento de la función C en este caso. De nuevo, el resultado debe ser un "

"entero, una cadena, unos bytes, una instancia :mod:`ctypes`, o un objeto con "

"el atributo :attr:`_as_parameter_`."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:468

msgid "Return types"

msgstr "Tipos de retorno"

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:478

#, fuzzy

msgid ""

"By default functions are assumed to return the C :c:expr:`int` type. Other "

"return types can be specified by setting the :attr:`~_FuncPtr.restype` "

"attribute of the function object."

msgstr ""

"Por defecto, se supone que las funciones retornan el tipo C :c:expr:`int`. "

"Se pueden especificar otros tipos de retorno configurando el atributo :attr:"

"`restype` del objeto de función."

#: ../Doc/library/ctypes.rst:482

msgid ""

"The C prototype of :c:func:`time` is ``time_t time(time_t *)``. Because :c:"

"type:`time_t` might be of a different type than the default return type :c:"