diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2026-05-18-16-00-41.gh-issue-148260.UwFiIX.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2026-05-18-16-00-41.gh-issue-148260.UwFiIX.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000000..8248c24cbd511ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Build/2026-05-18-16-00-41.gh-issue-148260.UwFiIX.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+On Linux when Python is linked to the musl C library, use a thread stack
+size of at least 1 MiB instead of musl default which is 128 kiB. Patch by
+Victor Stinner.
diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 63b41117957cab5..99a0aa5b41c30c3 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -9861,6 +9861,58 @@ fi
      ;;
 esac
 
+if test "$ac_sys_system" = "Linux" -a "$cross_compiling" = no; then
+    { printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for thread stack size" >&5
+printf %s "checking for thread stack size... " >&6; }
+if test ${ac_cv_thread_stack_size+y}
+then :
+  printf %s "(cached) " >&6
+else case e in #(
+  e)
+    cat > conftest.c <<EOF
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+    pthread_attr_t attrs;
+    size_t size;
+
+    int rc = pthread_attr_init(&attrs);
+    if (rc != 0) {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    rc = pthread_attr_getstacksize(&attrs, &size);
+    if (rc != 0) {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    if (size < 1024 * 1024) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+EOF
+
+    ac_cv_thread_stack_size="default"
+    if $CC -pthread $CFLAGS conftest.c -o conftest &>/dev/null; then
+      ./conftest &>/dev/null
+      if test $? -eq 1; then
+          ac_cv_thread_stack_size=1048576
+      fi
+    fi
+    rm -f conftest.c conftest
+     ;;
+esac
+fi
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_thread_stack_size" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_thread_stack_size" >&6; }
+
+    if test "$ac_cv_thread_stack_size" != "default"; then
+        LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-z,stack-size=$ac_cv_thread_stack_size"
+    fi
+fi
+
 case $enable_wasm_dynamic_linking in #(
   yes) :
     ac_cv_func_dlopen=yes ;; #(
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 6df5d1bee31c677..77d772658aba32a 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -2462,6 +2462,51 @@ AS_CASE([$ac_sys_system],
   ]
 )
 
+dnl On Linux, check the thread stack size. musl (ex: Alpine Linux) uses
+dnl a default thread stack size of 128 kB, whereas the glibc uses 8 MiB.
+dnl Python uses at least 1 MiB.
+if test "$ac_sys_system" = "Linux" -a "$cross_compiling" = no; then
+    AC_CACHE_CHECK([for thread stack size], [ac_cv_thread_stack_size], [
+    cat > conftest.c <<EOF
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+    pthread_attr_t attrs;
+    size_t size;
+
+    int rc = pthread_attr_init(&attrs);
+    if (rc != 0) {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    rc = pthread_attr_getstacksize(&attrs, &size);
+    if (rc != 0) {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    if (size < 1024 * 1024) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+EOF
+
+    ac_cv_thread_stack_size="default"
+    if $CC -pthread $CFLAGS conftest.c -o conftest &>/dev/null; then
+      ./conftest &>/dev/null
+      if test $? -eq 1; then
+          ac_cv_thread_stack_size=1048576
+      fi
+    fi
+    rm -f conftest.c conftest
+    ])
+
+    if test "$ac_cv_thread_stack_size" != "default"; then
+        LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS -Wl,-z,stack-size=$ac_cv_thread_stack_size"
+    fi
+fi
+
 AS_CASE([$enable_wasm_dynamic_linking],
   [yes], [ac_cv_func_dlopen=yes],
   [no], [ac_cv_func_dlopen=no],