Python has several built-in data types. Here’s an overview with examples:

• int: Integer values
• float: Floating-point numbers
• complex: Complex numbers

x = 5      # int
y = 3.14   # float
z = 2 + 3j # complex

• Immutable sequences of Unicode characters
• Support slicing, concatenation, and many methods

s = 'hello'
print(s[1:4])      # 'ell'
print(s.upper())   # 'HELLO'

• Ordered, mutable sequences
• Allow duplicates and mixed types

lst = [1, 'a', 3.14]
lst.append(42)
print(lst)

• Ordered, immutable sequences
• Allow duplicates and mixed types

tpl = (1, 2, 3)
print(tpl[0])

• Unordered collections of unique, hashable items
• No duplicates, mutable

s = {1, 2, 3}
s.add(2)  # No effect, 2 already present
print(s)

• Unordered collections of key-value pairs
• Keys must be unique and hashable

d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
d['c'] = 3
print(d)

print(type(3.14))      # <class 'float'>
print(isinstance(d, dict))  # True

print(int('42'))      # 42
print(list('abc'))    # ['a', 'b', 'c']