gh-150816: Speed up inspect.signature() for Python functions

gaborbernat · gaborbernat · commit 12b3b99b9e08 · 2026-06-02T15:44:56.000-07:00
Parameters built from a function's code object always have valid identifier
names and canonical kinds, yet each one is constructed through the validating
Parameter() constructor. Add Parameter._create() for these trusted callers to
skip the redundant checks; comprehension implicit args still defer to __init__.
The public constructor and its validation are unchanged.
diff --git a/Lib/inspect.py b/Lib/inspect.py
@@ -2366,27 +2366,23 @@ def _signature_from_function(cls, func, skip_bound_arg=True,
     for name in positional[:non_default_count]:
         kind = _POSITIONAL_ONLY if posonly_left else _POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
         annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty)
-        parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation,
-                                    kind=kind))
+        parameters.append(Parameter._create(name, kind, _empty, annotation))
         if posonly_left:
             posonly_left -= 1
 
     # ... w/ defaults.
     for offset, name in enumerate(positional[non_default_count:]):
         kind = _POSITIONAL_ONLY if posonly_left else _POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
         annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty)
-        parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation,
-                                    kind=kind,
-                                    default=defaults[offset]))
+        parameters.append(Parameter._create(name, kind, defaults[offset], annotation))
         if posonly_left:
             posonly_left -= 1
 
     # *args
     if func_code.co_flags & CO_VARARGS:
         name = arg_names[pos_count + keyword_only_count]
         annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty)
-        parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation,
-                                    kind=_VAR_POSITIONAL))
+        parameters.append(Parameter._create(name, _VAR_POSITIONAL, _empty, annotation))
 
     # Keyword-only parameters.
     for name in keyword_only:
@@ -2395,9 +2391,7 @@ def _signature_from_function(cls, func, skip_bound_arg=True,
             default = kwdefaults.get(name, _empty)
 
         annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty)
-        parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation,
-                                    kind=_KEYWORD_ONLY,
-                                    default=default))
+        parameters.append(Parameter._create(name, _KEYWORD_ONLY, default, annotation))
     # **kwargs
     if func_code.co_flags & CO_VARKEYWORDS:
         index = pos_count + keyword_only_count
@@ -2406,8 +2400,7 @@ def _signature_from_function(cls, func, skip_bound_arg=True,
 
         name = arg_names[index]
         annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty)
-        parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation,
-                                    kind=_VAR_KEYWORD))
+        parameters.append(Parameter._create(name, _VAR_KEYWORD, _empty, annotation))
 
     # Is 'func' is a pure Python function - don't validate the
     # parameters list (for correct order and defaults), it should be OK.
@@ -2736,6 +2729,23 @@ def __init__(self, name, kind, *, default=_empty, annotation=_empty):
 
         self._name = name
 
+    @classmethod
+    def _create(cls, name, kind, default, annotation):
+        # Fast path for trusted callers (e.g. _signature_from_function), where
+        # the name comes from a code object's co_varnames -- always a valid,
+        # non-keyword identifier -- and the kind is one of the module-level
+        # _ParameterKind constants. Skips the validation done in __init__.
+        # Comprehension implicit args ('.0') still need the recast, so defer
+        # those to __init__.
+        if name[0] == '.':
+            return cls(name, kind=kind, default=default, annotation=annotation)
+        self = cls.__new__(cls)
+        self._name = name
+        self._kind = kind
+        self._default = default
+        self._annotation = annotation
+        return self
+
     def __reduce__(self):
         return (type(self),
                 (self._name, self._kind),
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-06-02-15-44-56.gh-issue-150816.qBXOBw.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-06-02-15-44-56.gh-issue-150816.qBXOBw.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Speed up :func:`inspect.signature` for Python functions by skipping redundant
+:class:`inspect.Parameter` validation when the parameters are built from a
+function's own code object. Patch by Bernát Gábor.

Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
`@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@`
	`1`	+Speed up :func:`inspect.signature` for Python functions by skipping redundant
	`2`	+:class:`inspect.Parameter` validation when the parameters are built from a
	`3`	`+function's own code object. Patch by Bernát Gábor.`