/*

Unicode implementation based on original code by Fredrik Lundh,

modified by Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com> according to the

Unicode Integration Proposal (see file Misc/unicode.txt).

Major speed upgrades to the method implementations at the Reykjavik

NeedForSpeed sprint, by Fredrik Lundh and Andrew Dalke.

Copyright (c) Corporation for National Research Initiatives.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

The original string type implementation is:

Copyright (c) 1999 by Secret Labs AB

Copyright (c) 1999 by Fredrik Lundh

By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its

associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,

and will comply with the following terms and conditions:

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its

associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby

granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all

copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice

appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Secret Labs

AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to

distribution of the software without specific, written prior

permission.

SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO

THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND

FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR

ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES

WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN

ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT

OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

*/

#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN

#include "Python.h"

#include "unicodeobject.h"

#include "ucnhash.h"

#ifdef MS_WINDOWS

#include <windows.h>

#endif

/* Limit for the Unicode object free list */

#define PyUnicode_MAXFREELIST 1024

/* Limit for the Unicode object free list stay alive optimization.

The implementation will keep allocated Unicode memory intact for

all objects on the free list having a size less than this

limit. This reduces malloc() overhead for small Unicode objects.

At worst this will result in PyUnicode_MAXFREELIST *

(sizeof(PyUnicodeObject) + KEEPALIVE_SIZE_LIMIT +

malloc()-overhead) bytes of unused garbage.

Setting the limit to 0 effectively turns the feature off.

Note: This is an experimental feature ! If you get core dumps when

using Unicode objects, turn this feature off.

*/

#define KEEPALIVE_SIZE_LIMIT 9

/* Endianness switches; defaults to little endian */

#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN

# define BYTEORDER_IS_BIG_ENDIAN

#else

# define BYTEORDER_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN

#endif

/* --- Globals ------------------------------------------------------------

The globals are initialized by the _PyUnicode_Init() API and should

not be used before calling that API.

*/

#ifdef __cplusplus

extern "C" {

#endif

/* Free list for Unicode objects */

static PyUnicodeObject *free_list;

static int numfree;

/* The empty Unicode object is shared to improve performance. */

static PyUnicodeObject *unicode_empty;

/* Single character Unicode strings in the Latin-1 range are being

shared as well. */

static PyUnicodeObject *unicode_latin1[256];

/* Default encoding to use and assume when NULL is passed as encoding

parameter; it is initialized by _PyUnicode_Init().

Always use the PyUnicode_SetDefaultEncoding() and

PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding() APIs to access this global.

*/

static char unicode_default_encoding[100];

/* Fast detection of the most frequent whitespace characters */

const unsigned char _Py_ascii_whitespace[] = {

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

/* case 0x0009: * CHARACTER TABULATION */

/* case 0x000A: * LINE FEED */

/* case 0x000B: * LINE TABULATION */

/* case 0x000C: * FORM FEED */

/* case 0x000D: * CARRIAGE RETURN */

0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

/* case 0x001C: * FILE SEPARATOR */

/* case 0x001D: * GROUP SEPARATOR */

/* case 0x001E: * RECORD SEPARATOR */

/* case 0x001F: * UNIT SEPARATOR */

0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,

/* case 0x0020: * SPACE */

1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0

};

/* Same for linebreaks */

static unsigned char ascii_linebreak[] = {

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

/* 0x000A, * LINE FEED */

/* 0x000B, * LINE TABULATION */

/* 0x000C, * FORM FEED */

/* 0x000D, * CARRIAGE RETURN */

0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

/* 0x001C, * FILE SEPARATOR */

/* 0x001D, * GROUP SEPARATOR */

/* 0x001E, * RECORD SEPARATOR */

0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0

};

Py_UNICODE

PyUnicode_GetMax(void)

{

#ifdef Py_UNICODE_WIDE

return 0x10FFFF;

#else

/* This is actually an illegal character, so it should

not be passed to unichr. */

return 0xFFFF;

#endif

}

/* --- Bloom Filters ----------------------------------------------------- */

/* stuff to implement simple "bloom filters" for Unicode characters.

to keep things simple, we use a single bitmask, using the least 5

bits from each unicode characters as the bit index. */

/* the linebreak mask is set up by Unicode_Init below */

#if LONG_BIT >= 128

#define BLOOM_WIDTH 128

#elif LONG_BIT >= 64

#define BLOOM_WIDTH 64

#elif LONG_BIT >= 32

#define BLOOM_WIDTH 32

#else

#error "LONG_BIT is smaller than 32"

#endif

#define BLOOM_MASK unsigned long

static BLOOM_MASK bloom_linebreak;

#define BLOOM_ADD(mask, ch) ((mask |= (1UL << ((ch) & (BLOOM_WIDTH - 1)))))

#define BLOOM(mask, ch) ((mask & (1UL << ((ch) & (BLOOM_WIDTH - 1)))))

#define BLOOM_LINEBREAK(ch) \

((ch) < 128U ? ascii_linebreak[(ch)] : \

(BLOOM(bloom_linebreak, (ch)) && Py_UNICODE_ISLINEBREAK(ch)))

Py_LOCAL_INLINE(BLOOM_MASK) make_bloom_mask(Py_UNICODE* ptr, Py_ssize_t len)

{

/* calculate simple bloom-style bitmask for a given unicode string */

BLOOM_MASK mask;

Py_ssize_t i;

mask = 0;

for (i = 0; i < len; i++)

BLOOM_ADD(mask, ptr[i]);

return mask;

}

Py_LOCAL_INLINE(int) unicode_member(Py_UNICODE chr, Py_UNICODE* set, Py_ssize_t setlen)

{

Py_ssize_t i;

for (i = 0; i < setlen; i++)

if (set[i] == chr)

return 1;

return 0;

}

#define BLOOM_MEMBER(mask, chr, set, setlen) \

BLOOM(mask, chr) && unicode_member(chr, set, setlen)

/* --- Unicode Object ----------------------------------------------------- */

static

int unicode_resize(register PyUnicodeObject *unicode,

Py_ssize_t length)

{

void *oldstr;

/* Shortcut if there's nothing much to do. */

if (unicode->length == length)

goto reset;

/* Resizing shared object (unicode_empty or single character

objects) in-place is not allowed. Use PyUnicode_Resize()

instead ! */

if (unicode == unicode_empty ||

(unicode->length == 1 &&

unicode->str[0] < 256U &&

unicode_latin1[unicode->str[0]] == unicode)) {

PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,

"can't resize shared unicode objects");

return -1;

}

/* We allocate one more byte to make sure the string is Ux0000 terminated.

The overallocation is also used by fastsearch, which assumes that it's

safe to look at str[length] (without making any assumptions about what

it contains). */

oldstr = unicode->str;

unicode->str = PyObject_REALLOC(unicode->str,

sizeof(Py_UNICODE) * (length + 1));

if (!unicode->str) {

unicode->str = (Py_UNICODE *)oldstr;

PyErr_NoMemory();

return -1;

}

unicode->str[length] = 0;

unicode->length = length;

reset:

/* Reset the object caches */

if (unicode->defenc) {

Py_DECREF(unicode->defenc);

unicode->defenc = NULL;

}

unicode->hash = -1;

return 0;

}

/* We allocate one more byte to make sure the string is

Ux0000 terminated -- XXX is this needed ?

XXX This allocator could further be enhanced by assuring that the

free list never reduces its size below 1.

*/

static

PyUnicodeObject *_PyUnicode_New(Py_ssize_t length)

{

register PyUnicodeObject *unicode;

/* Optimization for empty strings */

if (length == 0 && unicode_empty != NULL) {

Py_INCREF(unicode_empty);

return unicode_empty;

}

/* Ensure we won't overflow the size. */

if (length > ((PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / sizeof(Py_UNICODE)) - 1)) {

return (PyUnicodeObject *)PyErr_NoMemory();

}

/* Unicode freelist & memory allocation */

if (free_list) {

unicode = free_list;

free_list = *(PyUnicodeObject **)unicode;

numfree--;

if (unicode->str) {

/* Keep-Alive optimization: we only upsize the buffer,

never downsize it. */

if ((unicode->length < length) &&

unicode_resize(unicode, length) < 0) {

PyObject_DEL(unicode->str);

unicode->str = NULL;

}

}

else {

size_t new_size = sizeof(Py_UNICODE) * ((size_t)length + 1);

unicode->str = (Py_UNICODE*) PyObject_MALLOC(new_size);

}

PyObject_INIT(unicode, &PyUnicode_Type);

}

else {

size_t new_size;

unicode = PyObject_New(PyUnicodeObject, &PyUnicode_Type);

if (unicode == NULL)

return NULL;

new_size = sizeof(Py_UNICODE) * ((size_t)length + 1);

unicode->str = (Py_UNICODE*) PyObject_MALLOC(new_size);

}

if (!unicode->str) {

PyErr_NoMemory();

goto onError;

}

/* Initialize the first element to guard against cases where

* the caller fails before initializing str -- unicode_resize()

* reads str[0], and the Keep-Alive optimization can keep memory

* allocated for str alive across a call to unicode_dealloc(unicode).

* We don't want unicode_resize to read uninitialized memory in

* that case.

*/

unicode->str[0] = 0;

unicode->str[length] = 0;

unicode->length = length;

unicode->hash = -1;

unicode->defenc = NULL;

return unicode;

onError:

/* XXX UNREF/NEWREF interface should be more symmetrical */

_Py_DEC_REFTOTAL;

_Py_ForgetReference((PyObject *)unicode);

PyObject_Del(unicode);

return NULL;

}

static

void unicode_dealloc(register PyUnicodeObject *unicode)

{

if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(unicode) &&

numfree < PyUnicode_MAXFREELIST) {

/* Keep-Alive optimization */

if (unicode->length >= KEEPALIVE_SIZE_LIMIT) {

PyObject_DEL(unicode->str);

unicode->str = NULL;

unicode->length = 0;

}

if (unicode->defenc) {

Py_DECREF(unicode->defenc);

unicode->defenc = NULL;

}

/* Add to free list */

*(PyUnicodeObject **)unicode = free_list;

free_list = unicode;

numfree++;

}

else {

PyObject_DEL(unicode->str);

Py_XDECREF(unicode->defenc);

Py_TYPE(unicode)->tp_free((PyObject *)unicode);

}

}

static

int _PyUnicode_Resize(PyUnicodeObject **unicode, Py_ssize_t length)

{

register PyUnicodeObject *v;

/* Argument checks */

if (unicode == NULL) {

PyErr_BadInternalCall();

return -1;

}

v = *unicode;

if (v == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(v) || Py_REFCNT(v) != 1 || length < 0) {

PyErr_BadInternalCall();

return -1;

}

/* Resizing unicode_empty and single character objects is not

possible since these are being shared. We simply return a fresh

copy with the same Unicode content. */

if (v->length != length &&

(v == unicode_empty || v->length == 1)) {

PyUnicodeObject *w = _PyUnicode_New(length);

if (w == NULL)

return -1;

Py_UNICODE_COPY(w->str, v->str,

length < v->length ? length : v->length);

Py_DECREF(*unicode);

*unicode = w;

return 0;

}

/* Note that we don't have to modify *unicode for unshared Unicode

objects, since we can modify them in-place. */

return unicode_resize(v, length);

}

int PyUnicode_Resize(PyObject **unicode, Py_ssize_t length)

{

return _PyUnicode_Resize((PyUnicodeObject **)unicode, length);

}

PyObject *PyUnicode_FromUnicode(const Py_UNICODE *u,

Py_ssize_t size)

{

PyUnicodeObject *unicode;

/* If the Unicode data is known at construction time, we can apply

some optimizations which share commonly used objects. */

if (u != NULL) {

/* Optimization for empty strings */

if (size == 0 && unicode_empty != NULL) {

Py_INCREF(unicode_empty);

return (PyObject *)unicode_empty;

}

/* Single character Unicode objects in the Latin-1 range are

shared when using this constructor */

if (size == 1 && *u < 256) {

unicode = unicode_latin1[*u];

if (!unicode) {

unicode = _PyUnicode_New(1);

if (!unicode)

return NULL;

unicode->str[0] = *u;

unicode_latin1[*u] = unicode;

}

Py_INCREF(unicode);

return (PyObject *)unicode;

}

}

unicode = _PyUnicode_New(size);

if (!unicode)

return NULL;

/* Copy the Unicode data into the new object */

if (u != NULL)

Py_UNICODE_COPY(unicode->str, u, size);

return (PyObject *)unicode;

}

PyObject *PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(const char *u, Py_ssize_t size)

{

PyUnicodeObject *unicode;

if (size < 0) {

PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,

"Negative size passed to PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize");

return NULL;

}

/* If the Unicode data is known at construction time, we can apply

some optimizations which share commonly used objects.

Also, this means the input must be UTF-8, so fall back to the

UTF-8 decoder at the end. */

if (u != NULL) {

/* Optimization for empty strings */

if (size == 0 && unicode_empty != NULL) {

Py_INCREF(unicode_empty);

return (PyObject *)unicode_empty;

}

/* Single characters are shared when using this constructor.

Restrict to ASCII, since the input must be UTF-8. */

if (size == 1 && Py_CHARMASK(*u) < 128) {

unicode = unicode_latin1[Py_CHARMASK(*u)];

if (!unicode) {

unicode = _PyUnicode_New(1);

if (!unicode)

return NULL;

unicode->str[0] = Py_CHARMASK(*u);

unicode_latin1[Py_CHARMASK(*u)] = unicode;

}

Py_INCREF(unicode);

return (PyObject *)unicode;

}

return PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(u, size, NULL);

}

unicode = _PyUnicode_New(size);

if (!unicode)

return NULL;

return (PyObject *)unicode;

}

PyObject *PyUnicode_FromString(const char *u)

{

size_t size = strlen(u);

if (size > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX) {

PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "input too long");

return NULL;

}

return PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(u, size);

}

#ifdef HAVE_WCHAR_H

#if (Py_UNICODE_SIZE == 2) && defined(SIZEOF_WCHAR_T) && (SIZEOF_WCHAR_T == 4)

# define CONVERT_WCHAR_TO_SURROGATES

#endif

#ifdef CONVERT_WCHAR_TO_SURROGATES

/* Here sizeof(wchar_t) is 4 but Py_UNICODE_SIZE == 2, so we need

to convert from UTF32 to UTF16. */

PyObject *PyUnicode_FromWideChar(register const wchar_t *w,

Py_ssize_t size)

{

PyUnicodeObject *unicode;

register Py_ssize_t i;

Py_ssize_t alloc;

const wchar_t *orig_w;

if (w == NULL) {

PyErr_BadInternalCall();

return NULL;

}

alloc = size;

orig_w = w;

for (i = size; i > 0; i--) {

if (*w > 0xFFFF)

alloc++;

w++;

}

w = orig_w;

unicode = _PyUnicode_New(alloc);

if (!unicode)

return NULL;

/* Copy the wchar_t data into the new object */

{

register Py_UNICODE *u;

u = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(unicode);

for (i = size; i > 0; i--) {

if (*w > 0xFFFF) {

wchar_t ordinal = *w++;

ordinal -= 0x10000;

*u++ = 0xD800 | (ordinal >> 10);

*u++ = 0xDC00 | (ordinal & 0x3FF);

}

else

*u++ = *w++;

}

}

return (PyObject *)unicode;

}

#else

PyObject *PyUnicode_FromWideChar(register const wchar_t *w,

Py_ssize_t size)

{

PyUnicodeObject *unicode;

if (w == NULL) {

PyErr_BadInternalCall();

return NULL;

}

unicode = _PyUnicode_New(size);

if (!unicode)

return NULL;

/* Copy the wchar_t data into the new object */

#ifdef HAVE_USABLE_WCHAR_T

memcpy(unicode->str, w, size * sizeof(wchar_t));

#else

{

register Py_UNICODE *u;

register Py_ssize_t i;

u = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(unicode);

for (i = size; i > 0; i--)

*u++ = *w++;

}

#endif

return (PyObject *)unicode;

}

#endif /* CONVERT_WCHAR_TO_SURROGATES */

#undef CONVERT_WCHAR_TO_SURROGATES

static void

makefmt(char *fmt, int longflag, int size_tflag, int zeropad, int width, int precision, char c)

{

*fmt++ = '%';

if (width) {

if (zeropad)

*fmt++ = '0';

fmt += sprintf(fmt, "%d", width);

}

if (precision)

fmt += sprintf(fmt, ".%d", precision);

if (longflag)

*fmt++ = 'l';

else if (size_tflag) {

char *f = PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T;

while (*f)

*fmt++ = *f++;

}

*fmt++ = c;

*fmt = '\0';

}

#define appendstring(string) {for (copy = string;*copy;) *s++ = *copy++;}

PyObject *

PyUnicode_FromFormatV(const char *format, va_list vargs)

{

va_list count;

Py_ssize_t callcount = 0;

PyObject **callresults = NULL;

PyObject **callresult = NULL;

Py_ssize_t n = 0;

int width = 0;

int precision = 0;

int zeropad;

const char* f;

Py_UNICODE *s;

PyObject *string;

/* used by sprintf */

char buffer[21];

/* use abuffer instead of buffer, if we need more space

* (which can happen if there's a format specifier with width). */

char *abuffer = NULL;

char *realbuffer;

Py_ssize_t abuffersize = 0;

char fmt[60]; /* should be enough for %0width.precisionld */

const char *copy;

#ifdef VA_LIST_IS_ARRAY

Py_MEMCPY(count, vargs, sizeof(va_list));

#else

#ifdef __va_copy

__va_copy(count, vargs);

#else

count = vargs;

#endif

#endif

/* step 1: count the number of %S/%R/%s format specifications

* (we call PyObject_Str()/PyObject_Repr()/PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8() for these

* objects once during step 3 and put the result in an array) */

for (f = format; *f; f++) {

if (*f == '%') {

if (*(f+1)=='%')

continue;

if (*(f+1)=='S' || *(f+1)=='R')

++callcount;

while (isdigit((unsigned)*f))

width = (width*10) + *f++ - '0';

while (*++f && *f != '%' && !isalpha((unsigned)*f))

;

if (*f == 's')

++callcount;

}

}

/* step 2: allocate memory for the results of

* PyObject_Str()/PyObject_Repr()/PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8() calls */

if (callcount) {

callresults = PyObject_Malloc(sizeof(PyObject *)*callcount);

if (!callresults) {

PyErr_NoMemory();

return NULL;

}

callresult = callresults;

}

/* step 3: figure out how large a buffer we need */

for (f = format; *f; f++) {

if (*f == '%') {

const char* p = f;

width = 0;

while (isdigit((unsigned)*f))

width = (width*10) + *f++ - '0';

while (*++f && *f != '%' && !isalpha((unsigned)*f))

;

/* skip the 'l' or 'z' in {%ld, %zd, %lu, %zu} since

* they don't affect the amount of space we reserve.

*/

if ((*f == 'l' || *f == 'z') &&

(f[1] == 'd' || f[1] == 'u'))

++f;

switch (*f) {

case 'c':

(void)va_arg(count, int);

/* fall through... */

case '%':

n++;

break;

case 'd': case 'u': case 'i': case 'x':

(void) va_arg(count, int);

/* 20 bytes is enough to hold a 64-bit

integer. Decimal takes the most space.

This isn't enough for octal.

If a width is specified we need more

(which we allocate later). */

if (width < 20)

width = 20;

n += width;

if (abuffersize < width)

abuffersize = width;

break;

case 's':

{

/* UTF-8 */

const char *s = va_arg(count, const char*);

PyObject *str = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(s, strlen(s), "replace");

if (!str)

goto fail;

n += PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str);

/* Remember the str and switch to the next slot */

*callresult++ = str;

break;

}

case 'U':

{

PyObject *obj = va_arg(count, PyObject *);

assert(obj && PyUnicode_Check(obj));

n += PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(obj);

break;

}

case 'V':

{

PyObject *obj = va_arg(count, PyObject *);

const char *str = va_arg(count, const char *);

assert(obj || str);

assert(!obj || PyUnicode_Check(obj));

if (obj)

n += PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(obj);

else

n += strlen(str);

break;

}

case 'S':

{

PyObject *obj = va_arg(count, PyObject *);

PyObject *str;

assert(obj);

str = PyObject_Str(obj);

if (!str)

goto fail;

n += PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(str);

/* Remember the str and switch to the next slot */

*callresult++ = str;

break;

}

case 'R':

{

PyObject *obj = va_arg(count, PyObject *);

PyObject *repr;

assert(obj);

repr = PyObject_Repr(obj);

if (!repr)

goto fail;

n += PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(repr);

/* Remember the repr and switch to the next slot */

*callresult++ = repr;

break;

}

case 'p':

(void) va_arg(count, int);

/* maximum 64-bit pointer representation:

* 0xffffffffffffffff

* so 19 characters is enough.

* XXX I count 18 -- what's the extra for?

*/

n += 19;

break;

default:

/* if we stumble upon an unknown

formatting code, copy the rest of

the format string to the output

string. (we cannot just skip the

code, since there's no way to know

what's in the argument list) */

n += strlen(p);

goto expand;

}

} else

n++;

}

expand:

if (abuffersize > 20) {

abuffer = PyObject_Malloc(abuffersize);

if (!abuffer) {

PyErr_NoMemory();

goto fail;

}

realbuffer = abuffer;

}

else

realbuffer = buffer;

/* step 4: fill the buffer */

/* Since we've analyzed how much space we need for the worst case,

we don't have to resize the string.

There can be no errors beyond this point. */

string = PyUnicode_FromUnicode(NULL, n);

if (!string)

goto fail;

s = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(string);

callresult = callresults;

for (f = format; *f; f++) {

if (*f == '%') {

const char* p = f++;

int longflag = 0;

int size_tflag = 0;

zeropad = (*f == '0');

/* parse the width.precision part */

width = 0;

while (isdigit((unsigned)*f))

width = (width*10) + *f++ - '0';

precision = 0;

if (*f == '.') {

f++;

while (isdigit((unsigned)*f))

precision = (precision*10) + *f++ - '0';

}

/* handle the long flag, but only for %ld and %lu.

others can be added when necessary. */

if (*f == 'l' && (f[1] == 'd' || f[1] == 'u')) {

longflag = 1;

++f;

}

/* handle the size_t flag. */

if (*f == 'z' && (f[1] == 'd' || f[1] == 'u')) {

size_tflag = 1;

++f;

}

switch (*f) {

case 'c':

*s++ = va_arg(vargs, int);

break;

case 'd':

makefmt(fmt, longflag, size_tflag, zeropad, width, precision, 'd');

if (longflag)

sprintf(realbuffer, fmt, va_arg(vargs, long));

else if (size_tflag)

sprintf(realbuffer, fmt, va_arg(vargs, Py_ssize_t));

else

sprintf(realbuffer, fmt, va_arg(vargs, int));

appendstring(realbuffer);

break;

case 'u':

makefmt(fmt, longflag, size_tflag, zeropad, width, precision, 'u');

if (longflag)

sprintf(realbuffer, fmt, va_arg(vargs, unsigned long));

else if (size_tflag)

sprintf(realbuffer, fmt, va_arg(vargs, size_t));

else

sprintf(realbuffer, fmt, va_arg(vargs, unsigned int));

appendstring(realbuffer);

break;

case 'i':

makefmt(fmt, 0, 0, zeropad, width, precision, 'i');

sprintf(realbuffer, fmt, va_arg(vargs, int));

appendstring(realbuffer);

break;

case 'x':

makefmt(fmt, 0, 0, zeropad, width, precision, 'x');

sprintf(realbuffer, fmt, va_arg(vargs, int));

appendstring(realbuffer);

break;

case 's':

{

/* unused, since we already have the result */

(void) va_arg(vargs, char *);

Py_UNICODE_COPY(s, PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(*callresult),

PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(*callresult));

s += PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(*callresult);

/* We're done with the unicode()/repr() => forget it */

Py_DECREF(*callresult);

/* switch to next unicode()/repr() result */

++callresult;

break;

}

case 'U':

{

PyObject *obj = va_arg(vargs, PyObject *);

Py_ssize_t size = PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(obj);

Py_UNICODE_COPY(s, PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(obj), size);

s += size;

break;

}

case 'V':

{

PyObject *obj = va_arg(vargs, PyObject *);

const char *str = va_arg(vargs, const char *);

if (obj) {

Py_ssize_t size = PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(obj);

Py_UNICODE_COPY(s, PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(obj), size);

s += size;

} else {

appendstring(str);

}

break;

}

case 'S':

case 'R':

{

Py_UNICODE *ucopy;

Py_ssize_t usize;

Py_ssize_t upos;

/* unused, since we already have the result */

(void) va_arg(vargs, PyObject *);

ucopy = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(*callresult);

usize = PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(*callresult);

for (upos = 0; upos<usize;)

*s++ = ucopy[upos++];

/* We're done with the unicode()/repr() => forget it */

Py_DECREF(*callresult);

/* switch to next unicode()/repr() result */

++callresult;

break;

}

case 'p':

sprintf(buffer, "%p", va_arg(vargs, void*));

/* %p is ill-defined: ensure leading 0x. */

if (buffer[1] == 'X')

buffer[1] = 'x';

else if (buffer[1] != 'x') {

memmove(buffer+2, buffer, strlen(buffer)+1);

buffer[0] = '0';

buffer[1] = 'x';

}

appendstring(buffer);

break;

case '%':

*s++ = '%';

break;

default:

appendstring(p);

goto end;

}

} else

*s++ = *f;

}

end:

if (callresults)

PyObject_Free(callresults);

if (abuffer)

PyObject_Free(abuffer);

PyUnicode_Resize(&string, s - PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(string));

return string;

fail:

if (callresults) {