diff --git a/CHANGELOG.d/internal_document-hspec-accept.md b/CHANGELOG.d/internal_document-hspec-accept.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c90c240fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CHANGELOG.d/internal_document-hspec-accept.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* Document the `HSPEC_ACCEPT` flag for generating golden files
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.d/internal_error-on-non-Main-modules.md b/CHANGELOG.d/internal_error-on-non-Main-modules.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..78c52eaf86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CHANGELOG.d/internal_error-on-non-Main-modules.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* Fail test if PureScript file(s) don't have a `Main` module
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 99dc4ac2b6..f896f83d41 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ stack test --fast --test-arguments="--match 1110.purs"
 
 This will run whatever test uses the example file `1110.purs`.
 
+The golden files (e.g. `*.out` files) are generated automatically when missing, and can be updated by setting the "HSPEC_ACCEPT" environment variable, e.g. by running `HSPEC_ACCEPT=true stack test`.
+
 ### Adding Dependencies
 
 Because the PureScript compiler is distributed in binary form, we include the licenses of all dependencies, including transitive ones, in the LICENSE file. Therefore, whenever the dependencies change, the LICENSE file should be updated.
diff --git a/tests/TestBundle.hs b/tests/TestBundle.hs
index bff8f30d5a..df766fa3b3 100644
--- a/tests/TestBundle.hs
+++ b/tests/TestBundle.hs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ assertBundles
   -> Handle
   -> Expectation
 assertBundles support inputFiles outputFile = do
-  (result, _) <- compile support inputFiles
+  (result, _) <- compile True support inputFiles
   case result of
     Left errs -> expectationFailure . P.prettyPrintMultipleErrors P.defaultPPEOptions $ errs
     Right _ -> do
diff --git a/tests/TestCompiler.hs b/tests/TestCompiler.hs
index 7d20c9bf0f..8402a08951 100644
--- a/tests/TestCompiler.hs
+++ b/tests/TestCompiler.hs
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ assertCompiles
   -> Handle
   -> Expectation
 assertCompiles support inputFiles outputFile = do
-  (result, _) <- compile support inputFiles
+  (result, _) <- compile True support inputFiles
   case result of
     Left errs -> expectationFailure . P.prettyPrintMultipleErrors P.defaultPPEOptions $ errs
     Right _ -> do
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ assertCompilesWithWarnings
   -> [String]
   -> Expectation
 assertCompilesWithWarnings support inputFiles shouldWarnWith = do
-  result'@(result, warnings) <- compile support inputFiles
+  result'@(result, warnings) <- compile False support inputFiles
   case result of
     Left errs ->
       expectationFailure . P.prettyPrintMultipleErrors P.defaultPPEOptions $ errs
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ assertDoesNotCompile
   -> [String]
   -> Expectation
 assertDoesNotCompile support inputFiles shouldFailWith = do
-  result <- compile support inputFiles
+  result <- compile False support inputFiles
   case fst result of
     Left errs -> do
       when (null shouldFailWith)
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ assertCompilesToExpectedOutput
   -> [FilePath]
   -> Expectation
 assertCompilesToExpectedOutput support inputFiles = do
-  (result, _) <- compile support inputFiles
+  (result, _) <- compile False support inputFiles
   case result of
     Left errs -> expectationFailure . P.prettyPrintMultipleErrors P.defaultPPEOptions $ errs
     Right _ ->
diff --git a/tests/TestUtils.hs b/tests/TestUtils.hs
index 4db550f8d7..5c66efe20a 100644
--- a/tests/TestUtils.hs
+++ b/tests/TestUtils.hs
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import Prelude.Compat
 
 import qualified Language.PureScript as P
 import qualified Language.PureScript.CST as CST
+import qualified Language.PureScript.AST as AST
+import qualified Language.PureScript.Names as N
 import Language.PureScript.Interactive.IO (findNodeProcess)
 
 import Control.Arrow ((***), (>>>))
@@ -195,20 +197,34 @@ getTestFiles testDir = do
        else dir
 
 compile
-  :: SupportModules
+  :: Bool
+  -> SupportModules
   -> [FilePath]
   -> IO (Either P.MultipleErrors [P.ExternsFile], P.MultipleErrors)
-compile SupportModules{..} inputFiles = runTest $ do
+compile checkForMainModule SupportModules{..} inputFiles = runTest $ do
   -- Sorting the input files makes some messages (e.g., duplicate module) deterministic
   fs <- liftIO $ readInput (sort inputFiles)
   msWithWarnings <- CST.parseFromFiles id fs
   tell $ foldMap (\(fp, (ws, _)) -> CST.toMultipleWarnings fp ws) msWithWarnings
   let ms = fmap snd <$> msWithWarnings
   foreigns <- inferForeignModules ms
-  let actions = makeActions supportModules (foreigns `M.union` supportForeigns)
+  let
+    actions = makeActions supportModules (foreigns `M.union` supportForeigns)
+    hasMainModule = (==) 1 $ length $ filter (== "Main") $ fmap getPsModuleName ms
   case ms of
-    [singleModule] -> pure <$> P.rebuildModule actions supportExterns (snd singleModule)
-    _ -> P.make actions (CST.pureResult <$> supportModules ++ map snd ms)
+    [singleModule] -> do
+      when (checkForMainModule && not hasMainModule) $ do
+        error $ "When testing a single PureScript file, the file's module's name must be 'Main' but got '"
+          <> T.unpack (getPsModuleName singleModule) <> "'."
+      pure <$> P.rebuildModule actions supportExterns (snd singleModule)
+    _ -> do
+      when (checkForMainModule && not hasMainModule) $ do
+        error "When testing multiple PureScript files, the main file's module's name must be 'Main'."
+      P.make actions (CST.pureResult <$> supportModules ++ map snd ms)
+
+getPsModuleName :: (a, AST.Module) -> T.Text
+getPsModuleName psModule = case snd psModule of
+  AST.Module _ _ (N.ModuleName t) _ _ -> t
 
 makeActions :: [P.Module] -> M.Map P.ModuleName FilePath -> P.MakeActions P.Make
 makeActions modules foreigns = (P.buildMakeActions modulesDir (P.internalError "makeActions: input file map was read.") foreigns False)