diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-08-15-23-32-52.gh-issue-139103.d8pm7q.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-08-15-23-32-52.gh-issue-139103.d8pm7q.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000000..0fd62c333c42e3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-08-15-23-32-52.gh-issue-139103.d8pm7q.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Enable deferred reference counting for mutable class attributes to improve free-threading scaling
diff --git a/Python/specialize.c b/Python/specialize.c
index 773b55c329c7720..2695fcb85edc00a 100644
--- a/Python/specialize.c
+++ b/Python/specialize.c
@@ -1216,6 +1216,9 @@ specialize_class_load_attr(PyObject *owner, _Py_CODEUNIT *instr,
             // special case for enums which has Py_TYPE(descr) == cls
             // so guarding on type version is sufficient
             if (Py_TYPE(descr) != cls) {
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+                maybe_enable_deferred_ref_count(descr);
+#endif
                 SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(LOAD_ATTR, SPEC_FAIL_ATTR_MUTABLE_CLASS);
                 Py_XDECREF(descr);
                 return -1;
diff --git a/Tools/ftscalingbench/ftscalingbench.py b/Tools/ftscalingbench/ftscalingbench.py
index c8a914c22a9e137..609d71ed19df5cd 100644
--- a/Tools/ftscalingbench/ftscalingbench.py
+++ b/Tools/ftscalingbench/ftscalingbench.py
@@ -326,6 +326,25 @@ def enum_attr():
         MyEnum.Z
 
 
+class _SharedAttrValue:
+    pass
+
+class MyClassWithSharedAttr:
+    # A class attribute whose value is an instance of a *different* class.
+    # Reading it from multiple threads did not scale because LOAD_ATTR_CLASS
+    # cannot specialize this case (the value's type is not the owner class),
+    # leaving the shared value's reference count contended on every read.
+    attr = _SharedAttrValue()
+
+@register_benchmark
+def class_attribute():
+    obj = MyClassWithSharedAttr
+    for _ in range(1000 * WORK_SCALE):
+        obj.attr
+        obj.attr
+        obj.attr
+
+
 def bench_one_thread(func):
     t0 = time.perf_counter_ns()
     func()