diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index f44a6b202..273e2ed69 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -2,13 +2,12 @@ name: Test
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [master]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches: [master]
 
 jobs:
   build-and-test:
-
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     env:
@@ -18,18 +17,18 @@ jobs:
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        node-version: [19.7.0]
+        node-version: [20.5.1]
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-node@v3
-      with:
-        node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-        cache: 'npm'
-    - run: npm ci
-    - run: npm run build
-    - run: npm run format-check
-    - run: npm run test
-    - run: npm run site
-    - run: bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        with:
+          node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
+          cache: "npm"
+      - run: npm ci
+      - run: npm run build
+      - run: npm run format-check
+      - run: npm run test
+      - run: npm run site
+      - run: bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 4d362bddf..891ac3834 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 # Changelog
 
+# 3.4.2 (2023-08-26)
+
+- Fixes regression from 3.4.1 (#1493)
+
 # 3.4.1 (2023-08-23)
 
 - Fixes for regressions from 3.4.0 (#1482 and #1488)
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 37bffaf88..479e6ce03 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "luxon",
-  "version": "3.4.1",
+  "version": "3.4.2",
   "lockfileVersion": 2,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "luxon",
-      "version": "3.4.1",
+      "version": "3.4.2",
       "license": "MIT",
       "devDependencies": {
         "@babel/core": "^7.18.6",
@@ -9022,9 +9022,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/jest-snapshot/node_modules/semver": {
-      "version": "7.3.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.3.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-NB1ctGL5rlHrPJtFDVIVzTyQylMLu9N9VICA6HSFJo8MCGVTMW6gfpicwKmmK/dAjTOrqu5l63JJOpDSrAis3A==",
+      "version": "7.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-1bCSESV6Pv+i21Hvpxp3Dx+pSD8lIPt8uVjRrxAUt/nbswYc+tK6Y2btiULjd4+fnq15PX+nqQDC7Oft7WkwcA==",
       "dev": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "lru-cache": "^6.0.0"
@@ -10077,9 +10077,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/make-dir/node_modules/semver": {
-      "version": "5.7.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-5.7.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-sauaDf/PZdVgrLTNYHRtpXa1iRiKcaebiKQ1BJdpQlWH2lCvexQdX55snPFyK7QzpudqbCI0qXFfOasHdyNDGQ==",
+      "version": "5.7.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-5.7.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-cBznnQ9KjJqU67B52RMC65CMarK2600WFnbkcaiwWq3xy/5haFJlshgnpjovMVJ+Hff49d8GEn0b87C5pDQ10g==",
       "dev": true,
       "bin": {
         "semver": "bin/semver"
@@ -11094,9 +11094,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/node-environment-flags/node_modules/semver": {
-      "version": "5.7.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-5.7.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-sauaDf/PZdVgrLTNYHRtpXa1iRiKcaebiKQ1BJdpQlWH2lCvexQdX55snPFyK7QzpudqbCI0qXFfOasHdyNDGQ==",
+      "version": "5.7.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-5.7.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-cBznnQ9KjJqU67B52RMC65CMarK2600WFnbkcaiwWq3xy/5haFJlshgnpjovMVJ+Hff49d8GEn0b87C5pDQ10g==",
       "dev": true,
       "bin": {
         "semver": "bin/semver"
@@ -11162,9 +11162,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/normalize-package-data/node_modules/semver": {
-      "version": "7.3.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.3.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-NB1ctGL5rlHrPJtFDVIVzTyQylMLu9N9VICA6HSFJo8MCGVTMW6gfpicwKmmK/dAjTOrqu5l63JJOpDSrAis3A==",
+      "version": "7.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-1bCSESV6Pv+i21Hvpxp3Dx+pSD8lIPt8uVjRrxAUt/nbswYc+tK6Y2btiULjd4+fnq15PX+nqQDC7Oft7WkwcA==",
       "dev": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "lru-cache": "^6.0.0"
@@ -12342,9 +12342,9 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/semver": {
-      "version": "6.3.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-6.3.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-b39TBaTSfV6yBrapU89p5fKekE2m/NwnDocOVruQFS1/veMgdzuPcnOM34M6CwxW8jH/lxEa5rBoDeUwu5HHTw==",
+      "version": "6.3.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-6.3.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BR7VvDCVHO+q2xBEWskxS6DJE1qRnb7DxzUrogb71CWoSficBxYsiAGd+Kl0mmq/MprG9yArRkyrQxTO6XjMzA==",
       "dev": true,
       "bin": {
         "semver": "bin/semver.js"
@@ -20369,9 +20369,9 @@
           }
         },
         "semver": {
-          "version": "7.3.8",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.3.8.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-NB1ctGL5rlHrPJtFDVIVzTyQylMLu9N9VICA6HSFJo8MCGVTMW6gfpicwKmmK/dAjTOrqu5l63JJOpDSrAis3A==",
+          "version": "7.5.4",
+          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.5.4.tgz",
+          "integrity": "sha512-1bCSESV6Pv+i21Hvpxp3Dx+pSD8lIPt8uVjRrxAUt/nbswYc+tK6Y2btiULjd4+fnq15PX+nqQDC7Oft7WkwcA==",
           "dev": true,
           "requires": {
             "lru-cache": "^6.0.0"
@@ -21065,9 +21065,9 @@
           "dev": true
         },
         "semver": {
-          "version": "5.7.1",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-5.7.1.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-sauaDf/PZdVgrLTNYHRtpXa1iRiKcaebiKQ1BJdpQlWH2lCvexQdX55snPFyK7QzpudqbCI0qXFfOasHdyNDGQ==",
+          "version": "5.7.2",
+          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-5.7.2.tgz",
+          "integrity": "sha512-cBznnQ9KjJqU67B52RMC65CMarK2600WFnbkcaiwWq3xy/5haFJlshgnpjovMVJ+Hff49d8GEn0b87C5pDQ10g==",
           "dev": true
         }
       }
@@ -21736,9 +21736,9 @@
       },
       "dependencies": {
         "semver": {
-          "version": "5.7.1",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-5.7.1.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-sauaDf/PZdVgrLTNYHRtpXa1iRiKcaebiKQ1BJdpQlWH2lCvexQdX55snPFyK7QzpudqbCI0qXFfOasHdyNDGQ==",
+          "version": "5.7.2",
+          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-5.7.2.tgz",
+          "integrity": "sha512-cBznnQ9KjJqU67B52RMC65CMarK2600WFnbkcaiwWq3xy/5haFJlshgnpjovMVJ+Hff49d8GEn0b87C5pDQ10g==",
           "dev": true
         }
       }
@@ -21786,9 +21786,9 @@
           }
         },
         "semver": {
-          "version": "7.3.8",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.3.8.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-NB1ctGL5rlHrPJtFDVIVzTyQylMLu9N9VICA6HSFJo8MCGVTMW6gfpicwKmmK/dAjTOrqu5l63JJOpDSrAis3A==",
+          "version": "7.5.4",
+          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.5.4.tgz",
+          "integrity": "sha512-1bCSESV6Pv+i21Hvpxp3Dx+pSD8lIPt8uVjRrxAUt/nbswYc+tK6Y2btiULjd4+fnq15PX+nqQDC7Oft7WkwcA==",
           "dev": true,
           "requires": {
             "lru-cache": "^6.0.0"
@@ -22636,9 +22636,9 @@
       "dev": true
     },
     "semver": {
-      "version": "6.3.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-6.3.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-b39TBaTSfV6yBrapU89p5fKekE2m/NwnDocOVruQFS1/veMgdzuPcnOM34M6CwxW8jH/lxEa5rBoDeUwu5HHTw==",
+      "version": "6.3.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-6.3.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BR7VvDCVHO+q2xBEWskxS6DJE1qRnb7DxzUrogb71CWoSficBxYsiAGd+Kl0mmq/MprG9yArRkyrQxTO6XjMzA==",
       "dev": true
     },
     "serialize-javascript": {
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 423fd19c5..7ddaf7342 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "luxon",
-  "version": "3.4.1",
+  "version": "3.4.2",
   "description": "Immutable date wrapper",
   "author": "Isaac Cambron",
   "keywords": [
diff --git a/scripts/test b/scripts/test
index 7eea7fedd..def0897a9 100755
--- a/scripts/test
+++ b/scripts/test
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-TZ="America/New_York" NODE_ICU_DATA="$(pwd)/node_modules/full-icu" LANG=en_US.utf8 npm run test
+TZ="America/New_York" LANG=en_US.utf8 npm run test
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/duration.js b/src/duration.js
index 76a57b276..b725b59e7 100644
--- a/src/duration.js
+++ b/src/duration.js
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import {
   isUndefined,
   normalizeObject,
   roundTo,
-  signedFloor,
 } from "./impl/util.js";
 import Settings from "./settings.js";
 import DateTime from "./datetime.js";
@@ -127,27 +126,46 @@ function clone(dur, alts, clear = false) {
   return new Duration(conf);
 }
 
-// this is needed since in some test cases it would return 0.9999999999999999 instead of 1
-function removePrecisionIssue(a) {
-  return Math.trunc(a * 1e3) / 1e3;
-}
-
-// NB: mutates parameters
-function convert(matrix, fromMap, fromUnit, toMap, toUnit) {
-  const conv = matrix[toUnit][fromUnit];
-  const raw = fromMap[fromUnit] / conv;
-  const added = signedFloor(raw);
-
-  toMap[toUnit] = removePrecisionIssue(toMap[toUnit] + added);
-  fromMap[fromUnit] = removePrecisionIssue(fromMap[fromUnit] - added * conv);
+function durationToMillis(matrix, vals) {
+  let sum = vals.milliseconds ?? 0;
+  for (const unit of reverseUnits.slice(1)) {
+    if (vals[unit]) {
+      sum += vals[unit] * matrix[unit]["milliseconds"];
+    }
+  }
+  return sum;
 }
 
 // NB: mutates parameters
 function normalizeValues(matrix, vals) {
+  // the logic below assumes the overall value of the duration is positive
+  // if this is not the case, factor is used to make it so
+  const factor = durationToMillis(matrix, vals) < 0 ? -1 : 1;
+
   reverseUnits.reduce((previous, current) => {
     if (!isUndefined(vals[current])) {
       if (previous) {
-        convert(matrix, vals, previous, vals, current);
+        const previousVal = vals[previous] * factor;
+        const conv = matrix[current][previous];
+
+        // if (previousVal < 0):
+        // lower order unit is negative (e.g. { years: 2, days: -2 })
+        // normalize this by reducing the higher order unit by the appropriate amount
+        // and increasing the lower order unit
+        // this can never make the higher order unit negative, because this function only operates
+        // on positive durations, so the amount of time represented by the lower order unit cannot
+        // be larger than the higher order unit
+        // else:
+        // lower order unit is positive (e.g. { years: 2, days: 450 } or { years: -2, days: 450 })
+        // in this case we attempt to convert as much as possible from the lower order unit into
+        // the higher order one
+        //
+        // Math.floor takes care of both of these cases, rounding away from 0
+        // if previousVal < 0 it makes the absolute value larger
+        // if previousVal >= it makes the absolute value smaller
+        const rollUp = Math.floor(previousVal / conv);
+        vals[current] += rollUp * factor;
+        vals[previous] -= rollUp * conv * factor;
       }
       return current;
     } else {
@@ -581,13 +599,7 @@ export default class Duration {
   toMillis() {
     if (!this.isValid) return NaN;
 
-    let sum = this.values.milliseconds ?? 0;
-    for (let unit of reverseUnits.slice(1)) {
-      if (this.values[unit]) {
-        sum += this.values[unit] * this.matrix[unit]["milliseconds"];
-      }
-    }
-    return sum;
+    return durationToMillis(this.matrix, this.values);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -697,18 +709,22 @@ export default class Duration {
 
   /**
    * Reduce this Duration to its canonical representation in its current units.
+   * Assuming the overall value of the Duration is positive, this means:
+   * - excessive values for lower-order units are converted to higher order units (if possible, see first and second example)
+   * - negative lower-order units are converted to higher order units (there must be such a higher order unit, otherwise
+   *   the overall value would be negative, see second example)
+   *
+   * If the overall value is negative, the result of this method is equivalent to `this.negate().normalize().negate()`.
    * @example Duration.fromObject({ years: 2, days: 5000 }).normalize().toObject() //=> { years: 15, days: 255 }
+   * @example Duration.fromObject({ days: 5000 }).normalize().toObject() //=> { days: 5000 }
    * @example Duration.fromObject({ hours: 12, minutes: -45 }).normalize().toObject() //=> { hours: 11, minutes: 15 }
    * @return {Duration}
    */
   normalize() {
     if (!this.isValid) return this;
     const vals = this.toObject();
-    if (this.valueOf() >= 0) {
-      normalizeValues(this.matrix, vals);
-      return clone(this, { values: vals }, true);
-    }
-    return this.negate().normalize().negate();
+    normalizeValues(this.matrix, vals);
+    return clone(this, { values: vals }, true);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -758,16 +774,12 @@ export default class Duration {
           own += vals[k];
         }
 
+        // only keep the integer part for now in the hopes of putting any decimal part
+        // into a smaller unit later
         const i = Math.trunc(own);
         built[k] = i;
         accumulated[k] = (own * 1000 - i * 1000) / 1000;
 
-        // plus anything further down the chain that should be rolled up in to this
-        for (const down in vals) {
-          if (orderedUnits.indexOf(down) > orderedUnits.indexOf(k)) {
-            convert(this.matrix, vals, down, built, k);
-          }
-        }
         // otherwise, keep it in the wings to boil it later
       } else if (isNumber(vals[k])) {
         accumulated[k] = vals[k];
@@ -783,7 +795,8 @@ export default class Duration {
       }
     }
 
-    return clone(this, { values: built }, true).normalize();
+    normalizeValues(this.matrix, built);
+    return clone(this, { values: built }, true);
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/src/impl/util.js b/src/impl/util.js
index b934b1053..51f756ea4 100644
--- a/src/impl/util.js
+++ b/src/impl/util.js
@@ -124,10 +124,6 @@ export function parseMillis(fraction) {
   }
 }
 
-export function signedFloor(number) {
-  return number > 0 ? Math.floor(number) : Math.ceil(number);
-}
-
 export function roundTo(number, digits, towardZero = false) {
   const factor = 10 ** digits,
     rounder = towardZero ? Math.trunc : Math.round;
diff --git a/src/luxon.js b/src/luxon.js
index 496bd2fbb..f21d8e234 100644
--- a/src/luxon.js
+++ b/src/luxon.js
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import InvalidZone from "./zones/invalidZone.js";
 import SystemZone from "./zones/systemZone.js";
 import Settings from "./settings.js";
 
-const VERSION = "3.4.1";
+const VERSION = "3.4.2";
 
 export {
   VERSION,
diff --git a/src/package.json b/src/package.json
index 2412649c4..eaa6d1dfa 100644
--- a/src/package.json
+++ b/src/package.json
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
   "type": "module",
-  "version": "3.4.1"
+  "version": "3.4.2"
 }
diff --git a/test/datetime/format.test.js b/test/datetime/format.test.js
index 66ef19e5b..d598a38f7 100644
--- a/test/datetime/format.test.js
+++ b/test/datetime/format.test.js
@@ -426,17 +426,17 @@ test("DateTime#toLocaleString() returns something different for invalid DateTime
 
 test("DateTime#toLocaleString() shows things in the right IANA zone", () => {
   expect(dt.setZone("America/New_York").toLocaleString(DateTime.DATETIME_SHORT)).toBe(
-    "5/25/1982, 5:23 AM"
+    "5/25/1982, 5:23 AM"
   );
 });
 
 test("DateTime#toLocaleString() shows things in the right fixed-offset zone", () => {
-  expect(dt.setZone("UTC-8").toLocaleString(DateTime.DATETIME_SHORT)).toBe("5/25/1982, 1:23 AM");
+  expect(dt.setZone("UTC-8").toLocaleString(DateTime.DATETIME_SHORT)).toBe("5/25/1982, 1:23 AM");
 });
 
 test("DateTime#toLocaleString() shows things in the right fixed-offset zone when showing the zone", () => {
   expect(dt.setZone("UTC-8").toLocaleString(DateTime.DATETIME_FULL)).toBe(
-    "May 25, 1982 at 1:23 AM GMT-8"
+    "May 25, 1982 at 1:23 AM GMT-8"
   );
 });
 
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ test("DateTime#toLocaleString() accepts a zone even when the zone is set", () =>
       timeZoneName: "short",
       timeZone: "America/Los_Angeles",
     })
-  ).toBe("2:23 AM PDT");
+  ).toBe("2:23 AM PDT");
 });
 
 //------
diff --git a/test/datetime/toFormat.test.js b/test/datetime/toFormat.test.js
index f73b5aa0f..7f5b20b7e 100644
--- a/test/datetime/toFormat.test.js
+++ b/test/datetime/toFormat.test.js
@@ -3,20 +3,20 @@
 import { DateTime } from "../../src/luxon";
 
 const dt = DateTime.fromObject(
-    {
-      year: 1982,
-      month: 5,
-      day: 25,
-      hour: 9,
-      minute: 23,
-      second: 54,
-      millisecond: 123,
-    },
-    {
-      zone: "utc",
-    }
-  ),
-  ny = dt.setZone("America/New_York", { keepLocalTime: true });
+  {
+    year: 1982,
+    month: 5,
+    day: 25,
+    hour: 9,
+    minute: 23,
+    second: 54,
+    millisecond: 123,
+  },
+  {
+    zone: "utc",
+  }
+);
+const ny = dt.setZone("America/New_York", { keepLocalTime: true });
 
 //------
 // #toFormat()
@@ -414,16 +414,16 @@ test("DateTime#toFormat('TTT') returns a medium time representation", () => {
 });
 
 test("DateTime#toFormat('f') returns a short date/time representation without seconds", () => {
-  expect(dt.toFormat("f")).toBe("5/25/1982, 9:23 AM");
-  expect(dt.set({ hour: 13 }).toFormat("f")).toBe("5/25/1982, 1:23 PM");
+  expect(dt.toFormat("f").replace(/\s+/g, " ")).toBe("5/25/1982, 9:23 AM");
+  expect(dt.set({ hour: 13 }).toFormat("f").replace(/\s+/g, " ")).toBe("5/25/1982, 1:23 PM");
   expect(dt.reconfigure({ locale: "fr" }).toFormat("f")).toBe("25/05/1982 09:23");
   expect(dt.set({ hour: 13 }).reconfigure({ locale: "fr" }).toFormat("f")).toBe("25/05/1982 13:23");
 });
 
 test("DateTime#toFormat('ff') returns a medium date/time representation without seconds", () => {
-  expect(dt.toFormat("ff")).toBe("May 25, 1982, 9:23 AM");
-  expect(dt.set({ hour: 13 }).toFormat("ff")).toBe("May 25, 1982, 1:23 PM");
-  expect(dt.set({ month: 8 }).toFormat("ff")).toBe("Aug 25, 1982, 9:23 AM");
+  expect(dt.toFormat("ff").replace(/\s+/g, " ")).toBe("May 25, 1982, 9:23 AM");
+  expect(dt.set({ hour: 13 }).toFormat("ff").replace(/\s+/g, " ")).toBe("May 25, 1982, 1:23 PM");
+  expect(dt.set({ month: 8 }).toFormat("ff").replace(/\s+/g, " ")).toBe("Aug 25, 1982, 9:23 AM");
   expect(dt.reconfigure({ locale: "fr" }).toFormat("ff")).toBe("25 mai 1982, 09:23");
   expect(dt.set({ month: 2 }).reconfigure({ locale: "fr" }).toFormat("ff")).toBe(
     "25 févr. 1982, 09:23"
@@ -434,9 +434,9 @@ test("DateTime#toFormat('ff') returns a medium date/time representation without
 });
 
 test("DateTime#toFormat('fff') returns a medium date/time representation without seconds", () => {
-  expect(ny.toFormat("fff")).toBe("May 25, 1982 at 9:23 AM EDT");
-  expect(ny.set({ hour: 13 }).toFormat("fff")).toBe("May 25, 1982 at 1:23 PM EDT");
-  expect(ny.set({ month: 8 }).toFormat("fff")).toBe("August 25, 1982 at 9:23 AM EDT");
+  expect(ny.toFormat("fff")).toBe("May 25, 1982 at 9:23 AM EDT");
+  expect(ny.set({ hour: 13 }).toFormat("fff")).toBe("May 25, 1982 at 1:23 PM EDT");
+  expect(ny.set({ month: 8 }).toFormat("fff")).toBe("August 25, 1982 at 9:23 AM EDT");
   expect(ny.reconfigure({ locale: "fr" }).toFormat("fff")).toBe("25 mai 1982 à 09:23 UTC−4");
   expect(ny.set({ month: 2 }).reconfigure({ locale: "fr" }).toFormat("fff")).toBe(
     "25 février 1982 à 09:23 UTC−5"
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ test("DateTime#toFormat('fff') returns a medium date/time representation without
 });
 
 test("DateTime#toFormat('ffff') returns a long date/time representation without seconds", () => {
-  expect(ny.toFormat("ffff")).toBe("Tuesday, May 25, 1982 at 9:23 AM Eastern Daylight Time");
+  expect(ny.toFormat("ffff")).toBe("Tuesday, May 25, 1982 at 9:23 AM Eastern Daylight Time");
   expect(ny.set({ hour: 13 }).toFormat("ffff")).toBe(
-    "Tuesday, May 25, 1982 at 1:23 PM Eastern Daylight Time"
+    "Tuesday, May 25, 1982 at 1:23 PM Eastern Daylight Time"
   );
   expect(ny.set({ month: 2 }).toFormat("ffff")).toBe(
-    "Thursday, February 25, 1982 at 9:23 AM Eastern Standard Time"
+    "Thursday, February 25, 1982 at 9:23 AM Eastern Standard Time"
   );
   expect(ny.reconfigure({ locale: "fr" }).toFormat("ffff")).toBe(
     "mardi 25 mai 1982 à 09:23 heure d’été de l’Est nord-américain"
@@ -466,8 +466,8 @@ test("DateTime#toFormat('ffff') returns a long date/time representation without
 });
 
 test("DateTime#toFormat('F') returns a short date/time representation with seconds", () => {
-  expect(dt.toFormat("F")).toBe("5/25/1982, 9:23:54 AM");
-  expect(dt.set({ hour: 13 }).toFormat("F")).toBe("5/25/1982, 1:23:54 PM");
+  expect(dt.toFormat("F").replace(/\s+/g, " ")).toBe("5/25/1982, 9:23:54 AM");
+  expect(dt.set({ hour: 13 }).toFormat("F").replace(/\s+/g, " ")).toBe("5/25/1982, 1:23:54 PM");
   expect(dt.reconfigure({ locale: "fr" }).toFormat("F")).toBe("25/05/1982 09:23:54");
   expect(dt.set({ hour: 13 }).reconfigure({ locale: "fr" }).toFormat("F")).toBe(
     "25/05/1982 13:23:54"
@@ -475,9 +475,9 @@ test("DateTime#toFormat('F') returns a short date/time representation with secon
 });
 
 test("DateTime#toFormat('FF') returns a medium date/time representation with seconds", () => {
-  expect(dt.toFormat("FF")).toBe("May 25, 1982, 9:23:54 AM");
-  expect(dt.set({ hour: 13 }).toFormat("FF")).toBe("May 25, 1982, 1:23:54 PM");
-  expect(dt.set({ month: 8 }).toFormat("FF")).toBe("Aug 25, 1982, 9:23:54 AM");
+  expect(dt.toFormat("FF").replace(/\s+/g, " ")).toBe("May 25, 1982, 9:23:54 AM");
+  expect(dt.set({ hour: 13 }).toFormat("FF").replace(/\s+/g, " ")).toBe("May 25, 1982, 1:23:54 PM");
+  expect(dt.set({ month: 8 }).toFormat("FF").replace(/\s+/g, " ")).toBe("Aug 25, 1982, 9:23:54 AM");
   expect(dt.reconfigure({ locale: "fr" }).toFormat("FF")).toBe("25 mai 1982, 09:23:54");
   expect(dt.set({ month: 2 }).reconfigure({ locale: "fr" }).toFormat("FF")).toBe(
     "25 févr. 1982, 09:23:54"
@@ -488,9 +488,9 @@ test("DateTime#toFormat('FF') returns a medium date/time representation with sec
 });
 
 test("DateTime#toFormat('FFF') returns a medium date/time representation without seconds", () => {
-  expect(ny.toFormat("FFF")).toBe("May 25, 1982 at 9:23:54 AM EDT");
-  expect(ny.set({ hour: 13 }).toFormat("FFF")).toBe("May 25, 1982 at 1:23:54 PM EDT");
-  expect(ny.set({ month: 8 }).toFormat("FFF")).toBe("August 25, 1982 at 9:23:54 AM EDT");
+  expect(ny.toFormat("FFF")).toBe("May 25, 1982 at 9:23:54 AM EDT");
+  expect(ny.set({ hour: 13 }).toFormat("FFF")).toBe("May 25, 1982 at 1:23:54 PM EDT");
+  expect(ny.set({ month: 8 }).toFormat("FFF")).toBe("August 25, 1982 at 9:23:54 AM EDT");
   expect(ny.reconfigure({ locale: "fr" }).toFormat("FFF")).toBe("25 mai 1982 à 9:23:54 UTC−4");
   expect(ny.set({ month: 2 }).reconfigure({ locale: "fr" }).toFormat("FFF")).toBe(
     "25 février 1982 à 9:23:54 UTC−5"
@@ -501,12 +501,12 @@ test("DateTime#toFormat('FFF') returns a medium date/time representation without
 });
 
 test("DateTime#toFormat('FFFF') returns a long date/time representation without seconds", () => {
-  expect(ny.toFormat("FFFF")).toBe("Tuesday, May 25, 1982 at 9:23:54 AM Eastern Daylight Time");
+  expect(ny.toFormat("FFFF")).toBe("Tuesday, May 25, 1982 at 9:23:54 AM Eastern Daylight Time");
   expect(ny.set({ hour: 13 }).toFormat("FFFF")).toBe(
-    "Tuesday, May 25, 1982 at 1:23:54 PM Eastern Daylight Time"
+    "Tuesday, May 25, 1982 at 1:23:54 PM Eastern Daylight Time"
   );
   expect(ny.set({ month: 2 }).toFormat("FFFF")).toBe(
-    "Thursday, February 25, 1982 at 9:23:54 AM Eastern Standard Time"
+    "Thursday, February 25, 1982 at 9:23:54 AM Eastern Standard Time"
   );
   expect(ny.reconfigure({ locale: "fr" }).toFormat("FFFF")).toBe(
     "mardi 25 mai 1982 à 9:23:54 heure d’été de l’Est nord-américain"