diff --git a/Lib/test/test_asyncgen.py b/Lib/test/test_asyncgen.py
index e9eecbc8341551..1ac8bcfa8392e3 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_asyncgen.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_asyncgen.py
@@ -266,6 +266,22 @@ async def gen():
                                     'async generator.*StopIteration'):
             to_list(gen())
 
+    def test_async_gen_athrow_stopiteration_not_started(self):
+        # gh-152685: StopIteration and StopAsyncIteration thrown into an
+        # async generator that hasn't started yet are wrapped in a
+        # RuntimeError, like for a started one.
+        async def gen():
+            yield 123
+
+        for exc, msg in [
+            (StopIteration, 'async generator raised StopIteration'),
+            (StopAsyncIteration, 'async generator raised StopAsyncIteration'),
+        ]:
+            with self.subTest(exc=exc):
+                agen = gen()
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, msg):
+                    agen.athrow(exc).send(None)
+
     def test_async_gen_exception_07(self):
         def sync_gen():
             try:
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_coroutines.py b/Lib/test/test_coroutines.py
index 9d415238876c8f..74ccaa2fe009f9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_coroutines.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_coroutines.py
@@ -555,6 +555,17 @@ async def foo():
 
             run_async(foo())
 
+    def test_throw_stopiteration_not_started(self):
+        # gh-152685: StopIteration thrown into a coroutine that hasn't
+        # started yet is wrapped in a RuntimeError, like for a started one.
+        async def foo():
+            return 1
+
+        coro = foo()
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+                RuntimeError, "coroutine raised StopIteration"):
+            coro.throw(StopIteration)
+
     def test_func_3(self):
         async def foo():
             raise StopIteration
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_generators.py b/Lib/test/test_generators.py
index 6eb25960101a9e..dc4f5c32e1b2db 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_generators.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_generators.py
@@ -898,6 +898,51 @@ def g():
         with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError) as cm:
             gen.throw(ValueError)
 
+    def test_throw_stopiteration_not_started(self):
+        # Throwing StopIteration into a not-yet-started generator must be
+        # wrapped in a RuntimeError, the same as for a started one
+        # (PEP 479, gh-152685).
+        def g():
+            yield
+
+        for started in (False, True):
+            with self.subTest(started=started):
+                gen = g()
+                if started:
+                    next(gen)
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError,
+                                            'generator raised StopIteration'):
+                    gen.throw(StopIteration)
+                # The generator is finished afterwards.
+                self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, gen)
+
+        # A StopIteration subclass is wrapped too.
+        class MyStop(StopIteration):
+            pass
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+            g().throw(MyStop)
+
+        # The original StopIteration is kept as cause and context.
+        try:
+            g().throw(StopIteration)
+        except RuntimeError as exc:
+            self.assertIs(type(exc.__cause__), StopIteration)
+            self.assertIs(type(exc.__context__), StopIteration)
+            self.assertTrue(exc.__suppress_context__)
+        else:
+            self.fail('RuntimeError not raised')
+
+        # A non-StopIteration exception is still propagated unchanged.
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            g().throw(ValueError)
+
+    def test_throw_stopiteration_not_started_genexpr(self):
+        # Same as test_throw_stopiteration_not_started, for a generator
+        # expression (gh-152685).
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError,
+                                    'generator raised StopIteration'):
+            (x for x in ()).throw(StopIteration)
+
 
 class GeneratorStackTraceTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-07-22-11-04-33.gh-issue-152685.ixWsPB.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-07-22-11-04-33.gh-issue-152685.ixWsPB.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..ce5fc2f7e512fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-07-22-11-04-33.gh-issue-152685.ixWsPB.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Calling ``throw(StopIteration)`` on a generator, generator expression,
+coroutine, or asynchronous generator that has not started running now raises
+:exc:`RuntimeError`, consistent with :pep:`479` and with throwing into an
+already-started generator. Previously the :exc:`StopIteration` escaped
+unchanged. Patch by Joel Walker.
diff --git a/Objects/genobject.c b/Objects/genobject.c
index 3cdc06733363d3..a7b17b97eb2809 100644
--- a/Objects/genobject.c
+++ b/Objects/genobject.c
@@ -315,9 +315,30 @@ gen_send_ex2(PyGenObject *gen, PyObject *arg, PyObject **presult, int exc)
         }
     }
     else {
-        assert(!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_StopIteration));
-        assert(!PyAsyncGen_CheckExact(gen) ||
-            !PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_StopAsyncIteration));
+        /* The frame propagated an exception. A StopIteration (or, in an async
+         * generator, a StopAsyncIteration) raised inside the frame is normally
+         * turned into a RuntimeError by the frame's own PEP 479 handler. That
+         * handler does not cover the prologue where a not-yet-started generator
+         * resumes, so throwing such an exception into one reaches here
+         * unconverted (gh-152685). Apply the conversion so PEP 479 still
+         * holds. */
+        const char *msg = NULL;
+        if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
+            msg = "generator raised StopIteration";
+            if (PyAsyncGen_CheckExact(gen)) {
+                msg = "async generator raised StopIteration";
+            }
+            else if (PyCoro_CheckExact(gen)) {
+                msg = "coroutine raised StopIteration";
+            }
+        }
+        else if (PyAsyncGen_CheckExact(gen) &&
+                 _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopAsyncIteration)) {
+            msg = "async generator raised StopAsyncIteration";
+        }
+        if (msg != NULL) {
+            _PyErr_FormatFromCauseTstate(tstate, PyExc_RuntimeError, "%s", msg);
+        }
     }
 
     *presult = result;