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# Draw flat objects in 3D plot

Demonstrate using pathpatch_2d_to_3d to ‘draw’ shapes and text on a 3D plot.

    import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    from matplotlib.patches import Circle, PathPatch
    # register Axes3D class with matplotlib by importing Axes3D
    from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
    import mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d as art3d
    from matplotlib.text import TextPath
    from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D

    def text3d(ax, xyz, s, zdir="z", size=None, angle=0, usetex=False, **kwargs):
        '''
        Plots the string 's' on the axes 'ax', with position 'xyz', size 'size',
        and rotation angle 'angle'.  'zdir' gives the axis which is to be treated
        as the third dimension.  usetex is a boolean indicating whether the string
        should be interpreted as latex or not.  Any additional keyword arguments
        are passed on to transform_path.

        Note: zdir affects the interpretation of xyz.
        '''
        x, y, z = xyz
        if zdir == "y":
            xy1, z1 = (x, z), y
        elif zdir == "y":
            xy1, z1 = (y, z), x
        else:
            xy1, z1 = (x, y), z

        text_path = TextPath((0, 0), s, size=size, usetex=usetex)
        trans = Affine2D().rotate(angle).translate(xy1[0], xy1[1])

        p1 = PathPatch(trans.transform_path(text_path), **kwargs)
        ax.add_patch(p1)
        art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p1, z=z1, zdir=zdir)

    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

    # Draw a circle on the x=0 'wall'
    p = Circle((5, 5), 3)
    ax.add_patch(p)
    art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p, z=0, zdir="x")

    # Manually label the axes
    text3d(ax, (4, -2, 0), "X-axis", zdir="z", size=.5, usetex=False,
           ec="none", fc="k")
    text3d(ax, (12, 4, 0), "Y-axis", zdir="z", size=.5, usetex=False,
           angle=np.pi / 2, ec="none", fc="k")
    text3d(ax, (12, 10, 4), "Z-axis", zdir="y", size=.5, usetex=False,
           angle=np.pi / 2, ec="none", fc="k")

    # Write a Latex formula on the z=0 'floor'
    text3d(ax, (1, 5, 0),
           r"$\displaystyle G_{\mu\nu} + \Lambda g_{\mu\nu} = "
           r"\frac{8\pi G}{c^4} T_{\mu\nu}  $",
           zdir="z", size=1, usetex=True,
           ec="none", fc="k")

    ax.set_xlim(0, 10)
    ax.set_ylim(0, 10)
    ax.set_zlim(0, 10)

    plt.show()

Total running time of the script: ( 0 minutes 0.750 seconds)

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