diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py
index 13890eba0c24..7154e1373d32 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py
@@ -2011,16 +2011,11 @@ def draw_path_collection(self, gc, master_transform, paths, all_transforms,
             name = self.file.pathCollectionObject(
                 gc, path, transform, padding, filled, stroked)
             path_codes.append(name)
-            # Compute the extent of each marker path to enable per-marker
-            # bounds checking. This allows us to skip markers that are
-            # completely outside the visible canvas while preserving markers
-            # that are partially visible.
-            if len(path.vertices):
-                bbox = path.get_extents(transform)
-                # Store half-width and half-height for efficient bounds checking
-                path_extents.append((bbox.width / 2, bbox.height / 2))
-            else:
-                path_extents.append((0, 0))
+            # Compute each transformed path's exact bounds for per-marker
+            # canvas checks.  Offsets are not necessarily full canvas-space
+            # centers, e.g. for collections using AffineDeltaTransform, so
+            # cull based on the final path bounds translated by the offset.
+            path_extents.append(path.get_extents(transform).frozen())
 
         # Create a mapping from path_id to extent for efficient lookup
         path_extent_map = dict(zip(path_codes, path_extents))
@@ -2036,26 +2031,12 @@ def draw_path_collection(self, gc, master_transform, paths, all_transforms,
                 facecolors, edgecolors, linewidths, linestyles,
                 antialiaseds, urls, offset_position, hatchcolors=hatchcolors):
 
-            # Optimization: Fast path for markers with centers inside canvas.
-            # This avoids the dictionary lookup for the common case where
-            # markers are visible, improving performance for large scatter plots.
-            if 0 <= xo <= canvas_width and 0 <= yo <= canvas_height:
-                # Marker center is inside canvas - definitely render it
-                self.check_gc(gc0, rgbFace)
-                dx, dy = xo - lastx, yo - lasty
-                output(1, 0, 0, 1, dx, dy, Op.concat_matrix, path_id,
-                       Op.use_xobject)
-                lastx, lasty = xo, yo
-                continue
-
-            # Marker center is outside canvas - check if partially visible.
-            # Skip markers completely outside visible canvas bounds to reduce
-            # PDF file size. Use per-marker extents to handle large markers
-            # correctly: only skip if the marker's bounding box doesn't
-            # intersect the canvas at all.
-            extent_x, extent_y = path_extent_map[path_id]
-            if not (-extent_x <= xo <= canvas_width + extent_x
-                    and -extent_y <= yo <= canvas_height + extent_y):
+            # Skip markers completely outside the canvas to reduce PDF size.
+            # Use the translated path bounds, not the offset alone: the offset
+            # need not be the marker center in canvas coordinates.
+            bbox = path_extent_map[path_id]
+            if (bbox.x1 + xo < 0 or bbox.x0 + xo > canvas_width
+                    or bbox.y1 + yo < 0 or bbox.y0 + yo > canvas_height):
                 continue
 
             self.check_gc(gc0, rgbFace)
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_backend_pdf.py b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_backend_pdf.py
index 90db19110814..74372ac20548 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_backend_pdf.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_backend_pdf.py
@@ -732,3 +732,30 @@ def test_scatter_polar(fig_test, fig_ref):
     ax_ref = fig_ref.subplots(subplot_kw={'projection': 'polar'})
     ax_ref.scatter(theta, r, c=c, s=50)
     ax_ref.set_ylim(0, 2)
+
+
+@check_figures_equal(extensions=["pdf"], tol=1.0)
+def test_hexbin_negative_offsets(fig_test, fig_ref):
+    """
+    Test path collection culling with non-canvas-space offsets.
+
+    Hexbin uses a repeated polygon path with offsets transformed by
+    AffineDeltaTransform.  The transformed offsets are displacements, not the
+    final canvas-space marker centers, so PDF backend culling must account for
+    the transformed path bounds as well.
+    """
+    rng = np.random.default_rng(19680801)
+    x = rng.normal(size=10_000)
+    y = rng.normal(size=10_000)
+
+    ax_test = fig_test.subplots()
+    ax_test.hexbin(x, y, gridsize=25, edgecolors="none")
+    ax_test.set_xlim(-2.0, 2.0)
+    ax_test.set_ylim(-2.0, 2.0)
+    ax_test.set_axis_off()
+
+    ax_ref = fig_ref.subplots()
+    ax_ref.hexbin(x + 2.0, y + 2.0, gridsize=25, edgecolors="none")
+    ax_ref.set_xlim(0.0, 4.0)
+    ax_ref.set_ylim(0.0, 4.0)
+    ax_ref.set_axis_off()