def unsafeFromForeign(value):

return value

def unsafeToForeign(value):

return value

def typeOf(value):

return type(value).__name__

def tagOf(value):

return "Number" if type(value) in [int, float] else "String" if type(value) == str else "Boolean" if type(value) == bool else "Function" if callable(value) else "Null" if value is None else "Object"

def isNull(value):

return value is None

# not clear how to do this pythonically

def isUndefined(value):

return isNull(value)

def isArray(value):

return (type(value) == list) or (type(value) == tuple)