Your Development Environment

============================

Text Editors

::::::::::::

Just about anything which can edit plain text will work for writing Python code,

however, using a more powerful editor may make your life a bit easier.

VIM

---

Vim is a text editor which uses keyboard shortcuts for editing instead of menus

or icons. There exist a couple of plugins and settings for the VIM editor to

aid python development. If you only develop in Python, a good start is to set

the default settings for indentation and line-wrapping to values compliant with

`PEP 8 <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/>`_. In your home directory,

open a file called `.vimrc` and add the following lines: ::

set textwidth=79

set shiftwidth=4

set tabstop=4

set expandtab

set softtabstop=4

set shiftround

With these settings, newlines are inserted after 79 characters and indentation

is set to 4 spaces per tab. If you also use VIM for other languages, there is a

handy plugin at indent_, which handles indentation settings for python source

files.

There is also a handy syntax plugin at syntax_ featuring some improvements over

the syntax file included in VIM 6.1.

These plugins supply you with a basic environment for developing in Python.

To get the most out of Vim, you should continually check your code for syntax

errors and PEP8 compliance. Luckily PEP8_ and Pyflakes_ will do this for you.

If your VIM is compiled with `+python` you can also utilize some very handy

plugins to do these checks from within the editor.

For PEP8 checking, install the vim-pep8_ plugin, and for pyflakes you can

install vim-pyflakes_. Now you can map the functions `Pep8()` or `Pyflakes()`

to any hotkey or action you want in Vim. Both plugins will display errors at

the bottom of the screen, and provide an easy way to jump to the corresponding

line. It's very handy to call these functions whenever you save a file. In

order to do this, add the following lines to your `vimrc`::

autocmd BufWritePost *.py call Pyflakes()

autocmd BufWritePost *.py call Pep8()

If you are already using syntastic_ you can enable it to run Pyflakes on write

and show errors and warnings in the quickfix window. An example configuration

to do that which also shows status and warning messages in the statusbar would be::

set statusline+=%#warningmsg#

set statusline+=%{SyntasticStatuslineFlag()}

set statusline+=%*

let g:syntastic_auto_loc_list=1

let g:syntastic_loc_list_height=5

Python-mode

^^^^^^^^^^^

Python-mode_ is complex solution in VIM for work with python code.

It's have:

- Async python code checking (pylint, pyflakes, pep8, mccabe) in any combination;

- Code refactoring and autocompletion with Rope;

- Fastest python folding;

- Nice and powered python syntax;

- Virtual env support;

- Search by python documentation and run python code;

- More other things like auto pep8 error fixes;

- Very customizable an documented as well;

- Have all required libraries in self;

And more stuff.

.. _indent: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=974

.. _syntax: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=790

.. _Pyflakes: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyflakes/

.. _vim-pyflakes: https://github.com/nvie/vim-pyflakes

.. _PEP8: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pep8/

.. _vim-pep8: https://github.com/nvie/vim-pep8

.. _syntastic: https://github.com/scrooloose/syntastic

.. _Python-mode: https://github.com/klen/python-mode

.. todo:: add supertab notes

TextMate

--------

"`TextMate <http://macromates.com/>`_ brings Apple's approach to operating

systems into the world of text editors. By bridging UNIX underpinnings and GUI,

TextMate cherry-picks the best of both worlds to the benefit of expert

scripters and novice users alike."

Sublime Text

------------

"`Sublime Text <http://www.sublimetext.com/>`_ is a sophisticated text editor

for code, html and prose. You'll love the slick user interface and

extraordinary features."

Sublime Text has excellent support for editing Python code and uses Python for

its plugin API.

IDEs

::::

PyCharm / IntelliJ IDEA

-----------------------

`PyCharm <http://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/>`_ is developed by JetBrains, also

known for IntelliJ IDEA. Both share the same code base and most of PyCharm's

features can be brought to IntelliJ with the free `Python Plug-In <http://plugins.intellij.net/plugin/?id=631/>`_.

Eclipse

-------

The most popular Eclipse plugin for Python development is Aptana's

`PyDev <http://pydev.org>`_.

Komodo IDE

-----------

`Komodo IDE <http://www.activestate.com/komodo-ide>`_ is developed by

ActiveState and is a commercial IDE for Windows, Mac

and Linux.

Spyder

------

`Spyder <http://code.google.com/p/spyderlib/>`_ an IDE specifically geared

toward working with scientific python libraries (namely `Scipy <http://www.scipy.org/>`_).

Includes integration with pyflakes_, `pylint <http://www.logilab.org/857>`_,

and `rope <http://rope.sourceforge.net/>`_.

Spyder is open-source (free), offers code completion, syntax highlighting,

class and function browser, and object inspection.

WingIDE

-------

`WingIDE <http://wingware.com/>`_ a python specific IDE. Runs for Linux,

Windows, and Mac (as an X11 application, which frustrates some Mac users).

Interpreter Tools

:::::::::::::::::

virtualenv

----------

Virtualenv is a tool to keep the dependencies required by different projects

in separate places, by creating virtual Python environments for them.

It solves the "Project X depends on version 1.x but, Project Y needs 4.x"

dilemma and keeps your global site-packages directory clean and manageable.

`virtualenv <http://www.virtualenv.org/en/latest/index.html>`_ creates

a folder which contains all the necessary executables to contain the

packages that a Python project would need. An example workflow is given.

Install virtualenv::

$ pip install virtualenv

Create a virtual environment for a project::

$ cd my_project

$ virtualenv venv

``virtualenv venv`` will create a folder in the current directory

which will contain the Python executable files, and a copy of the ``pip``

library which you can use to install other packages. The name of the

virtual environment (in this case, it was ``venv``) can be anything;

omitting the name will place the files in the current directory instead.

In order the start using the virtual environment, run::

$ source venv/bin/activate

The name of the current virtual environment will now appear on the left

of the prompt (e.g. ``(venv)Your-Computer:your_project UserName$``) to

let you know that it's active. From now on, any package that you install

using ``pip`` will be placed in the venv folder, isolated from the global

Python installation. Install packages as usual::

$ pip install requests

To stop using an environment simply type ``deactivate``. To remove the

environment, just remove the directory it was installed into. (In this

case, it would be ``rm -rf venv``).

Other Notes

~~~~~~~~~~~

Running ``virtualenv`` with the option ``--no-site-packages`` will not

include the packages that are installed globally. This can be useful

for keeping the package list clean in case it needs to be accessed later.

In order to keep your environment consistent, it's a good idea to "freeze"

the current state of the environment packages. To do this, run

::

$ pip freeze > requirements.txt

This will create a ``requirements.txt`` file, which contains a simple

list of all the packages in the current environment, and their respective

versions. Later, when a different developer (or you, if you need to re-

create the environment) can install the same packages, with the same

versions by running

::

$ pip install -r requirements.txt

This can help ensure consistency across installations, across deployments,

and across developers.

Lastly, remember to exclude the virtual environment folder from source

control by adding it to the ignore list.

virtualenvwrapper

-----------------

`Virtualenvwrapper <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenvwrapper>`_ makes

virtualenv a pleasure to use by wrapping the command line API with a nicer CLI.

::

$ pip install virtualenvwrapper

Put this into your `~/.bash_profile` (Linux/Mac) file:

::

$ export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV_ARGS='--no-site-packages'

This will prevent your virtualenvs from relying on your (global) site packages

directory, so that they are completely separate..

Other Tools

:::::::::::

IDLE

----

`IDLE <http://docs.python.org/library/idle.html>`_ is an integrated

development environment that is part of Python standard library. It is

completely written in Python and uses Tkinter GUI toolkit. Though IDLE

is not suited for full-blown development using Python , it is quite

helpful to try out small Python snippets and experiment with different

features in Python.

It provides following features:

* Python Shell Window (interpreter)

* Multi window text editor that colorizes Python code

* Minimal debugging facility

IPython

-------

`IPython <http://ipython.org/>`_ provides a rich toolkit to help you make the

most out of using Python interactively. Its main components are:

* Powerful Python shells (terminal- and Qt-based).

* A web-based notebook with the same core features but support for rich media,

text, code, mathematical expressions and inline plots.

* Support for interactive data visualization and use of GUI toolkits.

* Flexible, embeddable interpreters to load into your own projects.

* Tools for high level and interactive parallel computing.

::

$ pip install ipython

BPython

-------

`bpython <http://bpython-interpreter.org/>`_ is an alternative interface to the

Python interpreter for Unix-like operating systems. It has the following features:

* In-line syntax highlighting.

* Readline-like autocomplete with suggestions displayed as you type.

* Expected parameter list for any Python function.

* "Rewind" function to pop the last line of code from memory and re-evaluate.

* Send entered code off to a pastebin.

* Save entered code to a file.

* Auto-indentation.

* Python 3 support.

::

$ pip install bpython