"""
=================
Mathtext Examples
=================

Selected features of Matplotlib's math rendering engine.
"""
from __future__ import print_function
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import subprocess
import sys
import re
import gc

# Selection of features following "Writing mathematical expressions" tutorial
mathtext_titles = {
    0: "Header demo",
    1: "Subscripts and superscripts",
    2: "Fractions, binomials and stacked numbers",
    3: "Radicals",
    4: "Fonts",
    5: "Accents",
    6: "Greek, Hebrew",
    7: "Delimiters, functions and Symbols"}
n_lines = len(mathtext_titles)

# Randomly picked examples
mathext_demos = {
    0: r"$W^{3\beta}_{\delta_1 \rho_1 \sigma_2} = "
    r"U^{3\beta}_{\delta_1 \rho_1} + \frac{1}{8 \pi 2} "
    r"\int^{\alpha_2}_{\alpha_2} d \alpha^\prime_2 \left[\frac{ "
    r"U^{2\beta}_{\delta_1 \rho_1} - \alpha^\prime_2U^{1\beta}_"
    r"{\rho_1 \sigma_2} }{U^{0\beta}_{\rho_1 \sigma_2}}\right]$",

    1: r"$\alpha_i > \beta_i,\ "
    r"\alpha_{i+1}^j = {\rm sin}(2\pi f_j t_i) e^{-5 t_i/\tau},\ "
    r"\ldots$",

    2: r"$\frac{3}{4},\ \binom{3}{4},\ \stackrel{3}{4},\ "
    r"\left(\frac{5 - \frac{1}{x}}{4}\right),\ \ldots$",

    3: r"$\sqrt{2},\ \sqrt[3]{x},\ \ldots$",

    4: r"$\mathrm{Roman}\ , \ \mathit{Italic}\ , \ \mathtt{Typewriter} \ "
    r"\mathrm{or}\ \mathcal{CALLIGRAPHY}$",

    5: r"$\acute a,\ \bar a,\ \breve a,\ \dot a,\ \ddot a, \ \grave a, \ "
    r"\hat a,\ \tilde a,\ \vec a,\ \widehat{xyz},\ \widetilde{xyz},\ "
    r"\ldots$",

    6: r"$\alpha,\ \beta,\ \chi,\ \delta,\ \lambda,\ \mu,\ "
    r"\Delta,\ \Gamma,\ \Omega,\ \Phi,\ \Pi,\ \Upsilon,\ \nabla,\ "
    r"\aleph,\ \beth,\ \daleth,\ \gimel,\ \ldots$",

    7: r"$\coprod,\ \int,\ \oint,\ \prod,\ \sum,\ "
    r"\log,\ \sin,\ \approx,\ \oplus,\ \star,\ \varpropto,\ "
    r"\infty,\ \partial,\ \Re,\ \leftrightsquigarrow, \ \ldots$"}


def doall():
    # Colors used in mpl online documentation.
    mpl_blue_rvb = (191. / 255., 209. / 256., 212. / 255.)
    mpl_orange_rvb = (202. / 255., 121. / 256., 0. / 255.)
    mpl_grey_rvb = (51. / 255., 51. / 255., 51. / 255.)

    # Creating figure and axis.
    plt.figure(figsize=(6, 7))
    plt.axes([0.01, 0.01, 0.98, 0.90], facecolor="white", frameon=True)
    plt.gca().set_xlim(0., 1.)
    plt.gca().set_ylim(0., 1.)
    plt.gca().set_title("Matplotlib's math rendering engine",
                        color=mpl_grey_rvb, fontsize=14, weight='bold')
    plt.gca().set_xticklabels("", visible=False)
    plt.gca().set_yticklabels("", visible=False)

    # Gap between lines in axes coords
    line_axesfrac = (1. / (n_lines))

    # Plotting header demonstration formula
    full_demo = mathext_demos[0]
    plt.annotate(full_demo,
                 xy=(0.5, 1. - 0.59 * line_axesfrac),
                 xycoords='data', color=mpl_orange_rvb, ha='center',
                 fontsize=20)

    # Plotting features demonstration formulae
    for i_line in range(1, n_lines):
        baseline = 1 - (i_line) * line_axesfrac
        baseline_next = baseline - line_axesfrac
        title = mathtext_titles[i_line] + ":"
        fill_color = ['white', mpl_blue_rvb][i_line % 2]
        plt.fill_between([0., 1.], [baseline, baseline],
                         [baseline_next, baseline_next],
                         color=fill_color, alpha=0.5)
        plt.annotate(title,
                     xy=(0.07, baseline - 0.3 * line_axesfrac),
                     xycoords='data', color=mpl_grey_rvb, weight='bold')
        demo = mathext_demos[i_line]
        plt.annotate(demo,
                     xy=(0.05, baseline - 0.75 * line_axesfrac),
                     xycoords='data', color=mpl_grey_rvb,
                     fontsize=16)

    for i in range(n_lines):
        s = mathext_demos[i]
        print(i, s)
    plt.show()


if '--latex' in sys.argv:
    # Run: python mathtext_examples.py --latex
    # Need amsmath and amssymb packages.
    fd = open("mathtext_examples.ltx", "w")
    fd.write("\\documentclass{article}\n")
    fd.write("\\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}\n")
    fd.write("\\begin{document}\n")
    fd.write("\\begin{enumerate}\n")

    for i in range(n_lines):
        s = mathext_demos[i]
        s = re.sub(r"(?<!\\)\$", "$$", s)
        fd.write("\\item %s\n" % s)

    fd.write("\\end{enumerate}\n")
    fd.write("\\end{document}\n")
    fd.close()

    subprocess.call(["pdflatex", "mathtext_examples.ltx"])
else:
    doall()
