diff --git a/pre_commit/commands/autoupdate.py b/pre_commit/commands/autoupdate.py
index aa0c5e25e..f5e943aa7 100644
--- a/pre_commit/commands/autoupdate.py
+++ b/pre_commit/commands/autoupdate.py
@@ -175,6 +175,13 @@ def autoupdate(
         repo for repo in load_config(config_file)['repos']
         if repo['repo'] not in {LOCAL, META}
     ]
+    missing_repos = set(repos) - {r['repo'] for r in config_repos}
+    if missing_repos:
+        output.write_line(
+            f'repos {", ".join(sorted(missing_repos))!r} were '
+            f'not found in {config_file}',
+        )
+        return 1
 
     rev_infos: list[RevInfo | None] = [None] * len(config_repos)
     jobs = jobs or xargs.cpu_count()  # 0 => number of cpus
diff --git a/tests/commands/autoupdate_test.py b/tests/commands/autoupdate_test.py
index 71bd04446..1b9ecf220 100644
--- a/tests/commands/autoupdate_test.py
+++ b/tests/commands/autoupdate_test.py
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ def test_autoupdate_out_of_date_repo_with_correct_repo_name(
     assert 'local' in after
 
 
-def test_autoupdate_out_of_date_repo_with_wrong_repo_name(
+def test_autoupdate_missing_repo_name(
         out_of_date, in_tmpdir,
 ):
     config = make_config_from_repo(
@@ -270,14 +270,13 @@ def test_autoupdate_out_of_date_repo_with_wrong_repo_name(
 
     with open(C.CONFIG_FILE) as f:
         before = f.read()
-    # It will not update it, because the name doesn't match
     ret = autoupdate(
         C.CONFIG_FILE, freeze=False, tags_only=False,
-        repos=('dne',),
+        repos=('dne', 'foo'),
     )
     with open(C.CONFIG_FILE) as f:
         after = f.read()
-    assert ret == 0
+    assert ret == 1
     assert before == after