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README.md

🔣 Section 2: Operators

🛠️ Learn to manipulate data using operators.

➕ Arithmetic Operators

Perform basic math operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and more.

Operator Description Example (a = 5, b = 2) Result
+ Addition a + b 7
- Subtraction a - b 3
* Multiplication a * b 10
/ Division (float) a / b 2.5
// Floor Division a // b 2
% Modulus (remainder) a % b 1
** Exponentiation a ** b 25

🔹 Examples:

a = 10
b = 3
print(a + b)   # 13
print(a // b)  # 3
print(a % b)   # 1
print(a ** b)  # 1000

🔸 Use Cases:

  • Check if a number is even or odd: num % 2 == 0
  • Calculate compound interest: 
    principal = 1000
rate = 0.05
years = 2
amount = principal * (1 + rate) ** years
print(f"Total Amount: ${amount:,.2f}")  # Output: $1,102.50

✍️ Assignment Operators

Assign and update variable values efficiently.

Operator Equivalent To Example (a = 5, b = 2)
= Assign value a = 5
+= Add and assign a += b → a = a + b
-= Subtract and assign a -= b → a = a - b
*= Multiply and assign a *= b → a = a * b
/= Divide and assign a /= b → a = a / b
//= Floor divide & assign a //= b → a = a // b
%= Modulus & assign a %= b → a = a % b
**= Exponentiate & assign a **= b → a = a ** b

🔹 Examples:

count = 0
count += 1   # Same as count = count + 1

quantity = 5
quantity -= 2  # Now quantity = 3

a = 2
a **= 3      # Same as a = a ** 3 → 8

🔍 Comparison Operators

Compare two values and return a boolean result (True or False).

Operator Description Example (x = 10, y = 20) Result
== Equal to x == y False
!= Not equal to x != y True
> Greater than x > y False
< Less than x < y True
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y False
<= Less than or equal to x <= y True

🔹 Examples:

x = 10
y = 20
print(x < y)       # True
print(x == y)      # False
print(x != y)      # True

🔸 String Comparisons:

print('apple' < 'orange')  # True ('a' comes before 'o')
print('banana' < 'apple')  # False ('b' comes after 'a')

🧠 Logical Operators

Combine multiple conditions for complex decision-making.

Operator Purpose Truth Table Behavior
and Returns True if both are True Only returns True if both sides are True
or Returns True if at least one is True Returns False only if both sides are False
not Reverses the logical state Converts True to False and vice versa

🔹 Examples:

price = 9.99
print(price > 9 and price < 10)     # True
print(price > 10 or price < 20)     # True
print(not price > 10)               # True

🔸 Truth Tables:

and:

A B A and B
True True True
True False False
False True False
False False False

or:

A B A or B
True True True
True False True
False True True
False False False

not:

A not A
True False
False True

🔸Operator Precedence:

  • not > and > or
  • Use parentheses to control evaluation order:
  result = not (price > 5 and price < 10)
  print(result)  # False

🎉 You now have a solid understanding of Python Operators!

Next up: 🔁 Section 3: Control Flow – learn how to make decisions and loop through code!