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<h1><a href="http://scienceoss.com/">scienceoss.com</a></h1>
<div class="description">useful tidbits for using open source software
in science</div>
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<div class="post-24 post hentry category-ipython tag-ipython"
id="post-24">
<h2>IPython quick reference</h2>
<div class="entry">
<p>Here are some notes I took while watching the ShowMeDo video
tutorial series on IPython. I highly recommend these videos — I had been
using IPython for several months but after seeing these tutorials I
learned a lot.</p>
<p>First is the quick reference to get you started, then is the
not-so-quick reference section <span id="more-24"></span></p>
<h2>Changing directories</h2>
<table border="0" cellpadding="4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="command">pwd</td>
<td>display present working directory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="command">ls</td>
<td>list the contents of the present working directory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="command">cd directoryname</td>
<td>Change to the directory directoryName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="command">cd C:/Python25/work</td>
<td>On Windows, use “/” instead of the typical “\” for path separators</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="command">cd C:/My/ Documents</td>
<td>Either precede spaces in filenames with a “/” to say that it is part
of the filename . . .</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="command">cd ‘C:/My Documents’</td>
<td>or, enclose the name in quotes</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p></p>
<h2>Running programs</h2>
<table border="0" cellpadding="4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="command">run scriptName.py</td>
<td>runs scriptName.py, a Python script in the present working directory</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> </p>
<h2>The workspace</h2>
<table border="0" cellpadding="4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="command">whos</td>
<td>lists the objects currently available in the namespace</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="command">reset</td>
<td>delete all varables currently in the namespace</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="margin-left: 0.3in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p>
<h2>Getting help</h2>
<table border="0" cellpadding="4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="command">?</td>
<td>at the end of a variable, function, or command name shows help for
that object</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="command">open?</td>
<td>shows help for open, a built-in Python function</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="command">run?</td>
<td>shows help for run an IPython “magic” function</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<h2>Being lazy: TAB completion</h2>
<table border="0" cellpadding="4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="command"><strong>Type one or two letters, then hit the TAB
key.</strong></td>
<td>This is called tab completion</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>IPython will provide a list of directories, commands, and variables
that match the letters you typed. Type a couple more letters of one of
the choices in the list, then hit TAB again to further narrow the
search.</p>
<h2>See what an object can do (”introspection”)<br></h2>
<table border="0" cellpadding="4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="command">name.[TAB]</td>
<td>Where name is an object and [TAB] means hit the Tab key. Shows
methods and attributes of the object, name</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>Introspection example</h3>
<pre class="prettyprint">x = 'asdf'
x. # (after the dot, hit the tab key)
</pre>
<pre class="output"><strong>Output:</strong>
x.__add__ x.__class__ x.__contains__ ... ... ... x.upper x.zfill
</pre>
<p>After discovering that the string object, x, has something called
upper, check the help on it:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint">x.upper?
</pre>
<p></p>
<h2>Being lazy: up arrow</h2>
<table border="0" cellpadding="4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="command">up arrow</td>
<td>cycle through previous commands</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="command">down arrow (after hitting up arrow)</td>
<td>cycle through next commands</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> If you enter the first couple characters of a
command before hitting the up arrow, you will only be shown commands
that start with those characters.</p>
<p style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in;"></p>
<h2>Exiting</h2>
<table border="0" cellpadding="4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="command">Exit</td>
<td>exits IPython without confirmation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="command">exit()</td>
<td>exits IPython with confirmation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="command">close the window</td>
<td>exits IPython without confirmation</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<h1>IPython Not-so-quick Reference</h1>
<p>Below are links to other posts on this site about the following
topics:</p>
<ul>
<li><a
href="http://blog.anonrandomname.com/2007/12/02/getting-help-in-ipython/">Getting
help in IPython</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://blog.anonrandomname.com/2007/12/02/directory-navigation-in-ipython/">Directory
navigation</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://blog.anonrandomname.com/2007/12/02/managing-variables-in-ipython/">Managing
variables<br>
</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://blog.anonrandomname.com/2007/12/02/running-a-program-in-ipython/">Running
a program in IPython</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://blog.anonrandomname.com/2007/12/02/keeping-track-of-your-work-in-ipython/">Keeping
track of your work</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://blog.anonrandomname.com/2007/12/02/shortcuts-in-ipython/">Shortcuts</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://blog.anonrandomname.com/2007/12/02/system-commands-from-ipython/">System
commands</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://blog.anonrandomname.com/2007/12/02/editing-code-in-ipython/">Editing
source code</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://blog.anonrandomname.com/2007/12/02/debugging-and-optimizing-in-ipython/">Debugging
and optimizing</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://blog.anonrandomname.com/2007/12/02/running-programs-in-the-background-in-ipython/">Running
programs in the background</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Tags: <a href="http://scienceoss.com/tags/ipython/" rel="tag">IPython</a></p>
<p class="postmetadata alt">
<small>
This entry was posted
on Thursday, November 29th, 2007 at 10:50 pm and is
filed under <a href="http://scienceoss.com/categories/python/ipython/"
title="View all posts in IPython" rel="category tag">IPython</a>.
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