

.. _sphx_glr_tutorials_text_text_props.py:


============================
 Text properties and layout
============================

Controlling properties of text and its layout with Matplotlib.

The :class:`matplotlib.text.Text` instances have a variety of
properties which can be configured via keyword arguments to the text
commands (e.g., :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.title`,
:func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.xlabel` and :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.text`).

==========================  ======================================================================================================================
Property                    Value Type
==========================  ======================================================================================================================
alpha                       `float`
backgroundcolor             any matplotlib :ref:`color <sphx_glr_tutorials_colors_colors.py>`
bbox                        `~matplotlib.patches.Rectangle` prop dict plus key ``'pad'`` which is a pad in points
clip_box                    a matplotlib.transform.Bbox instance
clip_on                     [True | False]
clip_path                   a `~matplotlib.path.Path` instance and a `~matplotlib.transforms.Transform` instance, a `~matplotlib.patches.Patch`
color                       any matplotlib :ref:`color <sphx_glr_tutorials_colors_colors.py>`
family                      [ ``'serif'`` | ``'sans-serif'`` | ``'cursive'`` | ``'fantasy'`` | ``'monospace'`` ]
fontproperties              a `~matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties` instance
horizontalalignment or ha   [ ``'center'`` | ``'right'`` | ``'left'`` ]
label                       any string
linespacing                 `float`
multialignment              [``'left'`` | ``'right'`` | ``'center'`` ]
name or fontname            string e.g., [``'Sans'`` | ``'Courier'`` | ``'Helvetica'`` ...]
picker                      [None|float|boolean|callable]
position                    (x, y)
rotation                    [ angle in degrees | ``'vertical'`` | ``'horizontal'`` ]
size or fontsize            [ size in points | relative size, e.g., ``'smaller'``, ``'x-large'`` ]
style or fontstyle          [ ``'normal'`` | ``'italic'`` | ``'oblique'`` ]
text                        string or anything printable with '%s' conversion
transform                   a `~matplotlib.transforms.Transform` instance
variant                     [ ``'normal'`` | ``'small-caps'`` ]
verticalalignment or va     [ ``'center'`` | ``'top'`` | ``'bottom'`` | ``'baseline'`` ]
visible                     [True | False]
weight or fontweight        [ ``'normal'`` | ``'bold'`` | ``'heavy'`` | ``'light'`` | ``'ultrabold'`` | ``'ultralight'``]
x                           `float`
y                           `float`
zorder                      any number
==========================  ======================================================================================================================


You can lay out text with the alignment arguments
``horizontalalignment``, ``verticalalignment``, and
``multialignment``.  ``horizontalalignment`` controls whether the x
positional argument for the text indicates the left, center or right
side of the text bounding box. ``verticalalignment`` controls whether
the y positional argument for the text indicates the bottom, center or
top side of the text bounding box.  ``multialignment``, for newline
separated strings only, controls whether the different lines are left,
center or right justified.  Here is an example which uses the
:func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.text` command to show the various alignment
possibilities.  The use of ``transform=ax.transAxes`` throughout the
code indicates that the coordinates are given relative to the axes
bounding box, with 0,0 being the lower left of the axes and 1,1 the
upper right.



.. code-block:: python


    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import matplotlib.patches as patches

    # build a rectangle in axes coords
    left, width = .25, .5
    bottom, height = .25, .5
    right = left + width
    top = bottom + height

    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = fig.add_axes([0, 0, 1, 1])

    # axes coordinates are 0,0 is bottom left and 1,1 is upper right
    p = patches.Rectangle(
        (left, bottom), width, height,
        fill=False, transform=ax.transAxes, clip_on=False
        )

    ax.add_patch(p)

    ax.text(left, bottom, 'left top',
            horizontalalignment='left',
            verticalalignment='top',
            transform=ax.transAxes)

    ax.text(left, bottom, 'left bottom',
            horizontalalignment='left',
            verticalalignment='bottom',
            transform=ax.transAxes)

    ax.text(right, top, 'right bottom',
            horizontalalignment='right',
            verticalalignment='bottom',
            transform=ax.transAxes)

    ax.text(right, top, 'right top',
            horizontalalignment='right',
            verticalalignment='top',
            transform=ax.transAxes)

    ax.text(right, bottom, 'center top',
            horizontalalignment='center',
            verticalalignment='top',
            transform=ax.transAxes)

    ax.text(left, 0.5*(bottom+top), 'right center',
            horizontalalignment='right',
            verticalalignment='center',
            rotation='vertical',
            transform=ax.transAxes)

    ax.text(left, 0.5*(bottom+top), 'left center',
            horizontalalignment='left',
            verticalalignment='center',
            rotation='vertical',
            transform=ax.transAxes)

    ax.text(0.5*(left+right), 0.5*(bottom+top), 'middle',
            horizontalalignment='center',
            verticalalignment='center',
            fontsize=20, color='red',
            transform=ax.transAxes)

    ax.text(right, 0.5*(bottom+top), 'centered',
            horizontalalignment='center',
            verticalalignment='center',
            rotation='vertical',
            transform=ax.transAxes)

    ax.text(left, top, 'rotated\nwith newlines',
            horizontalalignment='center',
            verticalalignment='center',
            rotation=45,
            transform=ax.transAxes)

    ax.set_axis_off()
    plt.show()




.. image:: /tutorials/text/images/sphx_glr_text_props_001.png
    :align: center




==============
 Default Font
==============

The base default font is controlled by a set of rcParams. To set the font
for mathematical expressions, use the rcParams beginning with ``mathtext``
(see :ref:`mathtext <mathtext-fonts>`).

+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| rcParam             | usage                                              |
+=====================+====================================================+
| ``'font.family'``   | List of either names of font or ``{'cursive',      |
|                     | 'fantasy', 'monospace', 'sans', 'sans serif',      |
|                     | 'sans-serif', 'serif'}``.                          |
|                     |                                                    |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
|  ``'font.style'``   | The default style, ex ``'normal'``,                |
|                     | ``'italic'``.                                      |
|                     |                                                    |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``'font.variant'``  | Default variant, ex ``'normal'``, ``'small-caps'`` |
|                     | (untested)                                         |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``'font.stretch'``  | Default stretch, ex ``'normal'``, ``'condensed'``  |
|                     | (incomplete)                                       |
|                     |                                                    |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
|  ``'font.weight'``  | Default weight.  Either string or integer          |
|                     |                                                    |
|                     |                                                    |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
|   ``'font.size'``   | Default font size in points.  Relative font sizes  |
|                     | (``'large'``, ``'x-small'``) are computed against  |
|                     | this size.                                         |
+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------+

The mapping between the family aliases (``{'cursive', 'fantasy',
'monospace', 'sans', 'sans serif', 'sans-serif', 'serif'}``) and actual font names
is controlled by the following rcParams:


+------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| family alias                             | rcParam with mappings          |
+==========================================+================================+
| ``'serif'``                              | ``'font.serif'``               |
+------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ``'monospace'``                          | ``'font.monospace'``           |
+------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ``'fantasy'``                            | ``'font.fantasy'``             |
+------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ``'cursive'``                            | ``'font.cursive'``             |
+------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ``{'sans', 'sans serif', 'sans-serif'}`` | ``'font.sans-serif'``          |
+------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+


which are lists of font names.

Text with non-latin glyphs
==========================

As of v2.0 the :ref:`default font <default_changes_font>` contains
glyphs for many western alphabets, but still does not cover all of the
glyphs that may be required by mpl users.  For example, DejaVu has no
coverage of Chinese, Korean, or Japanese.


To set the default font to be one that supports the code points you
need, prepend the font name to ``'font.family'`` or the desired alias
lists ::

   matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Source Han Sans TW', 'sans-serif']

or set it in your :file:`.matplotlibrc` file::

   font.sans-serif: Source Han Sans TW, Arial, sans-serif

To control the font used on per-artist basis use the ``'name'``,
``'fontname'`` or ``'fontproperties'`` kwargs documented :ref:`above
<sphx_glr_tutorials_text_text_props.py>`.


On linux, `fc-list <https://linux.die.net/man/1/fc-list>`__ can be a
useful tool to discover the font name; for example ::

   $ fc-list :lang=zh family
   Noto to Sans Mono CJK TC,Noto Sans Mono CJK TC Bold
   Noto Sans CJK TC,Noto Sans CJK TC Medium
   Noto Sans CJK TC,Noto Sans CJK TC DemiLight
   Noto Sans CJK KR,Noto Sans CJK KR Black
   Noto Sans CJK TC,Noto Sans CJK TC Black
   Noto Sans Mono CJK TC,Noto Sans Mono CJK TC Regular
   Noto Sans CJK SC,Noto Sans CJK SC Light

lists all of the fonts that support Chinese.



**Total running time of the script:** ( 0 minutes  0.024 seconds)



.. container:: sphx-glr-footer


  .. container:: sphx-glr-download

     :download:`Download Python source code: text_props.py <text_props.py>`



  .. container:: sphx-glr-download

     :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: text_props.ipynb <text_props.ipynb>`

.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature

    `Generated by Sphinx-Gallery <https://sphinx-gallery.readthedocs.io>`_
